نشریه مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا
پیاپی 2 (تابستان 1400)

iots of 2020 in many American cities and demonstrations and protests by anti-racist groups in this country once again drew public attention to the issue of racism in the US and its deep roots. Despite considerable changes in the recent decades, research shows that the US still suffers from racism, and race is still the source of deep problems in US society. “Race” will continue to be the source of social problems in the US for many years to come and any endeavor to show that America no longer suffers from racism tells us that race still matters. The present study draws on the data from a recent PEW study in the US, and after separating black and white respondents, compares perceptions of these two groups on different issues. Findings indicated that the race gap in the US is not limited to police misbehavior or economic equality and encompasses many other issues.

In this article, after defining the concept of "expulsion" and determining its examples, the issue of the US presence in the Persian Gulf region is discussed. After Britain withdrew from the Persian Gulf in 1972, the United States emerged as the dominant power in the region. This presence emerged in various dimensions and levels and reached its peak after the war imposed by Saddam's regime against the Islamic Republic of Iran in the form of the maximum presence of the US military in this water area. The present article seeks to answer the question, "What are the layers and levels of US expulsion from the Persian Gulf region?" It should be said that in case of US expulsion from the Persian Gulf, the manner and nature of this withdrawal will depend entirely on the US presence in the region, especially in its southern margin. answering the question, the thre fold layers of the US presence in the region, including military presence, cultural hegemony, and presence as a supporter of the region's political systems, will be discussed. In fact, the expulsion of the United States from the region will be a function of the above three layers, and any plan to expel the United States from the region must be designed and implemented based on the above three levels.

After the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States enhanced an undisputed power (hegemon) because of its superiority in power. In the 21st century, the global hegemonic position of the United States of America has confronted modern challenges due to global developments, international order, and changing international politics. In this regard, the critical question of the present study is whether, in the second decade of the present century, Has the United States maintained its position and power of hegemony? Findings showed the United States is no longer a hegemon. In terms of its power in the field of hard power, it still maintains a it’s leading position in the field of armed power, but in the field of economic power and comparing the economic growth of China, it is clear that the position of the US economy is more insecure than before. It is no longer considered the only superior power in this field. In the field of soft power and the sector of culture, there is a relative decline in education, and in the sector of values and legitimacy, because of US foreign policy based on "America First" and unilateral actions, the relative decline in a liberal hegemonic order based on democracy. And US security assurance, the US soft power sphere is relatively declining. As a result, it can be stated that the United States has seen a relative decline in its capabilities. The present study is descriptive/analytical research .

Foreign policy, especially in the field of action, is one of the signs and manifestations of the level of power and position of each actor in the structure of the international system, because it is generally adopted based on domestic, regional and international capabilities, capacities, restrictions and restrictions. This study seeks to answer the question of what position the new foreign policy of the United States of America defines for the country in the structure of the international system, considering the requirements and components of the foreign policy of a superpower in the structure of the international system. This article attempts to examine the position of the United States of America as a superpower in the structure of the international system by analyzing the actions and reactions, orientations, biases of the new foreign policy of this country and also using propositions and concepts derived from existing theories of international relations. And foreign policy that explains the position of actors in the hierarchy of power in the structure of the international system also,describing the requirements and components of a superpower and compare the new US foreign policy to examine its new position in the structure of the international system. Looking at US foreign policy, both in the short-term, medium-term and long-term goals, and in actions such as anti-institutional measures, reducing the power of international consensus through persuasion, reducing forward options, increasing passivity in important regional and international cases affecting The balance of power is witnessing developments that show the decline of the country's position in the structure of the international system from a systemic superpower and hegemony to the position of a major world power.

he post-Cold War US military strategy was in line with hegemony and environmental change, especially September 11th event, when neoconservatives embraced the concepts of absolute security, prevention, and pre-emptive warfare in the fight against terrorism in the West Asian region. There have been several developments. Subsequently, in US national security approaches, the issue of focusing more on the Asia-Pacific region was raised, and with liberal hegemony in Obama’s presidential period, multilateralism was emphasized. Trump's coming to power, in addition to his unconventional behavior with repulsion policies, raises the question of what the dimensions of the US government's grand approach are. With these definitions, the present study seeks to answer the question; what components of the US military-security strategy are during the Trump era to seek hegemony in the United States, in terms of principles, targeting, and definition of threats, by examining the strategic documents of the United States from 2017 to 2020. And executive measures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to outline the framework of the US military-security strategy and to make meaningful the behaviors of this country in order to maintain hegemony. The hypothesis of the present study is that the US military-security strategy under Trump continues to be defined as a consistent principle in the US efforts to achieve hegemonic order in the international system and by reviving and maximizing the country's power in the event of a return to power. The US priority threat will be realized. Multilateral defense, rebuilding military power, indirect intervention, security trade, and redistribution of security spending have been the main executive policies to objectify this military-security strategy. The type of this applied research is descriptive-analytical research method with qualitative approach and library data collection method.

The acceleration of Latin immigration to the United States due to identity differences with the ruling whites including their religious adherence to Catholicism, their collective bond and living in separate colonies, speaking their particular language, high fertility rate, bond With their original homeland and the efforts of their activists to win state and federal seats has raised concerns. Some observers and analysts hope they absorb to the prevailing political culture, while others cite the widening of the racial divide and the addition of Latinos to the black front as a prelude to the collapse of the US. Our question is: what are the scenarios for cultural and political change in America in the 2020s due to the increasing presence of Latinos? Under what conditions will a new capacity be gained for the two ruling parties to gain power, and under what circumstances will cultural differences lead to social and political conflicts? Data collection is done by referring to existing sources and analyzing it by futuristic scenario writing method of consecutive events, and finally the consequences of each of them in the field of US culture and politics are explained. in author’s view, although the more rational and practical way is to maximize racial integration in a new America, the continuation of the current trend tends to lead to a scenario of social and political collapse.