نشریه مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 71 (تابستان 1402)

Studies show that urban comprehensive plans in their current form and approach have not been able to promote the goals for which they have been established and have not been updated with new technologies and changes in the pattern of space consumption in content and method. Emphasizing the use of the best examples of global experiences in urban planning and modeling to achieve smart cities, this research tries to provide suggestions for changes in the traditional process of planning in order to achieve the smart cities program. The current research was conducted through multi-methods and qualitative studies. In the first stage, with the method of conceptualization and after reviewing the basics and available documents of planning smart cities in five selected countries, South Korea, India, America, China, and the Netherlands (which were selected based on criteria for usability in Iran). Comparative analysis tables have been prepared to evaluate goals and macro and micro programs. In the next stage, with a semi-structured interview method with a group of city managers, the community of academic experts, and consulting engineers preparing urban development plans, the pathology of the current situation and the understanding of priorities, needs, attitudes, and problems were carried out. Is. The sample size of the interviews for each group was ten people, and the results were saturated with this number. They were analyzed with the interpretative method and the relevant tables. Finally, according to the examples of successful global experiences, suggestions in the form of necessary documents, the process of submitting a smart city proposal, selecting a consultant, preparing, implementing, and monitoring it, and the necessary institutional structure in the form of special smart city plans in Iran have been presented.

According to different experts around the world, smart city has different features and dimensions.  And the implementation of a smart city faces challenges like any other effective matter. The city of Ahvaz is like all the cities that move in the direction of development.  In order to achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to identify and solve these challenges as soon as possible. By solving these problems; Take the steps of sustainable development as fast and better as possible one after the other.
The goal of the smart city is to achieve the integration of urban services, business, transportation, water, energy and other urban subsystems by combining and analyzing data collected through sensors and information and communication technology. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the obstacles and challenges facing the smart city in Ahvaz.
This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the present study was 42 experts in this field. Library-field method (questionnaire) was used to collect information. In this study, eight barriers (management and organization, technology, individuals and communities, political context, environment, economy, governance, infrastructure) have been evaluated statistically and the data obtained through PROMETHEE visual software have been analyzed., To prioritize effective criteria in a smart urban city.The results showed that the environmental index with a pH of + 0/6044 had the highest weight and the index of individuals and communities with a weight of pH 0/2967 had the lowest scoring priority of the challenges facing the smart city.
The results showed that until the people's participation and cooperation and attention to the improvement of urban planning on the part of the people and officials are strengthened, it is not possible to move towards a smart city. Other factors such as weak management of the city administration, failure to remove legal and regulatory obstacles, lack of alignment of organizational and project goals, resistance to change and lack of inter-organizational and inter-departmental cooperation, etc., also require the attention of city officials and planners.

Urban management has become a very complex and dynamic phenomenon with the expansion of urbanization and physical-spatial dimensions. Therefore, for better management of the city, it is necessary to use new methods of urban management. One of the important platforms for urban management in a modern way is information technology. Despite the fact that many studies have explained this issue, a comprehensive conceptualization of it has not been done in the theoretical foundations of this field. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the development dynamics, effects and applications of information technology in urban management with a dynamic and comprehensive perspective. This article seeks to answer questions about the definition of information technology based on the definition of urban management, the elements of information technology in urban management, its advantages in urban management, trends in the development of information technology with an emphasis on its operational process, using library and meta-combination study. To explain the structure governing the growth of cities and the effects of information technology in urban management using the qualitative system dynamics approach. The results showed that the elements of information technology in the city, in addition to the general elements, include processing algorithms, processing spaces and intelligence, geographic information system (GIS) and applications and social networks. Also, 12 special advantages of information technology in the city and 10 effects and applications of information technology in urban management were explained. Also, the cause and effect model included 6 reinforcing loops of urban expansion, the effect of information technology on providing services, governance and sustainable development of the environment, innovation, administrative transparency and security, and a balancing loop of the disadvantages of urban expansion.

Issue and

After Passing half a century since the establishment of the field of urban design in Iran and the existence of many graduateds in this field, their status and professional role in the country needs to be studied. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to analyze the role and current position of urban design graduateds in the profession. On the one hand, the high number of graduateds, on the other hand the incapability to communicate with them in other universities made this research limited to the urban design graduateds of Tarbiat Modares University.

The current research has used a quantitative survey method. The technique used in data collection is organized online questionnaire with a statistical population of 100 people (including urban design graduateds of Tarbiat Modares University entrying from 2004 to 2017). In association with the data analysis, the analysis of results technique and inferential statistics have been used to generalize the obtained results from the statistical sample to the entire statistical population of urban design graduateds of Tarbiat Modares.

The achievement of this research was to investigate and evaluate the role and current position of urban design graduateds in the profession, the results of which the results show major activity of urban designers, respectively, in consulting offices, urban management, education and research. Also, in a part of this research, it has been tried to investigate and compare the affection of factors such as continuing education and migration of graduateds, which are somehow affected by their type of activity in the profession.

The city is considered a source of development and the position of urban management plays a significant and decisive role in the process of city development and the improvement of urban settlements. In the meantime, good urban governance in the issue of re-creating the worn-out urban fabric by using the capacity of existing institutions and creating institutional platforms among actors provides the basis for sustainable decision-making. In this regard, the current research aims to analyze the role of good urban governance in regenerating the worn-out urban fabric of Abbas Abad. According to the purpose, the present research is of applied type. MICMAC software was used for quantitative analysis of the findings, and the statistical population was selected by the Delphi method of 30 urban specialists and experts for questioning and rating the indicators. The research results showed that the variables of participation dimensions with a weighted average of 50.66 had the greatest impact and transparency dimensions with a weighted average of 37.8 had the least impact on the residential satisfaction of Abbas Abad district. Among the variables that have been mentioned, the indicators of participation in economic investments, the existence of civil groups, public associations, the government's focus on corruption and popular organizations, respectively, with numerical values of 56, 55, 52, 51, 49, have the greatest direct effect. They have studied residential satisfaction. Finally, it was observed that the state of good urban governance in the studied area is unstable and residents are dissatisfied.

This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the quality of performance of Tehran municipality in terms of good governance. The research method was descriptive-analytical-developmental. Collecting data has been done by documentary and survey methods, and analyzing data has been performed using various statistical tests, including sampling, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), independent two-sample T-test, etc. Statistical communities include the data system of Tehran statistics and expert group, as well as the citizens of Tehran. The sample size was equal to 384 people. The sampling method was multi-stage, so that first, based on the cluster method, the share of each of the 22 regions was determined based on the number of population (according to the P.P.S method), then, based on the simple random sampling method, the questioning of the regions was started. The results indicated there is a significant difference between the statistical societies. So that the analytical results of the data system of Tehran municipality statistics illustrate an average situation for the management quality of Tehran municipality, but the results of the questionnaires show that according to the people, the quality of Tehran city management performance in various indicators of the good governance approach was weak. From the viewpoint of the statistics of Tehran Municipality, participation and accountability have been in a better condition than other variables. But the rest of dimensions have been in poor condition. This issue was also investigated in terms of the 22 regions of Tehran, and the results indicated the effectiveness, security/safety and productivity had a more acceptable status and the other dimensions had a very poor status. The findings also elucidated there is an unfairness in different areas of Tehran city, a sense of discrimination among citizens in providing local services, lack of bureaucratic expertise, weak effectiveness of development plans, lack of supervision of the performance of municipal managers and employees, weak infrastructure of electronic management, high level of injuries and crimes, increasing the density of buildings for getting duties and taxes, and so on have affected on the quality of urban management in the municipality of Tehran.

Earthquake is one of the most destructive and unpredictable natural disasters that many countries of the world, including Iran, are facing due to the special geological conditions in most of the population centers and among the seismic areas of the Iranian Plateau, the Chin-Fault Belt. Zagros, on which the city of Kermanshah is located, is one of the youngest and most active zones exposed to large-scale earthquakes. The city of Kermanshah is one of the largest cities in the west of the country and is of great importance in terms of population, economy, society, and politics, but due to the inappropriate physical conditions of the city, in the event of an earthquake, it will suffer irreparable losses and damages and will be in a critical situation. took Therefore, in order to reduce the harmful effects of earthquakes, it is necessary to improve urban planning standards and achieve sustainable development in this city, and in this regard, the main goal of this research is to provide models for reducing the vulnerability caused by earthquakes using the sciences of geography and urban planning and The use of urban crisis management is to provide strategies and operational plans in order to reduce the vulnerability of Kermanshah due to earthquakes. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. The required information was collected based on field observations, questionnaires, library and documentary studies, and data analysis, maps, and satellite images. Analyzing information using AHP hierarchical analysis model and Expert choice software, and in the stage related to data entry, storage, processing and analysis, ARC GIS software was used in this research, the two main criteria of city physical stability and efficiency City relief in times of crisis, as well as 11 sub-criteria of land area, building occupancy level, type of materials, age of building, number of floors, type of structure, distance from hazardous centers, population density, distance from relief centers, access to open space and width of road Preparation of models and presentation of strategies and operational plans in order to reduce the vulnerability caused by earthquakes in four areas of very high, high, medium and low vulnerability have been examined and then scored, the models obtained from the research results show that According to the physical stability criterion, 69.31% of the buildings in the city are in the very high and high vulnerability zone, and according to this criterion, urban area 3 is the most vulnerable area. Also, according to the criterion of the efficiency of relief during the crisis, 65.13% of the city's buildings are in a zone of very high and high vulnerability, and according to this criterion, region 5 is the most vulnerable urban region. In terms of overall vulnerability, 23.78% of the city's buildings are in the very high vulnerability zone and 34.097% are in the high vulnerability zone. In this sense, areas 3, 7, and 4 are the most vulnerable areas of Kermanshah, respectively.
In most of the previous similar studies to check the level of vulnerability of vulnerability maps based on the area or the number of vulnerable buildings in the vulnerability zone, it is considered too high, which cannot be an accurate measure to determine the level of real vulnerability. For this purpose, in this study, in order to solve this defect, the effects of different degrees of vulnerability, including very high, high, medium, and low, have been considered for each of the sub-criteria. In order to achieve this purpose, the opinions of qualified people and experts determine the degree of importance of the effect of degrees of vulnerability in very high, high, medium, and low categories. After applying the weight of the options in terms of vulnerability, zoning maps, and tables of the vulnerability score of the areas in each of the sub-criteria, the main criteria and the overall vulnerability score of the city have been determined. Tables and maps in the criterion of physical stability, the importance of the priority of attention in the order of regions 3, 7, 5, 2, 4, 1, 8, and 6, and in the criterion of the efficiency of relief delivery in times of crisis, the importance of the regions in the order of regions 5, 3, 7, 2, 1, 4, 6, and 8. In the general vulnerability, the priority of attention is the areas 3, 7, 5, 4, 2, 1, 8, and 6. Considering the obtained results, finally, 6 general policies and 27 operational plans have been presented to reduce the vulnerability of Kermanshader City due to earthquakes.

In this study, municipal task and duties were divided to sovereign and non-profit operational ones. Then, using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and Topsis technique among those 25 non- commercial tasks, 8 main tasks were determined to be devolved to neighborhood social councils. To do this, 8 parameters were defined: internal resistance of Mashhad municipality body to task devolution, incoordination and ineffectiveness of neighborhood social councils, non-coherence and inefficiency of neighborhood councils, task conflicts, non-professionalism, external actors, neighborhood special features and legal impediments. Some of these parameters are internal (related to neighborhood councils) and some are external. Questionnaires distributed to head of neighborhood councils, city council’s members and municipality employees. It is found that preparing neighborhood experiments has the highest priority. Planning and suggesting urban plazas, supervision of sport activities in municipality regions, participation in maintenance and providing social symbols and places, participation in social harms reduction, supervision and suggesting urban furniture and equipment plans, supervision and suggesting plans for city entrance and walls and participating in civics are the next priorities respectively.

All parts of existence should be divine within the framework of Islam, so Islamic art also must obey this general rule. Any part of the house should apparently and inherently draw the attention of believers towards the God providing a peaceful place where Muslims can evolve their inner behaviors and conducts towards God. Water is a precious element that has been at the center of attention of Iranian people from ancient times before the advent of Islam. Water has become more important in the Islamic culture and wisdom after the advent of Islam, especially in the Shia religion. According to the interpretive-historical assessment of Islamic wisdom, five factors were classified under the physical characteristics category.
Moreover, 11 characteristics were identified through analysis and review of verses and narratives about the religious identity of residents in Islam. The mentioned characteristics were divided into two physical and semantic categories. These characteristics amplify each other in pairs so that the physical characteristics of water improve the semantic dimensions of religious identity. This association was examined and tested using the case study of historic and contemporary houses in Yazd City, Iran. Finally, this study provided some recommendations to strengthen and revive the jurisprudential system of using water in contemporary dwellings to promote the religious identity of contemporary houses in Yazd.

Studies show that the temperature has increased in recent decades and we are facing the heat island phenomenon. This phenomenon has a negative effect on thermal comfort of the residents, and in this sense, cities have faced many challenges, including changes in microclimates and using more energy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for thermal adjustment solutions. Considering that vegetation is one of the most common ways to improve thermal comfort in cities, this research aims to investigate how natural elements such as vegetation and water affect thermal comfort in the courtyards of a number of historical houses in Isfahan. For this purpose, a number of historical houses with central courtyard in Isfahan city are modeled and simulated by Envimet 4 software, and the results related to the changes of Predicted Mean Vote index for the first day of July are calculated. The relationship between natural elements and thermal comfort index is investigated by univariate and multiple regression methods. The changes of thermal comfort index over time show that vegetation can always improve thermal comfort in the microclimate of central courtyard. Regression analysis shows that the factor with the greatest effect on improving thermal comfort is tree cover, while grass and water have a little negative effect on thermal conditions in some hours. Trees both reduce Predicted Mean Vote under the canopy and also reduce the average of index in the whole courtyard in summers of hot arid climates.