فصلنامه انتظار موعود
سال بیست و یکم شماره 72 (بهار 1400)

Belief in the Mahdi is one of the commonalities of Islamic sects, but of course these sects differ from each other in its application and details. One of these cases is the issue of "the name of Mahdi", which played a role in the events of the first centuries of Islam. Therefore, it will be necessary to recognize the Muslim belief in the name of Mahdi to represent the roots and contexts of political and social movements at that time; as the historical study of the belief in the name of Mahdi with an evolutionary approach to provide realistic analysis, helps the process of expanding the belief of Mahdi's thought in Islamic society.
Using historical, hadith and sectalogy sources and benefiting from data analysis, the present study tries to provide a clear picture of the belief process of different Muslim groups called Mahdi. It seems that this issue has been associated with different approaches among Shiites and Sunnis. In the meantime, different Shiite groups, including the Twelver Shiite, have also had differences of opinion. Moreover, political events and the hadith heritage of the Prophet of Islam (pbuh) regarding the nominal similarity of Mahdi with himself have played a role in highlighting some names such as "Mohammad".

Experts have mentioned various characteristics for human beings and the awaiting society. "Perfectionism" is an innate trait that, from Imam Khomeini''s point of view, human beings and the awaiting society must strengthen it within itself. The question of this research is what is the origin of this perfectionism in Imam Khomeini''s thought? What are its dimensions and characteristics and what are its accessories and how can a connection be made between this characteristic and the issue of awaiting? To answer this question, the method of "content analysis" has been employed. Imam Khomeini''s material (including books, lectures, messages, and conversations) on perfectionism and awaiting has been analyzed. Based on Imam Khomeini''s thought, man and the awaiting society must strengthen the innate desire for perfection in themselves, and it requires several things: knowing the perfect man and his promised and desirable society, strengthening the desire for the perfect man and the perfect society, and finally, trying to realize the ideals and values ​​of Imam of the Time (may God hasten his appearance) They will rise to realize it. The most important action in this direction is the establishment of the Islamic government.

The hadith "Latqum al-Sa'a" is one of the most important hadiths which Ibn Arabi relied upon in proving the connection between the appearance of the promised Mahdi (pbuh) and the resurrection. According to this hadith, one of the necessary preconditions and conditions for the resurrection is the appearance of the promised Mahdi (pbuh) and then is his departure from this world to the Hereafter; because the perfect man is the manifestation of the name of Allah and His divine caliph on earth, and in his absence, the causes of resurrection will be provided for that human period. The main question of this article is that in the school of Ibn Arabi, what is the signification of the hadith of Latqum al-Sa'a and how the quality of its implication on the appearance of the promised Mahdi (as) is? From this research, which has been carried out with analytical-descriptive and critical method, it is concluded that firstly, the hadith of “Latqum” is not found in Shiite narration sources and Ibn Arabi has introduced it in his works with changes compared to what is mentioned in Sunni narration sources. Secondly, regardless of the mistake made in quoting the hadith, the basis of the claim of Ibn Arabi and the commentators of his works is correct according to the Shiite hadiths and beliefs about Mahdism.

In a successful advertising project, "speech capture and psychological impact aimed at changing the behavior of the audience", which in social psychology is interpreted as "social influence" is of very importance. Among the methods of social influence of the prophets, we can point to the simultaneous use of advice and power, persuasion of the audience, cultural understanding, building trust (through the presentation of true knowledge, benevolence and the use of supernatural forces), engineering the empirical mind of the audience (through debate, indirect discipline, staging and guiding accompaniment with the people), and continuous communication. The present article intends to examine the mentioned cases in the age of appearance with a comparative descriptive-analytical method. Accordingly, the simultaneous use of scientific enlightenment and uprising with the sword, presenting all the miracles of the prophets, engineering the empirical minds of the people by showing a complete model of Islam in the presence of Imam of the Time (as), believing the efficiency of the qualified women in the realization of the new Islamic civilization and the generous government of Imam Mahdi (as)... are considered as methods of social influence in the age of appearance.

A movement that occurred in the middle of the first half of the third AH century; (Late in the age of the presence of the infallible Imams (pbuh) had a great impact on the recognition of Imam of the Time (as) as an Imam. This deviant movement was the claim of the Imamate of Ja’far ibn Ali al-Hadi which can be investigated during the Imamate period of Askarien Imams (peace be upon them) and the beginning of occultation period of the Twelfth Imam. The present article, with a descriptive-analytical method based on historical-narrative and sectarian sources, examines the howness of claim of Ja'far's Imamate and its consequences. A step-by-step study of Ja'far's deviation and its impact and consequences on the Shiite community at that time yielded the following results a) A study of the role of Fares ibn Hatim in the claims of Ja'far ibn Ali; B) The announcement of claim of Jafar’s Imamate during the time of the Askarien Imams’ Imamate (as) and its consequences; C) Investigating the revelation of the claim of Ja'far ibn Ali after the martyrdom of Imam Hassan Askari (as) D) Examining the consequences of this claim during the occultation period, which was one of the requirements of such a claim; such as flaws in the texts of appointing the Imam, ignoring the texts of the Twelve Caliphs, influencing the rules of Shiite jurisprudence, inciting some well-known personalities to deviation, combining right and wrong, and the emergence of sects.

"Heavenly Call" is a voice made by Gabriel and at the time of appearance of Imam Mahdi (as) and all people will hear it, and thus the appearance of the Imam Mahdi (as) will be announced to the world. In this case, it is a heavenly voice that is heard by the world in a real and miraculous way by Gabriel, or it is symbolic and means a terrible sound and a natural thing that happens due to some explosions; or a symbol of divine warning and punishment; there are different views. The present study descriptively-analytically and in a library method has symbolically explained the celestial voice and seeks to answer the main question whether symbolism can be explained and justified in the celestial voice? Reasons such as the quality of the spread of the heavenly voice, the content of the voice and the possibility of using the symbolic heavenly voice in the sense of divine warning and punishment have been raised for symbolism in the heavenly voice; but none of them is strong enough. Therefore, the symbolic view in the heavenly voice is not acceptable.