نشریه دانش انتظامی سمنان
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 23، بهار 1396)

The complex social life creates various legal relationships. Among these relationships is the legal responsibility of a person against another person. This responsibility is sometimes created as a result of a violation of a contractual obligation, and occasionally incurred by a person who has suffered damage to another person. The harm that a person enters as a result of a verb or leaving a harmful act may be material or spiritual. Material loss also has two sides: loss of wealth or deprivation of interest, which is most often referred to as "non-profit", is of great importance. The reason for this is that, although this category of damages constitutes a large part of the damage done to the person, there are, on the one hand, the demand for these issues, and, on the other hand, the legislator reacts at various times to It has been expressed. Based on this, and considering that nonproliferation issues can be dealt with many issues that are not mentioned in the field of laws, including non-profit-making, its separation from profit and so on, the present research has tried to decompose the most important topics. And subject to scientific analysis.

Following the emergence of theoretical thoughts on the idea that lifestyle and daily activities have an important impact on the extent of crime, numerous scholars in sociology and criminology have tested this hypothesis. In the same vein, after the Entrance of the concept of "fear of crime" into the field of crime studies, the impact of lifestyle on the fear of crime was also considered. Initially, major investigations in the fear of crime took into account the real space. But after the growth of the cyber field and the enticement of humans, this aspect of life has also been called into question. Thus, research on cybercrime and cyber space today forms one of the most important research topics. Therefore, in this study by using Social Survey method and questionnaire tool, we examine the relationship between lifestyle and daily activity on fear of crime. The sample consisted of 368 residents of Semnan city, selected by multistage sampling method including stratify, cluster and random sampling methods. The results of the research indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between lifestyle of individuals and their activities in cyberspace and social networks on the one hand, and fears of cybercrime on the other. It should be noted that according to the results, not only the amount of negative activities (high-risk behaviors) but also the amount of positive Internet activities (using the Internet and social networks for work and normal activities) have a impact in fear of cybercrime. However, there is not a meaningful relationship between demographic variables (excluding gender) and fear of cybercrime

Legal and police assistance is one of the main interpol measures to combat transnational crime in its general sense (organized and non-organized), although police assistance is a subset of legal aid, but with legal support mostly between authorities Legal and judicial orders are carried out through diplomatic channels, and police assistants are most often specialized and technical, and in the process of detecting and prosecuting the underlying crimes, most legal aid is provided. The international community, with the sense of need and also aware of the destructive effects of transnational crimes and in order to preserve the principles of the sovereignty of countries, has formed an organization called the International Criminal Police.The purpose of this article is to form the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), various parts of the organization (Interpol), the functions of the organization (Interpol), legal and police assistance, the role of Interpol in providing legal assistance, the role of Interpol in legal assistance in International Documentation, Interpol, and Extradition of Criminals.

According to the Hague Agreement, since 1930, the principles of nationality are respected in the countries: the principle of the necessity of the citizenship of the principle of the citizenship of the unit and the principle of the nationality of citizenship. But, despite the efforts made at the national and international levels to comply with these principles, we sometimes face people who are stateless or have more than one nationality. According to some French lawyers, such as Henry Batiffol, an irregularity due to a negative conflict between citizenship and dual citizenship arises from the positive conflict of nationality.Now, with the emergence of different countries in the international arena and the differences between the legal system governing them and the rules of the various systems of granting citizenship in each country, and legal relations with individuals and with their respective governments, it has become more dual citizenship in some cases for the people

Over the past decade, numerous crime prevention programs have been implemented in all parts of the German school. Although several violent attacks have taken place in German schools over the last 12 years, the emergence of crime prevention programs in the education sector can not be simply viewed as a response to the increase in juvenile crime. Following the writings of Michel Foucault on power and governance, and the perception of the outcomes of the analysis of the discourse of crime prevention programs and political speeches, we argue that crime prevention in German schools represents a new method for Control the childhood period. Although we are focusing on Germany, our findings may firstly create an international tendency in educational policy that has previously led to the emergence of socio-structural problems and turn them into local solutions, and secondly, to It seeks to create a childhood infrastructure that makes children feel that they are responsible for their own safety, while at the same time children and young people are at the core of the vast majority of social control through regional networks

Undoubtedly, one of the basic human needs is security. Security is an essential element in any social system, which states assign their first priority to establishing it in society. Security has two main dimensions: the sense of security and real security. These two dimensions are not necessarily the same, despite their very close relationship. The real security is a series of mathematical calculations, based on the probability of various risks and the effectiveness of preventive security measures. By doing this, one can say how much people's homes are safe from robbery in a neighborhood, or how likely it is to kill a person on the street. Doing this is not a problem. This is what many permanent insurance companies are doing; but there is another dimension of security that is based not on probabilistic mathematical calculations but on individual psychological responses to threats. This dimension, called "sense of security", is often a mental affair, and is different from person to person. Therefore, in the same security, different people may have different security feelings (Schneider quoted Hassannew: 1390.29). The sense of security is a state of affairs that does not threaten society with fear of its legitimate rights and freedoms, and in no way endangers their rights. The objective and external meaning of security, and the sense of security, are an inner and subjective concept. According to many experts, the sense of security in a society is more important than being objective (Moawad, Hemmat, 55: 1392). Having a sense of security is the first prerequisite for progress and the achievement of sustainable development for the civilized society. (Hashemianfar et al., 1392). If we look at the countries of the world, we will find that they are paying a lot of attention to security, because this is a prerequisite for any development in the economic, political, social, cultural and other dimensions. Without security, there will be no progress in development and progress in planning (Hassanwand, 1391). Human beings will dominate the nature, escape from insecurity and threat, satisfy their basic needs and, in a word, achieve safety and safety, social life chose. In the meantime, in the context of the expansion of social gatherings and the complexity of social relations, they entered a variety of relationships that differentiated the spheres of life under the social, economic, political, and cultural divisions, ... and overturned its security. Thus, with the gathering and formation of society, mankind created a new bedrock to threaten his own security, which arose from his collective life. He, who formed society to escape the insecurity and sense of security, soon found that his burden of security was threatened not only by nature and by natural factors, but by human beings and various social, economic and political factors. Therefore, his constant concern for achieving a sense of security emerged in the new category, entitled "Social Security Sense." (Bahri Pour, 2012). The security of the person and society is deemed to be the needs and necessities of a person and society whose lack or disturbance in those consequences and reflections are disturbing and It is dangerous that civil society, in order to live up to its growth and achieve high levels of growth, needs security and tranquility which, with the growth of social crimes and social deviations, causes the most insecure and leaning faces in society. (Bahri Pour, 2: 1391) The realization of a sense of security will create a sense of courage and confidence in individuals and can be the basis of their success in society. Similarly, feelings of insecurity create tension, anxiety, restlessness, vague fears of impending calamities and even mental illness. (Hassanwand et al., 1392)Empirical evidence in Iranian society shows that social security and the feeling of it are not in a very favorable situation. A poll from the Center for Iranian Student Thinking Center (ISPA) suggests that 81% of Iranians feel insecure (Hackers, 2005: 154). In a survey conducted in 2004 and 2005 on measuring the level of social security of the provincial centers of the provinces, the average insecurity rate in the provinces of the country in 2004 was equal to 15/79. In 2005, the average insecurity in the community was 93.1 and the average insecurity rate was 58.9% (Bahri Pour, 4: 1391)Given what has been said, addressing the issue of security and the social and cultural factors affecting it is one of the main concerns of each country. Accordingly, this research intends to identify the various social and cultural factors affecting the sense of social security of citizens, with emphasis on the variable of social trust in improving the status quo.Social trust is the set of expectations that are learned in the process of socialization, and individuals have expectations of individuals, groups, organizations and institutions that are in the community. To operate social trust as an independent variable, referring to past research in three dimensions is the interpersonal, institutional, and generalized trust. (Mokhtari et al., 2012). Social trust is one of the key concepts of social science and is one of the vital components of social capital and the most important aspect of human relationships. Many social thinkers know trust as a sensation that leads to co-operation, and thus trust, while encouraging voluntary, innovative and creative activities, encourages individuals to mobilize in collective work. Social trust is a concept that manifests itself in the process of social relations between individuals and community organizations. Trust is the feeling of social relations and has a direct relationship with the amount of social relationships. So that's the amount of social trust between individuals, groups and organizations The social status of the society is greater, as much as social relations are more diverse, more stable and more stable. (Shardy Manahaji, 64: 1393)