نشریه مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1400)

One-dimensional analysis of power within the framework of realism and in an anarchical international system will not provide the scholars with a comprehensive understanding of power transformation and its effect on the structure of international system. However, with this respect, the theories of power transition due to their hierarchical understanding of power, international system and its agents provide a rich theoretical ground for the analysis of the impact of power transformation on the hierarchical structure of international system. Thus, drawing a parallel between the theoretical frameworks of this study and the power transition theories seems essential for the purpose of discovering power-oriented structural-hegemonic transformation of international system since the proposition of power transition theories. As a result, parallel with the power transition theories, the present study aimed at analyzing the way the hexagon transformation of power structure changes the structure of international system and the hegemonic position of the United States. To achieve such an analysis, the present study renders ‘the international power momentum formula’ and ‘the hexagon structure of power’ encompassing six categories of knowledge-based economic power, technological healthcare system, the virtual and cyber supremacy, the geopolitical dominance, and technological military power. the results indicate that the transformation of international power from military-economic to innovative-technologic will lead into the macro transformation of international system from hierarchical to binary systems with the leadership of U.S. and China whose systemic effect is not the power transition but power division and allotment.

In this article, after defining the concept of 'expulsion' and determining its examples, the issue of the US presence in the Persian Gulf region is discussed. After the formal withdrawal of Britain from the Persian Gulf in 1972, the United States emerged as the dominant power in the region. This presence appeared in different dimensions and levels. And reached its peak after the war imposed by Saddam's regime against the Islamic Republic of Iran, in the form of the maximum presence of the US military fleet in this watershed. The present article tries to answer the question that if the issue of US expulsion from the Persian Gulf is realized, the manner and nature of this withdrawal will depend entirely on the US presence in the region, especially in its southern periphery. What layers and surfaces will the Persian Gulf region cover? In answer to this question, the threefold stratification of the US presence in the region, including military presence, cultural hegemony, and presence as a supporter of the region's political systems, will be discussed. The expulsion of the United States from the region must be designed and implemented on the basis of the above three levels.

The rapid and steady growth of China's economy has led to profound changes in the world economy and the creation of new equations in the political, economic and cultural spheres at the international level. One of the most important of these developments is the impact of China Economy on US economic power in balance and the global economy as a whole. This article addresses the question of whether China's economic developments have affected US economic power. Research findings show that China's economy has been able to reduce the US economic power by capturing a higher share of world GDP, along with increasing its exports to various countries and overtaking the US, as well as creating a severe trade deficit for the US economy.  From this perspective, the US-China trade war can be justified and interpreted, and the continuation of this economic war could lead to a losing game for both countries. The US economy is at a crossroads between accepting China's economic power and reducing its influence or accepting a losing game, which in any case will be an unpleasant end for the US economy.

Long-standing anti-Americanism thinking Which was first revealed in opposition to American culture and civilization; And later in opposition to the policies of this country It did not have a specific geographical area And it has intensified in many countries. But anti-Americanism in the Islamic Republic of Iran had global reflection more than any other country. After the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy and the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Foreign relations between Iran and the United States changed from interaction to confrontation. The main question of the article is "Why was anti-Americanism formed in the Islamic Republic and how does this opposition take place?" In response, the authors sought to provide a comprehensive and transparent answer to these two questions while defining and analyzing anti-American genealogy using descriptive and analytical methods. Findings show that on the one hand, the conflict between worldview and ideology has caused a negative attitude and motivation towards American culture and civilization. On the other hand, the hostile actions of the United States have provoked a reaction from the Islamic Republic of Iran. But this anti-Americanism is nonviolent and rooted in the goals of the Islamic Revolution and means confronting oppression at the regional and global levels.

After 1980s, the United States faced a crisis of power and hegemony.1990 marks the beginning of China's economic development and rise to power, and the beginning of its process of gaining political position and influence in the international system. The economic crisis in the capitalist system provided an opportunity for China to create a favorable environment for investment in its country. Since the ability to establish and maintain international regimes and treaties is an integral part of a hegemonic power, the Trump administration withdrew from many international treaties for short-term economic gain. China, meanwhile, has become the largest trading partner for many countries, and its accession to the World Trade Organization has boosted its position in the global economy. In this regard, the present article seeks to answer the fundamental question of what effect does China's new position in the international system have on American hegemony? Ongoing research in the context of Robert Gilpin's theory of hegemony seeks to test the hypothesis that China's new position, which stems from its political and economic upheaval, has challenged US hegemonic position and that Trump's neo-conservative foreign policy is accelerating the process. Has done. Using descriptive-analytical method and using library and Internet resources, the present article examines the factors that cause the decline of hegemonic power and analyzes the position of both countries

The concept of American decline was for the first time used by theoreticians such as Imanuel Wallerstein. Wallerstein offered the theory of cycles of hegemony, which focused on the decline and weakening of American relative power. The core of Wallerstein’s idea was the decline of the US power vis-à-vis dollar and gold. In the post-cold war era, the US situation in global politics and economy declined more than ever. The US in the 21st century became engaged in endless wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Libya, Yemen and many other geographical regions. The surprise withdrawal of the US forces from Afghanistan under President Biden demonstrated that war and peace lacked the formations of tactical and strategic action. The said developments indicated that the US capabilities have gradually declined, making new waves of crises and conflicts in the region inevitable. The main question of the present paper is as follows: What factors have affected the gradual decline of America? The hypothesis of this paper is as follows: Unilateralism and endless conflicts of the United States in the crisis-ridden regions are among the factors that have led to an increase in strategic costs of the United States. Structural neorealism approach has been used in this paper. Merchheimer mentioned that the US role in endless regional crises led to the increase in strategic costs of this country. Data and content analysis has been used in this research.