نشریه خانواده درمانی کاربردی
سال دوم شماره 5 (پیاپی 9، زمستان 1400)

The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of workplace spirituality on the relationship of Meaning of Life and family cohesion of teachers in COVID-19.

Method was descriptive- correlation. Population was married woman and man teachers of elementary schools in academic year 2020-2021 in the region 18 of Tehran. According to the table of Krejcie & Morgan (1970) and using multi cluster sampling 175 participants with inclusion criteria were selected and completed the questionnaires of Samani, s (2006) family cohesion, Milliman, s workplace spirituality and Salehi, s (2005) Meaning of Life. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and hierarchy regression.

The results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between Meaning of Life and family cohesion of teachers in COVID-19 (p<0.01). The results of hierarchy regression showed that workplace spirituality significantly mediate on the relation of Meaning of Life and family cohesion of teachers in COVID-19 (p<0.01).

The results show evidence that meaning of life increase family cohesion of teachers through moderate conceptualization in work and marital life. workplace spirituality indirectly effects they conceptualize moderately and efficiently meaning of life. Therefore, in order to promote family cohesion of teachers in COVID-19, it is necessary, pay attention to their meaning of life and workplace spirituality.

The corona pandemic disrupts many of a person's daily sports activities; And had devastating effects on athletes, especially female and child athletes. Identifying the negative consequences of this problem and providing practical solutions using the lived experiences of people related to the subject of the present study was.

This is a qualitative, applied research and was conducted using the phenomenological approach in the Colaizzi method in 2021. The statistical population includes people related to the subject; Parents (sports coaches and faculty members) and female athletes were children and adolescents who were directly related to the research topic. Purposeful sampling method and as long as it was possible to extract completely non-repetitive concepts from the interviews; 18 interviews were conducted in a semi-structured environment in the natural environment in Mazandaran province.

By analyzing research information; The negative consequences of corona on female athletes 61 basic concepts and 4 sub-themes; It has psychological, social and communication effects, physical, leisure and recreational.

Considering the negative consequences of the research, it is necessary to deal with it such as; Establishing a deeper emotional relationship between parents and female athletes, creating a calm and non-violent environment at home, increasing social support by adults, continuous assessment of the mental and physical condition of female athletes, creating a happy atmosphere at home, parents paying attention to bedtime Athlete girls, pay attention to changes in individual behaviors, strengthen communication skills, parental supervision over the use of social networks by female athletes, and play mental and motor games at home to deal with the negative consequences of coronation on female athletes.

Childhood is one of the most important life periods of individuals, and care and attention to the physical and psychological health of children affect their quality of life in adulthood. One of the important components of mental health is acquiring skills and social growth. The purpose of this study was to study the children socialization challenges during the pandemic of COVID-19.

In this study, 12 working and housewife mothers were purposefully selected and interviewed by a semi-structured interview.

The findings of this study, which was analyzed by content analysis, resulted in eight main themes, which include: Lack of social attachment due to absence, Harmful virtual relationships, Mood and personality challenges, Disorder in the process of self-regulation cultivation, Lack of learning impulse inhibition, Learn to excel through immoral behavior, Maternal fusion and lack of child independence, and Reducing the supportive role of the mother and her burnout.

The present study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic period and the restriction of children from being in social environments and interacting with others, their social development has faced challenges; therefore, it is suggested that future research be conducted in future research method to prevent the harmful effects of children's socialization challenges.

The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between family functioning and symptoms of eating disorder in adolescents during home quarantine duo to COVID-19.

The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population consisted of all students aged 13 to 18 years in Tehran in the academic year of 2019-2020. Among them, 384 individuals were selected by convenient sampling method. Family functioning Questionnaire (Faces-III) by olson (1986), Eating Disorders Diagnostic Scale (EDDS) by stice et al (2000), and self-esteem scale (RSES) by Rosenberg (1965) were used to measure the variables. Data were analyzed through mediation analysis using AMOS software.

The results of the mediation analysis showed that the direct effect of family functioning on symptoms of eating disorder was significant (p<0/01; β -= 0/317). The indirect effect of family functioning on symptoms of eating disorder through self-esteem was also significant (p<0/05; β = -0/056).

The present study has provided some evidence regarding the importance of the family psychological atmosphere in the occurrence and exacerbation of the adolescents’ symptoms of eating disorder during quarantine due to COVID-19. These results can provide a framework for developing novel prevention and therapeutic programs at different levels of eating disorder.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of couple therapy training with eis model on marital conflict and marital boredom in infertile women during quarantine due to COVID-19.

The present research design was a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study consists of all women with infertility problems referred to the offices of obstetricians and gynecologists in Kermanshah. 80 of these people (40 people undergoing couples therapy training with EIS model and 40 people in the control group) will be selected as a sample, and this number will be selected using the available sampling method. The inclusion criteria of the subjects in this study included the age range of 30 to 40 years, having at least 5 years of infertility and infertility. Marital Conflict Scales (MCQ R), Marital Boredom Questionnaire (CBM) and couple therapy training model EIS (empathy, intimacy, sexual satisfaction) were used. For data analysis, mixed model repeated-measures analysis of variance was used using SPSS23 software.

The results showed that EIS couple therapy training has been effective on marital conflicts and marital boredom of infertile women (P<0/05) and their rate has decreased in marital relationships and this effect has remained lasting until the follow-up stage (P<0/05).

Participating in EIS couple therapy training sessions improves marital conflict and marital boredom and is a good way to reduce marital conflict and marital boredom in marital relationships.

The purpose of this prediction was women's sexual satisfaction based on marital commitment, marital intimacy and attachment styles during the COVID-19.

The statistical population of this study consisted of all married women in Taft city with a number of more than 100 thousand people, of whom 138 people were selected as the research sample based on the proposed formula of Tabachenik & Fidel (2007) and available sampling method. They completed Yavari Kermani and Bahreiniyan Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (2009), Marital Commitment of Adams and Jones (1997), Marital Intimacy Questionnaire of Stephan, Vanden Brouck & Hans Bertommen (1997) and Besharat (2000) Attachment Questionnaire online. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis in SPSS-26 were used to analyze the data.

The results of data analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between marital commitment (commitment to spouse, commitment to marriage and feeling of commitment), intimacy of couples (intimacy index, agreement, honesty, love and adherence to commitments) and secure attachment style with sexual satisfaction (P <0.05). In addition, the results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant negative relationship between avoidant and ambivalent / anxious attachment style with sexual satisfaction (P <0.05). The results of multiple regression in a stepwise model also showed that the component of commitment to marriage; the components of love and affection and the degree of agreement and secure attachment style were able to predict sexual satisfaction (P <0.05).  

Based on the results, it can be found that marital commitment, marital intimacy and attachment style are able to predict marital sexual satisfaction.

This study aimed to examine the role of psychological distress and tolerance of ambiguity in the loneliness of women who were quarantined during Coronavirus conditions.

The present study is descriptive and correlational, and the statistical population contains all working women in Karaj city who experienced quarantine for at least 38 days. According to Cochran's formula, 248 people were selected among the population using the convenience sampling method. The Kessler et al. (2002) Mental Disorder Scale, the Macaulay Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire (1993), and the Di Tommasso et al. (2004) Loneliness scale were used to assess the participants. The data were analyzed using simultaneous multiple regression by SPSS software version 23.

The results suggest that by increasing the standard deviation of the scores of psychological distress 0.465, the standard deviation of the scores of loneliness increases (P = 0.05). Also, by increasing the standard deviation on the scores of tolerance of ambiguity 0.237, the standard deviation of the loneliness score decreases. Psychological distress has a greater unique role in predicting loneliness (P = 0.05).

The results indicated that tolerance of ambiguity and psychological distress played a role in the loneliness of working women who were quarantined during Coronavirus conditions. According to the obtained results, the need to pay attention to psychological distress and tolerance of ambiguity plays a significant role in the intensity of loneliness among working women who were quarantined during Coronavirus conditions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the priorities of couple selection in the corona age and compare it with the last ten years

This study was a comparative causal study and the statistical population included young people aged 22 to 40 years old students of Tehran Azad and State University, of whom 200 were randomly selected (100 females, 100 males) in the age range of 22 to 40 years. Years that were selected by available and targeted sampling. The tools used in the present study consisted of two parts: 1) individual characteristics of the participant, 2) emotional partner selection test (part of priorities and part of importance and standard requirements). The analysis of the information obtained from the questionnaire was performed through spss24 software in two descriptive and inferential sections (binomial test).

The results showed that the criteria: adaptation, good health, education, intelligence and intellectual adequacy, sociality, ambition and diligence, good cooking and housekeeping, no previous sexual relations and similar political background rank better (lower average) than before They have also shown a significant difference, and therefore have shown a change in current and past 10 year priorities. Social well-being and fertility have shown a significant change with the past (P=0.01).

this change indicates a decrease in the priority of these criteria over the past, and other criteria have not shown a significant difference in prioritization with the past.

The aim of this study was to compare the meaning of life and emotion control in survivors of coronavirus-19 victims and mortality due to biological causes. Research

The present study is causal-comparative and in terms of data collection is field type. The statistical population of this study included all survivors of victims of coronavirus-19 disease and deaths due to biological causes with an age range of 20 to 50 years living in Tehran in 1399-400, which during the last 3 to 6 months a family member Have lost. By available sampling method, 100 mourners due to death of a person or family members due to corona or other deaths (50 mourners due to death due to coronavirus and 50 mourners due to death due to biological causes ) were chosen. Data collection tools were Williams, Chambels and Ahrens Emotion Control Questionnaire (1997) and Meaning of Life Questionnaire Meaning of Life Questionnaire by Steger, Frazier, Oishi and Kahler (2006). Multivariate and univariate analysis of variance test using SPSS statistical software version 26 was used to analyze the research data.

The results of the study showed that there is a significant difference between the variables of meaning of life and control of emotions among the survivors of coronavirus-19 victims and mortality due to biological causes.

The results showed that survivors of coronary heart disease victims can overcome their grief by controlling their negative emotions.

This study aimed to determine the role of psychological well-being and mindfulness in predicting post-traumatic growth among female nurses during Coronavirus conditions.

The present study is descriptive and correlational, and the statistical population included female nurses living in Shahriar city who experienced working in hospitals during Coronavirus conditions. In this study, 211 people were selected by the convenience sampling method among the statistical population. The Tedeschi and Calvin (1996) Injury Growth Inventory, the Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (2002), and the Brown and Ryan Mindful Attention Scale (2003) were used to evaluate the participants of the study. The data were analyzed using the simultaneous multiple regression by SPSS software version 23.

The results indicate that psychological well-being and mindfulness can predict post-traumatic growth among female nurses (P = 0.01). Also, there is a direct relationship between psychological well-being and post-traumatic growth and mindfulness and post-traumatic growth among female nurses (α = 0.05, P = 0.001).

It is recommended to use techniques to increase psychological well-being and mindfulness among female nurses to help promote post-traumatic growth among them.

This study aimed to predict Coronavirus anxiety based on the mental strength with the mediating role of self-criticism among girl university students.

The present study was descriptive and correlational, and the statistical population included all female students of Tonekabon Azad University. And according to Cochran's formula, 200 people among this population were selected by the convenience sampling method. The research instruments included Alipour et al.'s Corona Anxiety Scale (2015), Kola, Erle, and Seville's (2002) Psychological Strength Questionnaire, and the Thompson and Zorof (2004) scale for self-critical levels. The data were analyzed using a correlation coefficient test and simultaneous hierarchical regression by SPSS23 software.

The results indicated that mental strength was a significant predictor of Coronavirus anxiety (P = 0.01), and self-criticism was a significant predictor of Coronavirus anxiety. Also, when self-criticism is presented as a mediating variable in the relationship between psychological strength and Coronavirus anxiety, this relationship decreases (P = 0.01).

According to the results, paying attention to mental strength by using self-criticism plays a significant role in the level of experiencing Coronavirus anxiety among female students.

This study aimed to determine the role of the meaning in life and intimacy of family members in predicting Coronavirus anxiety among housewife mothers.

The present study was applied and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all housewives in Karaj city in 2020. The convenience sampling method was used to select 192 people from the population. The data were collected using the Alipour et al.'s Corona Anxiety Scale (2015), the meaning in life questionnaire of Steger, Frazier, Oishi, and Caller (2006), Walker and Thompson (1983) intimacy scale. The simultaneous multiple regression method was used to determine the role of each variable in predicting Coronavirus anxiety.

The results of the present study indicated that there is a significant negative relationship between Coronavirus anxiety and the meaning in life and family intimacy. The variable of meaning in life and family intimacy can significantly predict Coronavirus anxiety among housewives. The variables of meaning in life and family intimacy have explained 35.5% of the variance of Coronavirus anxiety among women. The analysis of regression coefficients indicated that the meaning in life variable (p <0.01, β = 0.426) and family intimacy (p <0.01, β = -0.348) negatively and at a significant level of 0.01 predict Coronavirus anxiety among housewives.

The findings of this study nicely determined that the unique role of meaning in life has a greater role in predicting Coronavirus anxiety than family intimacy.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on psychological toughness and sleep quality in people with a history of coronary heart disease.

This quasi-experimental study was a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design and the statistical population included people with a history of coronary hospitalization in Chalous. 30 people were selected by available sampling method and in two experimental groups (15 people) control (15 people) 15 people were randomly replaced. Participants in the training group underwent Johnson (2012) emotion-focused therapy intervention in eight 90-minute sessions, and the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance using SPSS software.

The results showed that emotion-focused therapy intervention was effective in improving sleep quality (F = 9.18, P = 0.005) and psychological stiffness (F = 4.66, P = 0.040). The follow-up phase was stable.

The discriminant eta coefficient shows that 24.7% of the changes in sleep quality and 14.3% of the changes in psychological toughness are explained by the grouping variable; Therefore, emotion-focused therapy has been effective on psychological toughness and sleep quality in people with a history of coronary heart disease.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on psychological toughness and sleep quality in people with a history of coronary heart disease.

This quasi-experimental study was a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design and the statistical population included people with a history of coronary hospitalization in Chalous. 30 people were selected by available sampling method and in two experimental groups (15 people) control (15 people) 15 people were randomly replaced. Participants in the training group underwent Johnson (2012) emotion-focused therapy intervention in eight 90-minute sessions, and the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance using SPSS software.

The results showed that emotion-focused therapy intervention was effective in improving sleep quality (F = 9.18, P = 0.005) and psychological stiffness (F = 4.66, P = 0.040). The follow-up phase was stable.

The discriminant eta coefficient shows that 24.7% of the changes in sleep quality and 14.3% of the changes in psychological toughness are explained by the grouping variable; Therefore, emotion-focused therapy has been effective on psychological toughness and sleep quality in people with a history of coronary heart disease.

This study aimed to determine the prediction of mental (psychological) pain based on psychological capital among people with grief experience because of Coronavirus with the mediating role of perceived social support.

The study design was descriptive correlational. The statistical population included people with the experience of grief of close family members (father, mother, child, sister, brother) caused by Coronavirus in 2021 in Tehran. According to the views of Hoit and Kramer (2004), 432 people were selected by purposive sampling, and they have completed the Mental Pain Scale by Orbach and Mikulincer (2003), the Luthans et al.'s (2007) Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and the Zimet et al.'s (1988) Perceived Social Support Scale. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis, and structural equations and using SPSS and Amoss software.

The outcomes of Pearson's correlation coefficients indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between psychological capital (r = 0.38, p <0.01) and its components (self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism) and perceived social support (p<0.01). But there is a negative and significant relationship between psychological capital (r = -0.27, p <0.01) and its components (self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism) and mental pain (psychological) (p<0.01). There is also a negative and significant relationship between perceived social support (r = -0.36, p <0.01) and its components (perceived support from family members, perceived support from important people, and perceived support from friends) and mental pain (psychological) (p <0.01). Furthermore, there are negative and significant coefficients of the direct path of psychological capital (ß=-0.15, p <0.01) to the mental (psychological) pain of individuals with the grief experience caused by Coronavirus. There is also a negative and significant direct path coefficient of perceived social support as a mediating variable to the mental (psychological) pain of people with the grief experience caused by Coronavirus is also (ß= -0.20, p <0.01). Also, the results indicated that there are negative and significant coefficients of direct pathways of psychological capital (ß= 0.23, p <0.01) to the perceived social support of individuals with the grief experience caused by Coronavirus.

The results generally indicate that the research model, which is based on the relationship between psychological capital and perceived social support for mental (psychological) pain among people the grief experience caused by Coronavirus, has a good fit.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between maladaptive schema with cognitive flexibility and preference for coping strategies with the mediating role of emotional intelligence in e-learning during home quarantine due to the Coronavirus pandemic.

Structural equation modeling was used to determine the model fit index. The study's statistical population included all the teen girls in senior high schools in Tehran (the academic year 2020-2021), and the sample size was 511 people. Research data were collected using Young's maladaptive schema questionnaires (1998), Dennis and Vander Wal cognitive flexibility questionnaires (2010), preference of coping strategies by Carver, Shearer, and Winthrab (1989), and Schering (1996) emotional intelligence questionnaires. The data were analyzed using structural equations.

The findings indicated that the effect size of cognitive flexibility on maladaptive schemas was moderate (0.092), the effect size of cognitive flexibility on emotional intelligence was moderate (0.089), the effect size of coping strategies preferences on maladaptive schemas was strong (0.400), the effect size of coping strategies preferences on emotional intelligence was moderate (0.082), and the effect size of emotional intelligence on maladaptive schemas was moderate (0.085). Furthermore, since the values of t value for the relationship between the variables were greater than 1.96, it will be indicated that there is a significant relationship between these variables, and therefore the examined model has a good fit to explain maladaptive schemas among teen girls.

The Coronavirus pandemic condition has probably empowered maladaptive schemas such as "vulnerability to harm and disease", "social isolation / alienation", "abandonment / instability", "strict criteria" and, also, schemas of "failure", "dependence / inadequacy", "distrust / abuse" and "defect / shame".

the present study aims at determining the effectiveness of teaching coping skills in posttraumatic stress reduction amongst the students recovered from corona pandemic.

use has been made of a semi-experimental research method with pretest posttest and follow-up design and experimental-evidence groups. The study population included 7 to 12-year-old girl students recovered from Corona disease and schooling in intermediate course during 2021-2022 academic years in Bam City. Using convenience sampling method, 30 individuals were selected from amongst hospitalized students as well as the ones recovered from Corona pandemic and they were randomly placed in two groups, namely experimental and evidence, each containing 15 persons. The experimental group received Alexander’s training package (2002) in 12 45-minute sessions; the study instrument was posttraumatic stress disorder questionnaire designed by Weathers et al (1993). The obtained data were analyzed using repeated measures’ ANOVA.

the results indicated that teaching coping skills is effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of re-experiencing the harming traumatic accident (p=0.003, F=10.69), signs of emotional numbness (p=0.020, F=5.93) and signs of arousal and excitement (p=0.002, F=10.80) as figured out in the posttest stage and the effect was found persisting in the follow-up tests.

based on the results of the present study, it is needed to perform training and treatment interventions in line with the reduction of psychological problems and corroboration of the positive psychological traits for coping with Corona disease. Thus, considering the high prevalence of the psychological and mental disorders and low resilience at the time of disease outbreak as well as the outcomes resulting thereof, psychological intervention should be made.

the objective of this research is determining the relationship between sleeping disorders and posttraumatic stress syndrome with Corona Anxiety considering the intermediary role of health anxiety in treatment cadre.

in terms of the study objectives, this paper is an applied research with descriptive design of correlation type. The study population included the treatment cadre, physicians and nurses (n=720), working in the hospitals in the east of Gilan Province. Using convenience method and Morgan’s table, 250 individuals were selected. The study instrument was Corona Virus anxiety scale invented by Alipour et al (2020), sleeping disorders inventory constructed by Petersburg et al (1989), health anxiety questionnaire made by Salkovskis and Warwick (2002) and posttraumatic stress disorder inventory designed by Weathers et al (1993). The data were analyzed using SPSS software and Smart PLS software.  

the results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between sleeping disorders and Corona anxiety (r=0.403), between post-acident stress disorder syndrome (r=0.389) and health anxiety (r=0.503) (P<0.001). Moreover, a positive and significant relationship was evidenced between health anxiety and sleeping disorders (r=0.559) and posttraumatic stress disorder syndrome (r=0.278) (P<0.001).

the present study’s findings well-indicated that health anxiety plays a more accentuated role than sleeping disorders in predicting the posttraumatic stress disorder.