نشریه دانش انتظامی سمنان
سال دهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 38، زمستان 1399)

This study examined how neighborhood conditions changed and how neighborhood conditions were associated with physical activity and mental health during the COVID-91 pandemic among Americans. The major outcomes were stratified by the neighborhood's poverty and regression models were used to assess the associations between neighborhood conditions and their change during the pandemic and the outcomes of physical activity and mental health. The results show that low-poverty neighborhoods had more health-promoting neighborhood conditions before the outbreak and more positive changes during the outbreak. Health-promoting neighborhood conditions were associated with higher physical activity and moderate physical activity and lack of negative neighborhood conditions such as crime/violence and traffic were associated with a lower risk of mental health problems including loneliness, depression, and anxiety. Mental health problems were also significantly associated with the COVID-91infection and death and household income level. Our findings suggest that it is plausible that the disparities of physical activity and mental health by neighborhood exacerbate due to the pandemic and people who living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods bear increasingly disproportionate burden.

Today, the main role of the mass media is to create a culture of information education and social participation. The importance of the media in response is such that some sociologists and researchers attribute the role of education and training to the press, radio and television, so mass media in addition to the important role of educational news guide and leadership in building and preparing people for life They are social and increase advertising. Any means of mass communication used to attract the attention of building trust and confidence, have a promotional role. Among these, television is one of the powerful arms in the field of advertising due to its unique feature that is responsible for sending video messages to the farthest points. In addition, compared to other mass media, television is considered to be the strongest media among the media due to the use of sound and motion image. One of the factors in reducing crime in Tehran is in addition to this research article, we have a live study of the factors that cause some positive attitudes in society in television programs and examine them in the prevention of driving crimes.

The purpose of this study was to identify the causes of couples' tendency to marital infidelity and its social and security consequences in Semnan province. This research is a survey researcher-made questionnaire. The unit of analysis in this study is the individual. The statistical population of this study includes all couples residing in Semnan province in 1977. The sampling method was multi-stage, systematic and simple random sampling.The sample size is 384 according to Cochran formula. According to the results, independent variables (social capital, social learning, social control) account for 0.44% of the variance of the dependent variable (tendency to marital infidelity). Considering the impact factor of each of the independent variables, it can be said that the effect of social learning variable on marital infidelity tendency is negative and strong and the effect of social capital variable on marital infidelity tendency is negative and relatively strong. Social control also has a negative and moderate effect. Positive effect means increasing tendency to marital infidelity and negative effect means decreasing tendency to marital infidelity.

The police force is the most important organization in charge of order and security in the society, and it seems necessary to address their behavioral issues and problems. Officers use legal means to establish security and order, but; Sometimes, some officers inflict beatings on the accused while on duty; Officers' violence against defendants reduces indicators of social security and trust. The purpose of this study is to identify effective methods of criminal prevention of crimes focusing on the crime of assault and injury of law enforcement personnel and their prioritization. This research is a survey in terms of type of application and descriptive in terms of research method. Due to the dimensions of research variables, a quantitative method has been used. The statistical population is the police officers of Semnan province that 66 people were randomly selected by probabilistic sampling of systematic classes who were given a questionnaire and its validity through content validity and its reliability through Cronbach's calculation (a = 94%) Was evaluated. Cochran's test was used to calculate the sample size. The most important findings obtained from data analysis indicate that individual factors affecting the incidence of violence, dissatisfaction with salaries and benefits in the first place, dissatisfaction with the job in the second place and the presence of a spirit of violence and aggression in the third place has it.

The urban environment has different effects on urban spaces andcitizens 'lives, the most important of which is the increase in crimeand the decrease in citizens' sense of security. The phenomenon of theft and urban insecurity is somehow related to the order andsecurity of the country and due to the psychological and physicaldamage to the lost property, leads toinsecurity in society. One ofthe strategies to prevent crime and consequently theft is to preventcrime through environmental design and attention to thegeographical environment of crime. The purpose of this study wasto investigate the environmental conditions in the occurrence oftheft. The research method was descriptive-analytical based on library and field studies. Findings of the study emphasize theimportance of the role of location in Shahroud in the amount and frequency of robbery. It shows that the role and effect of the bodyand physics of cities and the proper design of urban spaces and biological complexes have had a direct impact on crime reductionand prevention. Therefore, considering the relationship betweendefenseless spaces and the crime of theft, by reducing defenselessspaces and paying attention to the crime scene and proper design of the environment, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of somecrimes.

In ancient history, children had criminal responsibility. The written laws do not have specific provisions for the irresponsibility of minors, but there is evidence that children didn't have criminal responsibility or reduced responsibility until they reached a certain age. with the advent of religions and sects, the criminal responsibility of minors was completely eliminated. Accordingly, in this paper, we examine and analyze the criminal responsibility of children throughout history.In ancient history, children had criminal responsibility. The written laws do not have specific provisions for the irresponsibility of minors, but there is evidence that children didn't have criminal responsibility or reduced responsibility until they reached a certain age. with the advent of religions and sects, the criminal responsibility of minors was completely eliminated. Accordingly, in this paper, we examine and analyze the criminal responsibility of children throughout history. In ancient history, children had criminal responsibility. The written laws do not have specific provisions for the irresponsibility of minors, but there is evidence that children didn't have criminal responsibility or reduced responsibility until they reached a certain age. with the advent of religions and sects, the criminal responsibility of minors was completely eliminated. Accordingly, in this paper, we examine and analyze the criminal responsibility of children throughout history.