مجله مطالعات داستانی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 19، بهار و تابستان 1400)

theory of  Deconstruction is regarded as a common literary theory in late 1960s, the foundations of which were first laid by Jacques Derrida. It aims to reconstruct and rediscover the meaning of the text and to reveal the contradictions present in it.  By challenging certain systematic views about signs in terms of binary oppositions, endless play of signifiers, deconstruction, plurality of interpretations, polysemy and the like, Derrida undermined the rationalistic foundations and asserted that an ultimate meaning or a final signified can never be reached The endless play of signifiers, deconstruction, binary oppositions, supplement, archi-writing, trace and the like are considered among Derrida’s theoretical foundations. In the present research we intend to discuss two works by Sadeq Chubak, i.e. Tangsir and Sange Sabur, based on Derrida’s theory of deconstruction. In this way the capacity of Persian language would be demonstrated as to whether it bears to be tested by this theory or not.  Also the similarities of the two novels would be displayed according to Derrida’s theory of deconstruction. Till The  another approach of two  text  according to Derrida’s theory reached.

Philosophy program for children (P4C) is considered as valuable skills like pondering contents and various situations of life, and being able to argue, distinguish and judge. Matthew Lipman presented a novel approach in early 1970s which aims to teach children and teenagers by the ways beyond the old methods in traditional nurture systems. This approach applies story as the main tool. In fact, stories draw different life situations with high quality and make children get ready to face life problems logically. Therefore, P4C stories are enriched with literal, philosophical and psychological contents. The present study has analyzed psychological richness of “Labkhand-e-Anar” by Houshang Moradi Kermani applying descriptive-analytic approach. The findings reveal that a majority of the stories have high psychological richness, although if they are supposed to be used in P4C, the weaknesses must be corrected. 12 stories of this collection are optimal in terms of appropriate word use and three stories are rather optimal. Coherently, eight stories are optimal for children in terms of child’s perception, while six stories are rather optimal and one is non-optimal.

The short story “Lengeh Be Lengeh ” written by Zoya Pirzad, is a gender-based narrative of a woman's life. In addition, the reflection of the author's female mentality makes this story a good case for psychoanalysis from the perspective of sexual identity. “Female identity” is one of the main elements of the theory of Karen Horney, the founder of feminist psychology, which has been mostly focused on and effective in literary and analytical studies. This study seeks to identify the features of female identity manifested in the story of Lenge be Lengeha in line with Karen Horney's theory. This study employed a descriptive-analytical design. The results indicated that the female identity in this story is largely based on the criteria and definitions of the traditional female society and any conflict with these criteria is considered an identity crisis, psychopathology, and psychosis. This study employed a descriptive-analytical design. The results indicated that the female identity in this story is largely based on the criteria and definitions of the traditional female society and any conflict with these criteria is considered an identity crisis, psychopathology, and psychosis

"Cory" is an allegorical novel by Jose Saramago. In this novel, the blind devil who rules the inner animal is spoken about. In this novel, Saramago, using many dreamlike allegories and with bitter and biting humor, highlights the monotonous and incoherent life. Chubak in the novel "Patient Stone" also depicts a horrible nightmare of an advanced and industrial society with all the recreated possibilities. A society in which human dignity has been forgotten and returned to the era of barbarism.The contents of the two novels reflect the influence of Saramago and Chubak's worldview on the views of existential philosophers. The philosophy of existence has based its analysis of human destiny on three important inferences and has considered three signs of existence for it. The purpose of this article is to clarify the three principles of existence (benevolence, morality and faith) in these two novels.The results of the research indicate that the novel Patience and Blindness is full of existential components such as; Death is suffering, fear and sin.The characters of these two novels, as a result of the sufferings and sins they experienced in life, were purified in the test, and by passing from the stage of existential existence, they achieved moral existence and then the existence of faith.

Marzbannameh ,one of the most valuable works of classical texts, Includes stories and tales that in addition to its educational and moral value, the reflection of our ancient Iranian culture and civilization. The expensive and instructive tips of this book can be from the child to the ages of all classes of society but Technical prose and to a certain extent its artifacts are a major obstacle to achieving those concepts Which has drawn the attention of the replayers to this book. In this research, three rewritten works by Mehdi Azarzadi, Maryam Lotfali and Abdolmajid Najafi have been investigated and while measuring these works, we tried to evaluate their story elements and the origins of a creative rewrite As a result, it's a good idea to rewrite this awesome book. In these works sometimes the rewriters have been able to amplify narratives and personalities. They also changed the tune to the audience. There is no particular change in the angle of view and inside - except in rare cases. From these rewriters, Maryam Lotfali's text with the least creativity is most similar to the original text And the text of Mehdi Azarzadi and Abdolmajid Najafi have been more successful in updating the story in order of importance.

Social semiotics is a new approach in the review of the literature and language of signs is the result of the interaction of social actors in interaction the selection of directional, meaning the audience suggests, In this paper, we review two different pictures of the camp in the story "al-saqiro Yzhb Ela Al-mokhayyam" and "Al-banadq Fi Al-mokhayyam", the analytical method and relying on studies Halliday, to answering these questions: Choose the language in these stories, how to uncover the layers of meaning and discourse representations of the camp to act? Accordingly, the provisions of these two stories in the field of experimental, interpersonal and situational were investigated. The outcome of this approach is that Kanafani tries to pass the light from the darkness of despair to hope to convey to the audience, His stories of historical reality in the Palestinian camps by selecting the target language, encoding and showcases.Key words: social semiotics, short stories, Ghassan Kanafani.

Firouzeh Golsorkhi in her first collection of stories called I Am a Shadow focuses more on social concepts and human relationships in society and inevitable determinism. The title of one of the highlights stories in this series is the Tenant. In this story, due to the expression of social themes with a critical and sociological point of view have appeared realist and naturalistic components in parallel. Golsorkhi as realist writer expresses social problems in the form of fiction to find a solution for it. The most crucial realistic features that appear in the story of the Tenant are attention to objective facts, description and explanation of details, characterization and normalness and realism of characters, notice to contemporary society. Golsorkhi does not confine with a realistic narrative and audaciously described ugliness and critically describes some of the traditions that govern society. She embeds events into the story plan that cause immediate crises and result irreparable catastrophes. This fact allows Naturalistic elements to be present in the story and change it from a pure realist work to a realist-naturalist type. The most basic Naturalistic components that are possible they attend are the influence of the environment, to portray ugliness and the breaking of the false sanctity of words, the violation of moral and religious conventions, the pressure of the moment, and the catastrophic end. In this research, the descriptive-analytical method has been used and data collection was done through library studies. Finally, the realist-naturalistic components of the Tenant's story have critically investigated.

Writing a story in the style of magical realism has never been the dominant style of Iranian storytellers. However, the number of writers who have tried this method is not small. One of them is the well-known author Moniru Ravanipour. Moniru Ravanipour's novel "Ahle Ghargh" is much more known as a story in the style of magical realism. But how faithful is this story to the components of magical realism? This study intends to answer this question. After a careful analysis of the features of this style and a re-examination of the novel “Ahle Ghargh” in a new reading, it has been concluded that the author follows this style in the magical part of the story; but in the second part, he recedes from the components of magical realism. In cases such as breaking the author's (narrator's) voluntary silence, using stereotyped statements to make the story believable, conscious interfering in the construction of symbolic characters, creating multiple suspensions, changing the lost identity, and having a reporting tone, the story is distorted and it takes some distance from the style of magical realism.

Due to analysis of the narrated event in novel and great text famous for metropolis can be analyzed in different aspects; recommendation of some novels be thoughtful in opinion critics that we review one event in the common time and place and effects in the two great text (novel and family). One of historical events in specific text famous for city was child murder that involved mind and conscience of social pathologists. Narrator of tragic story is Akbar KHorramdin (father) that in several times assassinated and butchered his dears by himself and defended self by all satisfaction. Next to the historical narration is “Tasvir dokhtari dar akharin lahze”; novel that have common narration and action and emphasized by previous subject. Writer will try by attention to narrative framework and emphasized on Gerard Genette namely frequency, analysis child murder tragedy the result fanatically ideology as tragic problem in this research. Review and analyses of texts display patriarchy (parental phobia) in format Akbar and SHirzad character by special ideology and fundamental believes is narrated in the best tragic of status and novel is as subtext narrator quit events in the ground of great text namely city and family that besides of pathological functions will be represent of human crises in the new period.

Ibn Hesam is the first major processor of religious poetry and epic. Khavaran Nameh is the oldest religious epic in Bahre Motaghareb and is written in imitation of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. Khayvran's Poems cover about 22,500 bits about the wars of Hazrat Ali and its followers with the King Khavaran and other idolaters such as Tahmas Shah and Salsal Shah for the propagation of Islam. And casting disbelief in the Middle East.This study seeks to analyze the character traits in this epic poem. The significance of the character of the story is enough to say that it would not had happened anything if there hadn’t been any character in the narrative. The results of the study indicated that in eastern Iran, about 95 characters have been involved. Of which, 14 are dynamic characters and the rest are static. The frequency of each type of character are as follows: 81, 36, 8, 13, and 0. This shows that besides the static nature of most characters, Ibn Hussam described the exact and complete saga of his characters and discouraged from choosing stereotypical characters. He has also been involved in the characterization of this epic poem in both direct and indirect ways. In their expression, they sometimes describe them and sometimes display the actions of individuals, they know the audience. He has also been able to thoroughly explore the character and illustrate his art of writing.

The mythical critique is a branch of literary criticism that is most influenced by Yong's analytical psychology school, and examines myths and ancient prototypes in the structure of the literary work. The main point of connecting these two domains is the scheme of the “collective unconscious memory” and then the “ancient prototypes” that can manifest themselves in myths. Ancient prototypes that form the structural basis of myths are the primitive patterns of human psyche. The most famous of these ancient prototypes are Anima and Animus, which are the element of the evolution of the unconscious psyche of men and women. In this paper, the novel of Kaleidar, written by Mahmoud Dolatabadi, is studied on the basis of the mythical and ancient prototypes critique views to examine how the ancient prototypes of Anima and Animus are observed based on the characteristics of these ancient prototypes in female heroes of the novel.The results indicate the ancient prototype of Anima is visible in the beloved, the mother, the seductive woman, the inspirational woman, the living woman, and the manifestation of Anima is obvious in a woman with a masculine thoughts motivated by her husband, mother and sister. Animus's prototype is also visible in masculine behavior and spirits in women of Kaleidar.

Existential psychology is a trend in psychological studies that was influenced by the philosophy of existentialism in the second half of the twentieth century and soon became one of the most important branches of mental analysis. According to this psychological approach, death, freedom (responsibility), loneliness and emptiness (crisis of meaning) are the most important concerns of contemporary man, and the quality of dealing with these concerns is the cause of health or mental disorder. The novel "Wandering Island" by Daneshvar is one of the most important contemporary Persian fiction works that Its main theme is the confusion and astonishment of human subjects in the semi-modern Iranian society. In addition to paying attention to the issues of death, loneliness and the meaning of life, the author of the novel has made the subject of responsibility and decision-making a special subject of the story. This interdisciplinary research seeks to examine the subject of confusion, responsibility and decision in the novel Wandering Island based on existential psychology in a descriptive-analytical way and answer that question What types of divisions are the decisions of the characters in the novel? And these characters, each in a position to choose, and Each in a position to choose, to overcome the existential anxiety of being in a position of choice, which defensive method do they use? The results show that the wandering decision type has the most repetition in the narrative, and the characters in the novel use the trick of shifting responsibility to avoid existential anxiety.