نشریه خانواده درمانی کاربردی
سال چهارم شماره 5 (پیاپی 19، زمستان 1402)

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of multisensory stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation on mental state, clinical memory and sleep disorder in elderly women with cognitive impairments. The current research was conducted as a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population consisted of 30 elderly women referring to nursing homes in Tehran, who were divided into two experimental and control groups by a simple random method. To collect data from Folstein mental state questionnaires (1975), Wechsler Bluber clinical memory questionnaire (1939), Petersburg Boyce et al. sleep quality questionnaire (1989) and cognitive deficits questionnaire (national surveys standard of the Ministry of Health and Iran Statistics Center) used. The data was analyzed using SPSS-21 software and mixed analysis of variance tests. According to the results of multisensory stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation, it improves mental status (F=28.58, P<0.001), clinical memory (F=20.27, P<0.001), and sleep disorder (F=12.43, P<0.001) has a significant effect in the elderly with cognitive defects (P<0.01). The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation is greater compared to multisensory stimulation on the mental state and clinical memory of the elderly (P<0.01); However, the effectiveness of multisensory stimulation on the sleep disorder of the elderly is more than the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation (P<0.01). This method can be used to improve the cognitive ability and, as a result, the quality of life of the elderly independently and together with clinical and subclinical cognitive treatments.

The present study aimed to study the predicting model of borderline personality based on complex trauma and object relation with mediating role of ego strength in conflicting couples. Method was descriptive-correlational. Population was all refereeing couples to counseling and psychological clinics in 2021 in Tehran. Using multi cluster sampling and cutting point >75 in MCMI-3, 205 participants with borderline and inclusion criteria were selected and completed the questionnaires of Markstorm and et al, s (1997) PIES, Milon-3, s (1997) MCMI-3, Bell's (1995) BORI, Borneshtian & et al, s (2003) CTQ. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and SEM. There is a positive and significant relationship between trauma and borderline and there is a negative and significant relationship between ego strength and borderline (p<0.01). The results of SEM showed that the prediction Model of borderline based on complex trauma and object relation with mediating role of ego strength is fit (p<0.01). Ego strength effect on borderline through moderating object relation and effacing the dimension of cognitive and emotional of childhood trauma. Therefore, it was suggested, pay attention to trauma, object relation in etiology and therapy of borderline, and promote ego strength by training and counseling.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on cognitive regulation of emotion and perceived stress in women with dental anxiety. The research method is semi-experimental pre-test and post-test with a control group. The study population included all women with dental anxiety in Tehran who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups (15 people) experimental group and (15 people) control group. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes of cognitive therapy based on the mindfulness of Segal et al. (2004). The research instruments were Stouthard, Mellenbergh, & Hoogstraten (1993) Dental Anxiety Questionnaire, Garnefski, Kraaij, & Spinhoven (2001) Cognitive Emotion Regulation, and Cohen et al. (1983) Perceived Stress. The results were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS.22 software. It showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy treatment had a significant effect on increasing cognitive regulation of emotion (F=51.53, P<0.001) and decreasing perceived stress (F=15.25, P<0.001) in women with dental anxiety. It can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective on cognitive regulation of emotion and perceived stress in women with dental anxiety.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy, desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing and biofeedback on migraine attacks (frequency, duration and intensity), anxiety sensitivity, sleep quality and quality of life of women with migraine. The research was semi-experimental and was conducted using a pre-post test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all women who referred to Tehran's Vision of the Future Clinic in 2019 due to headache. Among the people who were diagnosed with migraine, 60 people were selected and randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and one control group. Then the people of the cognitive-behavioral group underwent group therapy for 11 sessions of 90 minutes each week, and the people of the desensitization group with rapid eye movements and reprocessing individually in 3 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week, and the people of the biological feedback treatment group were treated for 15 sessions in 3 weeks of 45 minutes. The data was analyzed by SPSS-25 software and by multiple variance analysis. Based on the results of this research, it can be stated that cognitive-behavioral therapy, desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing and biofeedback are effective on attacks (frequency, duration and intensity), anxiety sensitivity, sleep quality and quality of life of women

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting adolescent embarrassment based on self-compassion and emotional regulation with regard to the mediator role of problem solving in adolescents aged 12 to 15 years in Tehran. In the form of a cross-sectional correlational design, 320 people (boys and girls) were selected from the teenagers of Tehran city by purposive sampling method, after collecting the data, 312 questionnaires could be analyzed. The participants were asked to answer standard questionnaires of emotion regulation by Granfaski et al. (2001), problem solving by Hepner and Patterson (1982), self-compassion by Neff (2003), and feelings of shame and guilt by Cohen et al. (2011). In order to analyze the data, Spss and Smart-PLS software were used. The results showed that 65.9% of the changes in shame are caused by the changes in self-compassion and emotional regulation variables, and all the mentioned variables have a significant effect on shame (P<0.001). Also, the results related to the mediating role of problem solving showed that only negative emotion regulation through problem solving has an indirect effect on embarrassment with an intensity of 0.45 (P<0.001) and the two variables of positive emotion regulation and self-compassion through problem solving They do not have an indirect effect on shame (P>0.05). Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the variables of self-compassion and emotional regulation have an effect on teenagers' shame and problem solving has a mediating role in the relationship between negative emotion regulation and teenagers' shame. Therefore, paying attention to these mechanisms can be useful in formulating effective preventive and therapeutic interventions for adolescents in dealing with adolescent embarrassment and depression symptoms.

The purpose of the present study was to predict marital stability and marital compatibility based on self-differentiation. This research was correlational in terms of research method. The statistical population of the present study was all the couples who referred to the counseling centers of the 5th district of Tehran during the winter of 2021, which was approximately 320 people. The number of samples from the two centers was estimated to be 175 people according to the table for determining the sample size of Krajcie and Morgan, and this number was selected from the entire population by simple random sampling method. The data collection tool included Edwards, Johnson and Booth's Marital Stability Questionnaire (1987), Spanier's Marital Compatibility (1976) and Scouron and Friedlander's (1998) self-differentiation. The data obtained from the questionnaire were used in two description sections, including mean and standard deviation, and Pearson correlation and regression were used for data analysis. The results showed that the differentiation variable is able to predict marital stability (β=0.31, P=0.003) and marital compatibility (β=0.22, P=0.006). According to the Beta value, self-differentiation has a greater contribution in predicting the marital stability of couples. It can be concluded that self-differentiation can predict marital stability and marital compatibility.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of integrative couple therapy on the quality of marital relationships and cognitive regulation of emotions in incompatible couples. The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all the couples who referred to the counseling centers of Amol city during March 2021, who referred because of incompatibility or the psychologists of the center identified the cause of the conflict as incompatibility. The sample size, the number of 20 couples (40 people) (10 couples for the experimental group and another 10 couples for the control group) from the entire statistical population, the cluster sampling method was used, and finally, with this method, five centers were used to select the samples. The training sessions of the integrative couple therapy group were implemented using Christensen and Jacobson's (2000) integrative couple therapy. The questionnaires of the study were Busby et al.'s Marital Relationship Questionnaire (1995) and Garnefski et al.'s (2001) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Findings were analyzed using repeated measures with a mixed design. The results of the research showed that the results showed that integrative couple therapy training increases the quality of marital relationships (P<0.001, F = 46.30) and positive emotional cognitive regulation (P< 0.001, F=62.35) and negative (P<0.001, F=137.80) has been effective. Therefore, it can be concluded that integrative couple therapy was effective in improving the quality of marital relations and cognitive adjustment of incompatible couples.

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting marital commitment based on communication beliefs with the mediation of sexual satisfaction and self-control. The research method was correlational and structural equations type. The statistical population is all women who referred to counseling centers and health homes in Tehran in 2020-21 and 380 people were selected as a sample using a simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was Adams and Jones' Marital Commitment Questionnaire (1997), Idelson and Epstein's Relationship Beliefs in Married Life (1982), Larson et al.'s Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (1998), and Tangeny et al.'s Self-Control Questionnaire (2004). For data analysis, structural equation modeling was used using AMOS 14 and SPSS 24 software. The results showed that the direct effect of communication beliefs on sexual satisfaction (β=-0.13), self-control (β=-0.47) and marital commitment (β=-0.46) is significant. The direct effect of sexual satisfaction on marital commitment (β=0.22) and self-control on marital commitment (β=0.54) is also positive and significant. Meanwhile, self-control can play a mediating role in the relationship between communication beliefs and marital commitment (P≥0.001). communication beliefs, communication patterns, sexual satisfaction and self-control, if formed in positive and efficient dimensions, can increase and maintain couples' commitments.

The present study was conducted considering the breadth and comprehensiveness of the healthy human theory and its culture-based nature, with the aim of compiling and validating a parenting package based on the healthy human theory, especially for mothers with children with externalizing disorders. The qualitative research method was an exploratory type (thematic analysis) inductive problem and need based on the process and rules of content analysis by Strauss and Corbin, and the content analysis method was used to compile the parenting package based on the healthy human theory. The research area includes 34 scientific texts that were selected by purposeful sampling and based on the relationship between the content and healthy human education strategies; Also, the professors and faculty of the Department of Psychology and Counseling of Isfahan Islamic Azad University, 6 of them were selected as a sample in order to evaluate the parenting package based on healthy people. The results of the method of Strauss and Corbin (1998) showed that 9 selected codes (being present, kindness to creatures, satisfaction with life and enjoyment, happiness, metacognition, forgiveness and forgiveness, forgetting, peace and meaning, hope) and the parenting package based on the healthy human theory was adjusted based on these dimensions according to the frequency of the semantic units of the selected codes, and its reliability and validity were confirmed based on the approval of experts and the agreement coefficient of the evaluators, which was 0.99. Therefore, the compiled package, which is based on the culture of Iranian families, can be used to educate parents, especially mothers of children with behavioral problems, in order to improve their quality of life.

The current research aims to present a structural model of anxiety disorders based on COVID-19 anxiety with the mediating role of coping strategies in pregnant women. This study is applied in terms of its objective, and descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling in terms of its implementation. Data collection methods included both library and field research. In the field research, questionnaires were used to collect necessary data, including the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-13) questionnaire by Spitzer et al. (2006), the COVID-19 Anxiety questionnaire by Alipour et al. (2019), and Lazarus and Folkman’s (1988) coping strategies. SPSS22 and AMOS software were utilized for data analysis. The results indicated that anxiety disorders can be predicted based on COVID-19 anxiety (p<0.01). Additionally, coping strategies were found to play a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety disorders and COVID-19 anxiety (p<0.01). The study also revealed a significant association between anxiety disorders or COVID-19 anxiety and the mediating role of coping strategies in pregnant women (p<0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that anxiety disorders in pregnant women can be predicted by COVID-19 anxiety with the mediation of coping strategies.

The purpose of the present study was to compare functional analysis psychotherapy (FAP) and schema therapy on emotional experience towards spouse, communication patterns and rumination of couples referring to counseling centers in Isfahan city. The research method was semi-experimental and pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population includes all couples in the age group of 25 to 45 years old in Isfahan city, who were selected by available sampling method, 30 couples (10 couples in the first test group, 10 couples in the second test group, and 10 couples in the control group) And for the first group, the performance analysis therapy experiment was presented during 12 sessions, and for the second group, the schema therapy experiment was also presented during 8 sessions. Data collection tools included Brashaw's 6-question emotional experience questionnaire (2009), Christensen and Salawi's (1984) 35-question communication patterns questionnaire, Nolen-Hoeksma and Morrow's (2008) 22-question rumination questionnaire. To analyze the data, the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used. The results showed that there is a difference between the effect of the two psychotherapy methods, performance analysis and schema therapy, on the emotional experience towards the spouse (f=0.33 and p=0.71) and couples' communication patterns (f=0.004 and p=0.97) There was no significant difference, but there was a significant difference between the two psychotherapy methods, performance analysis and schema therapy, on rumination (f=4.40 and p=0.03). Therefore, the schema therapy method in the treatment of rumination and reducing marital conflicts has been a more effective method than performance analysis psychotherapy.

The current study aims to examine the effectiveness of growth-oriented education specifically designed for adults aged 35 to 45 years in enhancing self-coherence and lifelong learning. A quasi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test control group design was employed for the study. The population consisted of women aged 35 to 45 years working in healthcare centers in Islamshahr city in 2022, from which 30 individuals (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) meeting the inclusion criteria were conveniently selected. The Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence (1993) and Kirby et al.’s (2010) Lifelong Learning questionnaires were used to measure the dependent variables. Univariate covariance analysis was used for data analysis. The results showed that the implementation of the educational package significantly increased self-coherence (F=11.18, p<0.01) and lifelong learning (F=10.88, p<0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that growth-oriented education for adults aged 35 to 45 years is effective in enhancing self-coherence and lifelong learning.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of self-compassion-based mindfulness package with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy package on emotional eating in overweight women. The current research was practical and semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design along with a follow-up period. Among the overweight women in Isfahan who referred to weight control and weight loss centers and offices in 2019, 45 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the research groups. The research tool was the Van Strien et al Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (1986). Each of the self-compassion-based mindfulness groups by Haji Rostam (2019) and the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group Based on the approach of Teasdale et al (1995) underwent eight treatment sessions, and the control group did not receive any treatment. The results were analyzed using SPSS software and using variance analysis method with repeated measurements. The findings showed that the mindfulness package based on self-compassion and the cognitive therapy package based on mindfulness on the desire to eat (F = 7.15, P = 0.001) and eating behavior (F = 5.74, P = 0.002) have had a lasting positive effect on overweight women. In this way, in order to improve the desire to eat and eating behavior in overweight women, the mindfulness package based on self-compassion and the cognitive therapy package based on mindfulness can be used.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of emotion-oriented couple counseling on marital stress and negative emotions of couples. The method of this research was quasi-experimental and of the pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a follow-up phase. To select the desired sample from the number of 110 couples, 40 couples (80 people) were selected as volunteers and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups (20 couples in the experimental group and 20 couples in the control group). To measure marital stress, Weiss et al.'s (1973) Change Areas Scale questionnaire was used, and to measure negative emotions, Watson et al.'s (1988) questionnaire was used. The independent variable was Johnson's emotion-oriented couple counseling (2004), which was applied to the experimental group in ten sessions, and during this period, no action was taken for the control group, The data were analyzed using repeated measure variance. The results showed that emotion-oriented couple counseling was effective on negative emotions (F=5.09, P <0.013) and marital stress (F=7.04, P <0.031) and this effect was stable in the follow-up phase (P=0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that emotion-oriented couple counseling reduces marital stress and reduces negative emotions of referring couples.

The purpose of this research was to develop a model of attitude towards extramarital relationships based on attachment styles, emphasizing the mediating role of confrontational styles and marital intimacy. The current research is a correlational and socio-statistical type, including all people with extramarital relationships or the attitude of ordinary people to refer to welfare, relief committee and counseling centers of Qom province in 2021. 320 people were selected as the research sample using available sampling method. The sample of the research is the attitude questionnaire towards extramarital relationships (Whatley, 2007), adult attachment styles (Collins & Reed, 1990), confrontational styles (Lazarus & Folkman, 1988) and marital intimacy questionnaire. (Walker & Thompson, 1983) were completed. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation test and the research model was analyzed by the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling technique and SPSS 27 and Smart PLS 3 statistical software. The results of the path analysis test showed that the research model has a good fit. Examining the mediation results showed that confrontational styles have a significant mediating role in the relationship between secure style, avoidant style and ambivalent style with attitudes towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). The findings showed that the escape and avoidance strategy have a significant mediating role in the relationship between safe style and avoidant style with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). The findings showed that positive reappraisal strategy has a significant mediating role in the relationship between safe style and ambivalent style, as well as ambivalent with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). Also, the mediating role of marital intimacy variable in the relationship between safe, avoidant and ambivalent style was confirmed (p<0.05). It can be concluded that confrontational styles and intimacy play a mediating role in relation to attachment styles and attitudes towards extramarital relationships.

The aim of this research was to develop a model exploring the structural relationship between personality dimensions and attachment styles, communication skills, and marital conflicts, mediated by early maladaptive schemas in couples facing divorce. This was a descriptive-correlational study. The population included all couples facing divorce who visited counseling centers in Takestan city during the second half of 2020 and 2021. A convenience sampling method was used, and the sample size was determined as 373 individuals based on Sample Power software. The research instruments included the Big Five Personality Traits Questionnaire, Communication Skills (Queendom, 2004), Marital Conflicts (Jones, 1997), Young’s Early Maladaptive Schemas (2007), and Hazan and Shaver’s Attachment Styles (1987). Data analysis was performed using SPSS and Amos software. The results showed that personality dimensions do not significantly relate to marital conflicts among couples facing divorce (p<0.05). Similarly, attachment styles do not significantly relate to marital conflicts (p<0.05). However, early maladaptive schemas played a mediating role in the relationship between personality dimensions and marital conflicts, with a significant t-value (17.97) and significance level (p<0.05). Additionally, early maladaptive schemas had a mediating role in the relationship between personality dimensions and communication skills, indicated by a significant t-value (17.93) and significance level (p<0.05). Furthermore, early maladaptive schemas mediated the relationship between attachment styles and marital conflicts, with a t-value (12.87) and significance level (p<0.05). Considering that early maladaptive schemas can play a mediating role in the relationships of couples facing divorce, they are a significant factor in shaping personality, attachment styles, and marital conflicts.

The aim of the current research is to explore the experience of self-disclosure by divorced mothers about the issue of divorce to their children. In this qualitative study, a semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted with a purposive sample consisting of 22 divorced mothers with at least one child aged 10 to 38 years. Data analysis through Colaizzi's method led to the discovery of two main categories: self-disclosure topics and factors influencing them. Key topics raised include: expressing the reason for the divorce, decision-making about the imminent divorce, and problems arising after the divorce. Some of the influential factors on these self-disclosures include the age and gender of the child, and the mother's beliefs. The results indicate that the stresses related to divorce make mothers more prone to negative self-disclosure towards their children. Therefore, greater attention by mothers to the occurrence of this phenomenon in their interactions with children and the use of specialized counseling services can reduce the negative consequences of divorce.

The aim of the present research is to examine the predictive model of family cohesion based on differentiation and attitude towards love: the mediating role of marital intimacy in married women. The research is descriptive-correlational, employing structural equation modeling. The study population consisted of all married women in the city of Isfahan who had been married for at least three years and were currently living with their spouses. A total of 225 individuals were selected as the sample using voluntary sampling. The data collection tools included the Fisher Family Cohesion Scale (Fisher et al., 1992), the Skowron and Smith Self-Differentiation Questionnaire (2003), the Hendrix and Hendrix Love Attitude Scale (1997), and the Thompson and Walker Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (1983), all of which have been validated. To achieve the objectives of the present research, initially, a descriptive analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaires was conducted. Subsequently, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to reduce the independent variables. The results of the data analysis indicated that the second to fifth hypotheses of the research regarding the relationships between the study variables were confirmed. Based on these relationships, in total, 88% of the variations in the dependent variable (family cohesion) were predicted by the variables of the final model. Furthermore, according to the final model obtained from structural equation modeling, the independent variables of attitude towards love, marital intimacy, and differentiation had a direct impact on the family cohesion of married women.

The purpose of this research was to assess the effectiveness of reality therapy on rational behavior and psychological well-being in married women aged 30 to 45 years in the city of Kerman. This was a quasi-experimental study, utilizing a pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The population consisted of married women aged 30 to 45 years who attended the Damoon Counseling Center in Kerman. The sampling method was accessible, and the study sample included one control group and one experimental group, each consisting of 20 individuals. The tools used in the study included the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (1989), the Rational Behavior Questionnaire by Whitman (1997). Data analysis was conducted in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics. In the descriptive part, the characteristics of the sample were described using central tendency and dispersion indices such as mean, variance, and standard deviation. In the inferential statistics section, considering the research design, parametric tests and the normal distribution of data, Shapiro's test, and univariate analysis of covariance were used for the main hypothesis and sub-hypotheses, respectively. SPSS software version 24 was utilized for data analysis. The findings indicated that reality therapy had a significant effect on the rational behavior of married women aged 30 to 45 years in Kerman at a level below 0.05, with an effect size of 0.46. Reality therapy also had a significant impact on both rational behavior and psychological well-being of these women, with an effect size of 0.43 on psychological well-being. Therefore, reality therapy can be used to improve psychological well-being and enhance rational behavior in married women.

The current study aimed to compare early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in women involved in romantic relationships with an age difference of 10 years or less and an age difference of 15 years or more (with the man being older). This study was causal-comparative in nature; the statistical population comprised 91 individuals, with 50 women involved in romantic relationships with an age difference of 10 years or less (Group One) and 41 women in relationships with an age difference of 15 years or more (Group Two). Participants were selected through convenient and snowball sampling methods and responded to the Hazan and Shaver Attachment Styles Questionnaire (1987) and Young’s 90-item Schema Questionnaire (1990). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with SPSS software. The findings indicated significant differences between the two groups in the anxious/ambivalent attachment style and avoidant attachment style components (P<0.01). There were significant differences between the two groups in the components of emotional deprivation, mistrust, social isolation, defectiveness/shame, failure, dependence, vulnerability, emotional inhibition, entitlement/grandiosity, and self-sacrifice (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the groups in the secure attachment style and components of abandonment, self-sacrifice, compliance, unrelenting standards, attention seeking, pessimism, and punishment (P>0.05). The results of this study indicated that there are differences between early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in women involved in romantic relationships with a minor and a greater age difference (with the man being older). The findings underscore the importance of schema-focused and emotion-focused approaches in resolving interpersonal conflicts in couples with significant age differences.

The main purpose of the present research is to predict the attitude towards infidelity based on the role of dark personality traits, self-differentiation, and sexual attitudes in individuals seeking divorce. This research is descriptive-survey and correlational in nature. The statistical population included women seeking divorce who visited welfare centers in District 6 of Tehran in the autumn 2022. A total of 230 individuals were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected using the Whatley Marital Infidelity Attitude Scale (2006), the Johnson and Webster Dark Triad Personality Trait Questionnaire (2010), the Skowron and Smith Self-Differentiation Questionnaire (2003), and the Khoshabi and Valaie Sexual Attitude Questionnaire (2018). Data analysis was performed in two sections, descriptive and inferential, using Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that dark personality traits, self-differentiation, and sexual attitudes have a significant impact on the attitude towards infidelity. It can be concluded that dark personality traits, self-differentiation, and sexual attitudes are influential factors in the attitude towards infidelity.

The aim of this study was to provide a health-related quality of life model for patients with type 2 diabetes based on disease perception, BMI and demographic characteristics with the mediating role of self-care behaviors. The research method was descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of the research was type 2 diabetes patients who had visited the hospitals of Tankabon and Ramsar. The sample of the study was 350 patients with type 2 diabetes who were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected using health-related quality of life questionnaires (Baroghs et al., 2004), disease perception (Weinman et al., 1996), self-care behaviors (Tobert et al., 2000), body mass index, and demographic characteristics questionnaire. Data analysis was done by structural equation modeling method. The findings showed that the structural model of the health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes based on disease perception, BMI and demographic characteristics (age, education level, age of disease onset, duration of disease) with the mediating role of self-care behaviors fits with experimental data. Therefore, since the quality of life is considered an important health outcome, it is necessary to consider it as a main issue in the care of different patients, including patients with diabetes.

The purpose of this research was to explain the sociological factors affecting family violence with a grounded theory approach. The current research method has studied the factors and consequences of violence against women in the family with a qualitative approach and using grounded theory. In order to collect information and select the participants, the purposeful sampling method was used and with the progress of the study, the sampling of desirable cases was done until reaching the theoretical saturation with 21 women who have been subjected to violence who have referred to the social emergency center of Nahavand city, a semi-structured interview. The finding was carried out. After analyzing and reviewing the content of the interviews, 202 primary concepts were open-coded and 20 major categories and finally one central or core category were extracted in the axial coding. The results of this research show that factors such as husband's addiction, personality problems and disorders, forced and early marriage, patriarchal attitude in the family, lack of family support, lack of socialization and social education, and unfavorable economic conditions are among the major and effective factors in increasing and the occurrence of violence against women in the family are considerable. According to the results and findings obtained from this qualitative research, holding workshops, life skills sessions and pre-marital counseling to increase the awareness and recognition of couples and dealing with each other, especially early in life, in order to deal with and reduce the phenomenon of violence. It is suggested against women.

The purpose of this research was to predict life satisfaction based on emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and mental health of couples. This research was carried out by correlation method. The statistical population of the research includes all the couples referred to the Mehrana counseling center in Tehran, numbering 360 people, and the total number of the population and referring to the Krajcie and Morgan table was estimated to be 186. Data collection tools included Diener's Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (1985), Bar-On's Emotional Intelligence (1980), King's Spiritual Intelligence (2008), and Goldberg and Hiller's Mental Health Questionnaire (1972). The analysis of the collected data was done in two descriptive and inferential ways through SPSS21 software. In this research, descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the research variables and to show the frequency and related graphs, and inferential statistics were used to investigate the research hypotheses. The results showed that the variables of emotional intelligence (Beta = 0.254), spiritual intelligence (Beta = 0.186) and mental health (Beta = 0.429) are able to predict the life satisfaction of couples. It can be concluded that mental health has a greater contribution in predicting life satisfaction of couples.

The purpose of the present study was to predict post-traumatic growth based on spiritual and social well-being in women affected by extramarital relationships. The current research method was descriptive-correlation type. The research population included all women who referred to Shahriar health assessment centers, of which 282 women who met the criteria for entering the research were selected by purposive sampling; Then they were evaluated by Tedeschi and Calhoun (1996) post-traumatic growth questionnaire, Palotzin and Ellison (1982) spiritual well-being questionnaire, and Keyes (1998) social well-being questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that spiritual well-being and social well-being significantly predict post-traumatic growth in women (p<0.01). The examination of the obtained multiple correlation square showed that spiritual well-being and social well-being explained 24.4% of the variance of post-traumatic growth in women affected by extramarital relationships. Also, spiritual well-being has a greater contribution in predicting post-traumatic growth of women affected by extramarital relationships. Therefore, it can be concluded that based on spiritual and social well-being, post-traumatic growth can be predicted in women affected by extramarital relationships.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Body Image Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire in women applying for cosmetic surgeries with It was a correlational descriptive research and the statistical population included all women aged 20 to 50 who referred to beauty clinics in Tehran for cosmetic surgeries. 319 people were selected using the convenience sampling method. Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Body Image (CFQ-BI), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF) were used to collect information. confirmatory factor analysis for evaluate the construct validity, Correlation matrix for checking convergent validity and divergent validity and Internal consistency was used to check reliability with the help of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The findings of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the single-factor model of Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire-Body Image, according to the numerical size of the indicators, RMSEA=0.079, SRMR=0.025, CFI=0.981, TLI=0.968, and IFI=0.981 has a good fit. Considering the positive and significant correlation of this scale with the scale of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (r=0.629), the convergent validity of this tool was evaluated favorably. The divergent validity of this scale with the short form of Self-Compassion Questionnaire was reported favorable due to the negative and significant correlation between these two instruments (r=0.599). Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.95 indicated the good reliability of this questionnaire. According to the research findings, it can be concluded that Questionnaire of Cognitive Fusion-Body Image in Iranian population (Female applicants for Cosmetic surgeries) has desired psychometric properties and it can be used as a valid tool in future research and diagnostic situations.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) with and without self-compassion mindfulness on the spiritual reactions of women with COVID-19 anxiety who have insecure attachment to their husbands, with a two-month follow-up period. This clinical trial was conducted in 2021 on 48 female teachers in Zahedan. Women with COVID-19 anxiety and insecure attachment to their husbands were selected through purposive sampling and randomly divided into three groups: Intervention 1 (16 participants receiving ACT), Intervention 2 (16 participants receiving ACT with self-compassion mindfulness), and a control group (16 participants). The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, Relationship Scales Questionnaire, Patience Scale, and the Spiritual Control Language Questionnaire were used, and data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26. Results showed that ACT with and without self-compassion mindfulness, compared to the control group, significantly increased cognitive control of language and patience (P < 0.05). ACT combined with self-compassion mindfulness was more effective in improving cognitive control of language and patience than ACT alone, and this effect was maintained at follow-up. ACT combined with self-compassion mindfulness, as a sustainable intervention, can be used in health and treatment centers for women with COVID-19 anxiety who have insecure attachment to their husbands, to enhance cognitive control of language and patience.

This research examines the capacity of resilience in the caregivers of kidney patients, and the impact of the care process on it. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of family resilience training with cognitive-spiritual hope training on family resilience in caregivers of kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis. The research method was an experimental type with two experimental and control groups with the present pre-test and post-test design, a quantitative one with a control group and a 45-day follow-up, and the statistical population consists of all caregivers of kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis. Isfahan city in 2020-21, in this research, 60 caregivers were selected through available sampling and were randomly divided into family rescyilincy trianing pakage (20 people) cognitive- spiritual hope trianing (20 people) and control (20 people) groupes. The people participating in the research in three stages ansewered to the family rescilince questionnaire (Sixbey, 2005). The collected data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics in this study (variance analysis with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post hoc test). It was used for data analysis (by spss software version 24). The data analysis showed that the cognitive-spiritual hope training had a significant effect on family resilience (F= 23.04, P<0.001), and its dimensions, problem solving (F= 23.04 P<0.01), spirituality (F= 21.11 P<0.003), acceptance (F= 10.85 P<0.001), but the family resilience training pakage was also significantly more effective on improving family resilience and had a more significant effect (P< 0.01). Counclusion: According to the findings of the present research, it is possible to use cognitive-spiritual hope training and family resilience training to increase the level of family resilience and its dimensions in kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of positive treatment on rumination and coping strategies of women with uterine cancer. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The research population included all female patients with uterine cancer who referred to Al-Zahra Medical Center in Isfahan city in the first six months of 2021, 30 of the eligible volunteers were randomly selected into two experimental and control groups (each group) 15 people and answered Nolen-Hoeksma and Morrow (1991) rumination questionnaires and Endler and Parker (1990) stress coping strategies. The experimental group participated in 8 positive treatment sessions as a group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. SPSS version 22 software and analysis of variance test with repeated measurement between groups were used in data analysis. The results showed that positive treatment was effective in improving rumination, problem-oriented coping, and emotion-oriented coping in uterine cancer patients, and the results continued in the follow-up period (p<0.01). Based on the results, counselors and therapists can use the positive treatment method to intervene in improving rumination and coping strategies of women with uterine cancer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of premarital education based on the SYMBIS model on communication skills and conflict resolution skills of fiancés. In terms of the purpose, the current research was of an applied type, and in terms of the research design and method, it was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental group and a control group and a three-month follow-up period. Based on this, the statistical population of the research included all the fiancés who referred to the counseling centers of the 7th district of Tehran to receive pre-marital counseling in the first half of 2011. Therefore, 40 people (20 couples) were selected from among these people and were randomly assigned to an experimental group (20 people) and a control group (20 people). Then, premarital education based on the SYMBIS model prepared by Les and Leslie Perot (2006) was implemented on the experimental group. Also, in order to collect data, the research tools included the conflict resolution questionnaire (CRQ) and the communication skills questionnaire of Christensen and Salluvay (1984). In the descriptive part, frequency distribution tables were used, and in the inferential part of data analysis, mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test and SPSS software version 26 were used. The F value and the significance level of the obtained value were calculated in the variable of communication skills (F = 7.83 and P = 0.004) and conflict resolution skills (F = 6.91 and P = 0.006). Therefore, it can be concluded that the independent variable i.e. premarital education based on the SYMBIS model has significantly changed the dependent variables i.e. communication skills and conflict resolution skills. This means that the changes made in the dependent variables were caused by the membership in the experimental group or the independent variable (premarital education based on the SYMBIS model). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that premarital education based on the SYMBIS model is effective on the communication skills and conflict resolution skills of the fiancés. Therefore, this model can be used in premarital counseling.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of treatment of emotion regulation strategies on avoidance and arousal behavior in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder due to COVID-19.

The research method was semi-experimental with a single-subject multiline basic design. The statistical population consisted of people who were admitted to the intensive care unit of Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran between 2020 and 2021 due to COVID-19 and had post-traumatic stress disorder. Three women were selected by available sampling method and assigned to emotion regulation strategies treatment group. Then, three subjects received an 8-session protocol for treatment of emotion regulation strategies (Gross-2008). Event-edited impact questionnaires (Garmer, 2003) were administered as research tools in four stages: baseline, third and sixth Chelsea and after treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 by repeated measurement analysis and data analysis using diagram drawing. The recovery percentage formula (Ogles, 2001) was used to judge the rate of recovery.

The results showed that the approach of emotion regulation strategies improved avoidance and arousal in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder due to COVID-19. The percentage of recovery of avoidance and arousal in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder caused by the disease was between 52% and 68%.

It can be concluded that the approach of emotion regulation strategies improves avoidance and arousal in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder due to COVID-19 and this treatment can be used to reduce psychological problems in COVID-19 patients.

The present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the mediating role of maladaptive schemas and emotional expression in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in women from low-income families.

This research was a descriptive-correlational research that was performed by structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all women from low-income families under the coverage of Isfahan City Relief Committee, 209 of whom were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaires of sexual intimacy Batlani, Ahmadi and Bahrami (2010), Early maladaptive schemas Young (1994), Child Trauma Bernstein and Fink (1998), and Emotional Expressiveness of King & Emmones (1990). Research data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics, especially structural equation modeling.

The findings showed that childhood trauma doesn’t significant effect on the sexual intimacy of married women in low-income families (P>0/05); but it has a significant effect on emotional expression and areas of early maladaptive schemas (P<0/01). Also, among the domains of early maladaptive schemas, only the domain of listening and inhibition has a significant direct effect on emotional expression and emotional expression also has a significant effect on sexual intimacy (P<0/01). In addition, childhood trauma has a significant indirect effect on sexual intimacy only through the domain of deafness and inhibition and emotional expression (P<0/01). On the other hand, childhood trauma affects sexual intimacy by affecting emotional expression (P<0/01).

Therefore, childhood trauma can have an effect on sexual intimacy by influencing the field of listening and inhibiting and expressing emotions. Paying attention to the mentioned factors can help improve the level of sexual intimacy of women.

The aim of the present study was to identify the lived experiences of Iranian mothers from the role of mother-in-law. Research

The method of the present study was applied and qualitative descriptive phenomenology. The sample consisted of 14 mothers living in Isfahan who entered the study by convenience sampling method. Semi structured interviews were conducted, then implemented verbatim and analyzed by the Smith and Osborn’s method.

In this study, The role of mother-in-law in 4 main themes including the perception of motherhood after marriage, role-playing requirements, challenges and opportunities, communication skills, 15 sub-themes including supportive and guiding motherhood, conservative motherhood, motherhood Self-sacrificing with personal limitations, desirable traits and characteristics, challenges and opportunities of relationship with spouse, challenges and opportunities of parent-child relationship, challenge of cultural beliefs, an opportunity to respond to basic needs, challenge Care and management responsibilities, emotional challenges, maintaining boundaries, expressive and instrumental investment, joining the family of spouse child, joining the in-law, acting consciously and intelligently, and were estimated 69 codes.

According to the research findings, the role of mother-in-law is defined by the perception of a supportive, conservative and self-sacrificing mother, who is required to have desirable characteristics and traits and use communication skills to fulfill her role. Being a mother-in-law, while creating opportunities, also brings challenges for mothers. In general, facilitating relationships and family cohesion is the common essence of Iranian mothers' experiences the role of mother-in-law.

This research was conducted with the aim of modeling the structural equations of eating attitude based on self-differentiation, emotional reactivity and negative urgency with the mediation of emotion regulation difficulty in girls.

The method of conducting the research was correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research included all young girls, of which 284 were selected by cluster sampling. The research tools include the Garner and Garfinkel (1979) eating attitude test, the short form of the Drake, Murdock, Marszalek and Barber (2015) differentiation inventory, Lynham and Miller (2004) impulsive behavior scale, Watson, Clark, and Tellgen's positive and negative affect scale. (1988) and the emotion regulation difficulty scale was Gratz and Roemer (2004). To collect data, descriptive and inferential statistics and structural equations were used using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software. Bootstrap method was used in MACRO program to analyze mediating relationships.

The findings showed that the relationship between the structural model of eating attitude based on self-differentiation, emotional reactivity (positive and negative emotional) and negative urgency with the mediation of emotion regulation difficulty has a good fit (P<0.001). Differentiation relationship with negative and inverse eating attitude, relationship between emotion regulation difficulty and direct and positive eating attitude has been estimated (P<0.001). Also, positive emotional reactivity had a negative and inverse relationship with eating attitude (P<0.001).

The findings of this study emphasize the effective role of differentiation, emotion regulation and emotional reactivity in the attitude of eating disorders in girls. Therefore, the necessary training to regulate and control emotions should be done in this important segment of the society, in order to prevent the complications and consequences of disordered eating attitude, which is eating disorders.

AbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of developing a model of psychological well-being of divorced women based on public health, financial distress and social support mediated by positive thinking. The statistical population of the present study included all divorced women (20 to 45 years old) in Khomin city in 2021-2022. The sample size was 429 people and 3 non-random sampling methods were available. All completed the Goldberg & Hiller (1979) General Health Questionnaire, the financial distress of Prawitz et al. (2006), the social support of Zimet et al. (1988), the positive thinking of Ingram and Wisnicki (1988), and the psychological well-being of Ryff (1989). Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling using SPSSV19 and AMOSV20 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the variables of general health (0.20 and 0.14), financial distress (-0.18 and -0.17) and social support (0.33 and 0.20) had direct and significant effects on positive thinking, respectively. And had psychological well-being. In addition, positive thinking (0.15) had direct and significant effects on psychological well-being. The results also showed that the three variables of general health (0.10), financial distress (-0.10) and social support (0.11) have an indirect and significant effect on the psychological well-being of divorced women. Based on the results of this study, all three variables of public health, financial distress and social support have significant direct and indirect effects on psychological well-being through positive thinking. Therefore, this model can be used to strengthen and promote the psychological well-being of divorced women, and therefore the knowledge of counselors, psychologists, therapists, social scientists and other specialists of these variables to promote the psychological well-being of divorced women is important.