فصلنامه شهرسازی و معماری هویت محیط
پیاپی 7 (تابستان 1400)

Lack of attention to the meaning in contemporary architecture has made man thirstier for truth of existence and purification of the soul, and space is a key for solving this problem. If space is originated from the existential roots and be full of meaning, it can lead him to the Supreme Being as a strong bridge. The shrine is one of these spaces that regardless of its terrestrial body, has an extraterrestrial purpose, so in its architecture, meaning must play a major role, and this purpose does not happen except with archetypal architecture. Therefore, this study seeks to use a combined method (qualitative-quantitative) from a phenomenological perspective to gain an understanding of archetypical design solutions in Iranian shrines so that the sacred buildings that are built using these achievements can cause the creature to connect with the divine source through communication with the collective human subconscious and a range of human history. In the present research, first the theories of experts about archetypes are examined, then by qualitative method, the criteria obtained in the theoretical framework are evaluated in case studies and through it a questionnaire is prepared and after scoring by experts, statistical analysis of data Used using SPSS software. The results show that all archetypal indicators have a hidden meaning and using them both in form (body and function) and (sign and meaning) creates shrines that are able to communicate with the collective subconscious. Finally, based on this, solutions were developed for the design of shrines.

This study has been formed with the aim of evaluating re-creation projects and their impact on achieving sustainable urban development. For this purpose, 4 re-creation projects have been studied in Tehran, which have been studied using content analysis method. A total of 107 indicators have been extracted in four aspects: social, economic, physical and livability. The average quality score of the 4 recreating projects reviewed in terms of project preparation is 17.5 out of 50, the quality score of project implementation by the municipality is 16.8 on average, which indicates that the projects that are currently being reviewed. These scores do not adequately reflect the basic concepts of urban sustainability. In general, the results show that in most designs, according to the existing approaches, the focus is on specific indicators. The results show that the indicators of the energy sector and sustainable transportation have the lowest scores. Poor results have also been estimated in the implementation of these projects. The results of PLS ​​statistical analysis also show that the main dimensions in this study, according to experts, focus on the physical dimension as the most important variable. Also, the physical dimension with 4.229 has the highest level of factor and the economic variable with 1.195 has the lowest level of factor in achieving sustainable development in the heart of re-creation projects. They are in the second and third ranks. According to the results, it is clear that the institutions in charge of this matter should adopt alignment policies in the preparation and implementation of these plans.

Iranian Takiyehs, which epitomize the link among time, place, and people, are unique as they are the only open urban spaces with religious function in the Muslim urban-planning culture. Understanding the architectural features and the design principles in such buildings can contribute to the physical continuity of a culture in its environment and also to the identification of Iranian cities. This paper and research answered to two questions: First, what factors contributed to the formation of the structure of the Mo’aven Al-Molk Takiyeh? And second, did a particular pattern contribute to the formation of the ratios, the skeleton, and the architectural spaces of the Takiyeh? To this end, the ratios, the accessibility and the hierarchy of the sections of the Takiyeh were examined in order to fulfill the objective of this paper; that is, to identify the spatial-structural pattern of the Mo’aven Al-Molk Takiyeh of Kermanshah. Therefore, a descriptive-analytical method was used to conduct the study. Data collection procedures included library studies, documentary studies including the examination of the existing plans, field observations, measuring the dimensions, and matching the existing plans to the findings, which resulted in identifying the original pattern of the building prior to its restoration and renovation. The obtained results showed that following the central courtyard design due to the cold climatic conditions of the region and considering the introversion issue are among the factors affecting the structural design of this valuable monument. Furthermore, other factors such as the ratio of the open to closed spaces, the spatial interconnection and hierarchy, the clarity, and the balance of the sections of this monument have given rise to the cohesive skeleton and configuration of its structure, despite the fact that its sections were joined together at different times.

Today, human beings have needed more peace than ever before due to unrest and worries. Today, the desire to use methods to prevent diseases, including the use of holistic methods of complementary medicine, has become increasingly popular among citizens. Ayurveda has brought a precise combination of science and art of healthy living to citizens in a way that not only improves their lifestyle, but also brings them back to life, creates a sense of peace of mind and improves their physical condition. It has also been very important. Thus, in addition to harmonizing the inner world and the outer world of human beings, Ayurveda has improved the quality of everyday life of its citizens. The research method in the present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The method of data collection has also been according to the use of library studies or documentary studies. On the other hand, in this study, the purpose of qualitative study of the theories presented is to explain the principles and components of Ayurvedic knowledge in the design of complementary medicine centers, which has been made possible using descriptive-analytical research method. As a result, the use of the principles of Westustra, which is the architectural manifestation of Ayurveda, consists of paying attention to the principles of using simple forms as well as the principles of geographical directions, which are effective and desirable in designing Ayurvedic complementary medicine centers. Provided by the citizens.

Nowadays, in many cities in Iran, Specifically Tehran, there is no optimal coordination between the buildings facades and the socio-cultural context and the identity of the city, which causes numerous visual disturbances and psychological damage to citizens and buildings users. The following research seeks to explain and prioritize solutions to improve the adaptability of the facades of residential buildings in Tehran with the cultural context and the identity of the city through descriptive-analytical and survey research methods. For this purpose, after explaining the components of identity in the urban landscape as well as strategies for implementing culture in urban landscapes, internal and external factors affecting the adaptation of urban landscapes to the cultural context evaluate based on SWOT technique and consequently provide questionnaires to experts in the field of architecture and urban planning in order to prioritize the adaptation strategies of residential buildings in Tehran with a cultural context. Findings show that the use of materials for memory and identity to residents with a value of T 3.24, attention to behavioral patterns of residents with a value of T 3.45 and the use of historical values in the area as a sign with the value of statistics T-3.84 play the greatest role in identifying buildings and adapting the residential buildings facades to the cultural context of the city.

Today, with increasing population, in most developed countries, livability is considered as a principle in the framework of sustainability. Sustainability means the ability of an environment to meet the biological needs of residents, both material and immaterial, in order to improve the quality of life and create an environment for the flourishing of citizens' capabilities. It is argued that livability assessment can help implement some of the new urban plans with a variety of approaches by providing a descriptive method for assessing urban environments and their quality. Creating a happy urban atmosphere has also been one of the demands of experts in recent decades. Therefore, paying attention to issues related to the quality of urban life and livability is felt as a basic need in developed societies. The feeling of satisfaction and happiness is one of the basic characteristics of individual and social life, which is directly related to living conditions and social relations. In this study, urban spaces and the relationship between them were evaluated through components such as flexibility, readability, physical diversity and permeability. The concept of viability and evaluation of the above factors were examined. Based on the theoretical foundations and theories presented by experts as well as studies conducted in relation to the good city, solutions (mentioned in the findings section) were introduced. They can be useful to some extent in solving problems and creating a pleasant urban space for residents. By understanding the needs of mothers and their children in the urban environment and considering spaces for leisure, creating a safe space for the use of bicycles, while creating a suitable collective space and applying diversity in different ways in the city, also increases air pollution. Convenient routing, etc., each of which is a subset of efficient urban components, are the resulting solutions.