فصلنامه برنامه ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی
پیاپی 48 (پاییز 1400)

This study has investigated the relationship between population aging and social development in the Islamic world. Research indicators include 49 indicators of social development. The type of research is applied and the method of its study is "descriptive-analytical". The data and information studied have been collected through documents and libraries. Although the number of young countries in the Islamic world is much higher than the elderly and middle-aged countries, but the percentage of middle-aged and elderly population is higher. This is because most of the elderly and middle-aged countries are the most populous countries in the Islamic world. Social development indicators show that Qatar has the best situation in terms of these indicators among Islamic countries. In the next place is the United Arab Emirates and finally in the third place is Iran. The classification of countries based on the spatial correlation coefficient indicates that the UAE and Saudi Arabia are in the first category (high aging and high social development) and the African countries of Guinea-Somalia-Chad are in the fourth category (low aging and low social development. In most fourth-class countries, the fragile structure of economic foundations has not allowed their economic and social development.

Islam has always commanded its followers to acquire material (acceptable and legitimate) gifts. This study was conducted to investigate the religiosity and economic success of the wealthy in Tehran. The approach of Weber, Rodinson and Jamo has been used as a theoretical approach. The study population is all wealthy people living in Tehran. The sampling method was snowball. The data collection tool was in-depth individual interviews. A sample size of 15 people was selected, which was possible based on theoretical saturation criteria. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis coding. Based on this, 524 open and primary codes, 52 sub-categories and 8 main categories were extracted, which we classified into two categories of definite and fixed categories and relative and sensitive categories. The findings show that the studied religious people express their religiosity in "Wafiq" meaning adherence to religion, economy and social man, denial of symbolic self-egalitarianism, network support, understanding of position (definite categories), network identity ، Poverty, voluntary restraint, continuous evaluation / performance of activities (relative and sensitive categories) and therefore reproduce their economic success within the framework of a kind of benevolent rationality. The results show that religious people, by rejecting cost / utilitarian relations and avoiding economic man, manifest themselves as a kind of religious / social man whose criterion is benevolent rationality and bill of choice.

Today, happiness is one of the most important indicators of mental health in society and is one of the basic concepts and components in the lives of young people. In this study, the study of happiness from a sociological perspective has been considered and capital factors (social, cultural and economic capital) and non-capital factors (hope for the future, religiosity and life satisfaction) have been examined in relation to it. The present study was conducted by survey method and its statistical population is young people aged 15 to 29 years in East Azerbaijan province, that 613 of whom were selected using the Cochran's formula and multi-stage cluster sampling. Findings show that the average happiness among the studied youth is 60.31%, which shows that happiness has a moderate to high status among the youth . The results of the test of hypotheses show that the mean of happiness did not differ by gender and marital status, but by the level of education of young people, city of residence, employment status had had significant relationship. Happiness is also positively and significantly associated with the hope for the future, religiosity, life satisfaction, social and economic capital. The results of regression analysis show that, among the variables , variables of hope for the future, social and cultural capital, life satisfaction and economic capital explain 43% of the variance of happiness.

Loties of Khoramabad live in suburbs and down town districts and do some trivial jobs. The dominant culture of society has marginalized this subculture and made it into a subaltern other that is not able to adopt itself to the developments of modern society. The main question is that how do Loties experience this social exclusion in the context of their own subculture. This research, relying on the subcultural theory of Birmingham school and using critical ethnography, attempts to interpret the experience of social exclusion among Loties. Twenty members of this subculture have been interviewed and the data have been analyzed through the technique of thematic analysis. The findings are categorized under “samples of social exclusion”, “contexts of social exclusion”, “consequences of social exclusion” and “subcultural resistance to exclusion”. The first category includes the exclusion of Loties from neighborhood interactions, social participation, the field of education and modern lifestyle. The second comprises of being traditional playing, intergenerational poverty, essentialism, believing in impurity of Loties and media misrepresentation. The third one also includes consequences like economic poverty, preventing out-group marriages, migration, withdrawing the job of playing, hatred of dominant culture, concealing real identity and feeling of being useless. In this situation, Loties understand that the only way to redemption is to resist dominant culture through their own subculture.

An equitable education system can offset the impact of economic and social inequalities and in the context of education allow individuals to make the most of education regardless of their background. According to the constitution in Iran, education up to the secondary level is free, but due to privatization, this has not only not been achieved but has also led to the reproduction of educational inequality. Accordingly, the theoretical framework of this research is the views of Bulls and Gentis; The idea of ​​incompatibility/agreement, Bourdieu and the theory of reproduction; Michael W. Apple; Critical pedagogy, all of which provide critical insight into educational inequality. Therefore, we used the experiences of high school principals in Sanandaj as a basis for theoretical and experimental analysis to explain the situation of contextual, causal, and interventions of how to reproduce educational inequality, according to which 8 educational principals were interviewed. Continuous data analysis and comparison techniques were used to analyze the data. The results showed that increasing tuition costs acted as a precondition for outsourcing public education and a decrease in educational equity as causal conditions for educational inequality. Also, the economic orientation of private schools as intervening conditions in differentiating the educational sector at the individual, family, and spatial-urban levels is another factor and consequence of this educational inequality.

This study explores the belonging to a place in the new town of Andisheh after three decades. This town has gained a higher population among four new towns around Tehran, which was a reason why it was selected as a case for the study.The methodology of this study is based on inquiry, and 385 questionnaires were randomly distributed and completed on working days in public spaces of the area such as in parks, at doors, and in local stores. The analyses were performed based on expert opinions, and the questionnaires were quantitatively analyzed by using SPSS software. The correlation analysis method indicated that there is a significant relationship between objective and objective factors on the one hand, and belonging to a place on the other hand, and many of the indexes had significant relationships with spatial attraction (a combined variable of the questionnaire’s three main variables). Further, they showed that the new town of Andisheh has an improper position in terms of correlation and social interaction. In the readability and clarity of passages and intersections of the town, there were no specific features for the residents. Furthermore, the index of neighbor interaction was investigated for social interactions. However, half of the participants stated that they were not willing to leave the town.

This article understands the consumption situation of Zanjan urban society and has been done with the aim of examining of Embeddedness of demonstrative consumption. The study was conducted qualitatively in 1399. The study population is citizens (with university education) 20-65 age in Zanjan. Samples selected by theoretical and purposive sampling and following the theoretical saturation rule, they finished in the tenth person. Data collection tools and methods are open questionnaire and semi-structured interview.The validity of the instrument was assessed by reliability criteria and analytical comparison and audit techniques and interviews were recorded by taking notes and recording audio. Coding and analysis have been done in granded theory. Findings with 9 main categories and 21 subcategories showed the manifestation of demonstrative consumption in cultural and social elements. The main categories related to cultural elements, showed "prevalence of norms of demonstrative consumption" and "formation of new needs and belief in satisfying needs through demonstrative consumption" that follows "changes in the norms of social acquisition and mobility"and They lead to the "conscious surrender or choice of demonstrative consumption beliefs"."Financial constraints are not a determining factor, but only an intervention".The main categories related to social elements, first, they showed the "role of social relations in the occurrence of demonstrative consumption" along with "evaluative contradictions" and "contradictions of social provocations".and then they showed humor with the help of "imaginary irritability".