نشریه علوم ورزش
پیاپی 43 (پاییز 1400)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the strategies to overcome the obstacles and challenges of implementing succession in sports with the Repertory Grid Approach. The present study was done by the mixed method. The purpose of the qualitative section was fundamental research which was done by the Repertory Grid Approach. The purpose of the quantitative section was applied which the data was collected by survey . The statistical population consisted of all sports management experts with a scientific background in organizational behavior issues. In the qualitative part, the sampling was purposefully (10 interviews), and in the quantitative part was a random sampling method (80 subjects). The research tool was a structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. We analyzed qualitative data by content analysis method, and MaxQDA software and quantitative data analysis were done by T-sample test and Friedman test and SPSS software. The results showed that all environmental, structural, and behavioral barriers, respectively, are obstacles to the implementation of succession in sports. Theoretically, the results can be used to complete the theoretical foundations of sports management. Practically, relevant managers can use the results to implement succession in sports organizations.

Adhesion molecules are mediators of atherosclerotic inflammatory processes. Blood levels of these substances have direct association with cardiovascular disease risk and elevate in heart patients. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of two continuous (cooper test) and interval (RAST test) exercises on levels of ICAM1, VCAM1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and L-selectin. 17 obese and healthy young females were randomly assigned into two groups of Cooper and RAST tests. Blood sampling was done before and after the tests. In statistical analysis, paired T-test was used for interring group comparison and independent T-test was used for between groups comparison. Analysis of data showed that except L-selectin, changes of all dependent variables after cooper and RAST tests were not significant (P>0/05) and only L-selectin levels after cooper test decreased significantly (P≤0/05). Also changes of all of variables between two groups were not significant (P>0/05). overall, one session interval and continuous exercise did not induce elevation of atherogenic adhesion molecules in obese young females that shows protective mechanisms in vascular endothelium in these persons possibly prevents injurious inflammatory response to exercise, thus obese young females can do exercise for weight reduction without anxiety for inflammatory complications induced by exercise trainings.

By measuring brand valuation accurately, it can be considered as a desirable scale correctly for evaluating the long-term effects of marketing. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explain and prioritize the brand valuation indices of Iranian Futsal Super League clubs using choline components, which was done as a descriptive-correlational study. The population included 168 futsal players, 28 coaches, and 14 club general managers, who contributed in the 1996-95 year season. The sample size of the study was 172 according to the return of questionnaires. The Faraji Brand Valuation Questionnaire (2012) was used, which contained 35 questions consisting of 7 components of choline valuation based on Likert's five-choice spectrum. The participants, on the whole, demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between the seven components of the main research model, which included the stability component, profit trend component, support component, geographical expansion component, protection component, leadership component, and market component with brand valuation. Additionally, the results showed that the support component is the most effective parameter in the brand equity of Iranian futsal clubs. Consequently, it is suggested that futsal clubs take serious advice and consultation to attract sponsors and financial support other than the government and provide the necessary foundation to support sports clubs.

 The main purpose was to investigate the effect of parental physical activity on children's physical activity: the mediating role of children's perceptions of parental support. The statistical population consisted of 9-11-year-old male and female students in Tehran and their parents (299610). Based on Morgan table, 384 students were selected and 400 questionnaires were distributed through cluster sampling. In this study, physical activity questionnaires for children of Kowalski et al. (1997), children's perceptions of parental support Wilk et al. (2018), and Physical Activity for parental of Craig et al.(2003)questionnaires were used. Results showed that parental physical activity (β = 0.12, t = 1.19) had no significant effect on children's physical activity. However, parental physical activity (β = 0.23, t = 2.36) on children's perception of parental support, and children's perception of parental support (t = 4.51, β = 0.39) on children's physical activity had a significant positive effect. Finally, the mediating role of children's perceptions of parental support on the impact of parental physical activity on children's physical activity was confirmed and the research model showed a good fit.

Obesity is related to cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and insulin resistance in overweight and obese women. Myonectin is a myokine that is generally secreted from skeletal muscle and inversely associated with obesity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training on serum levels of Myonectine and insulin resistance in obese and overweight women. In this study 21 obese women were allocated to exercise and control groups. Exercise training program comprised of 3 weekly sessions of 30 minutes of aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks that included running with 50 to 70 percent of maximum heart rate. 48 hours before and 48 hours after the last training session blood samples were collected and serum levels of Myonectine were measured. Analysis of covariance was used to assess differences between groups. Serum levels of Myonectine in the experimental group increased, but not significantly (p=0/08). and insulin resistance significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group (p=0.006). According to the results, that is increase serum levels of myonectin and decrease insulin resistance, on the other hand, concerning myonectin role in increasing fatty acids uptake, exercise training can play important role in decreasing obesity-related diseases and metabolic syndrome that respect to present study, this effect partly related to Myonectin roles.

Antioxidants are first line of defense against the oxidative stress produced during high intensity exercise. Since, obesity is also related to imbalance of oxidative- antioxidative system of body; purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 14 days of resveratrol supplementation on changes in serum levels of ceruloplasmin and malondialdehyde in response to one bout of high intensity exercise in sedentary overweight young men. For this purpose, twenty sedentary overweight young men selected and randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control). Subjects in both experimental and control groups participated in one bout of exhaustive exercise (Bruce Test). Then, subjects in experimental group (supplementation) consumed one capsule of 400-mg resveratrol per day for 14 days. In control group (placebo), subject consumed one capsule of 400-mg lactose per day for 14 days. First blood sample was taken before the study and second one was done immediately after Bruce test. At the fifteenth day and at the end of 14 days of supplementation, subjects in both groups perform the exhaustive exercise again and forth blood sample was taken immediately following their performance. Data analysis was done using repeated measures ANOVA, and paired t-test, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Finding showed 14 days of resveratrol supplementation had significant effect on serum levels of ceruloplasmin in response to one bout of high intensity exercise (P=0.043). It seems that 14 days of resveratrol supplementation has a significant effect on the improvement of function of antioxidant system of body in in sedentary overweight young men. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to understand the mediated mechanism.

The purpose of this study was to mediate the role of social networks in the relationship between online retail development with mental conflict and the intention of consumers to buy sports goods and equipment and providing a model. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature. The statistical population included consumers of sports goods and equipment, the exact number of whom was unknown. Data through a researcher-made questionnaire developed by online retail development, Weiss social networks (1396), mental conflict. Hair. Bahek (2000) and Intention to Buy Diallo (2012) were collected, which had previously been validated by experts and their reliability by Cronbach's alpha calculation. The data analysis method was structural equation modeling of variance based method which was done with the help of SPSS software version 17 and PLS version 2. Findings showed that the mediating role of social networks in the relationship between the development of online retail of sports goods and equipment with mental involvement is statistically significant (P <0.01). However, the mediating role of social networks in the relationship between the development of online retail of sports goods and equipment with the intention to buy is not statistically significant (P <0.05). Since the mediating role of social networks in the relationship between online retail development and mental engagement was significant, these retailers are offered the opportunity to develop their retail by planning appropriate strategies in this Improve the context and strengthen the aspects that lead to development in order to increase the level of mental engagement of their customers.

Movement patterns disorders can lead to injury, although can result from athletes' injuries and the absence of proper rehabilitation. Studies on risk factors are necessary to prevent sports injuries. The present study aimed to predict predisposed athletes according to injury history and functional movement screen test (FMS). Twenty-seven professional female athletes (15 handball and 12 futsal athletes aged 20.67±4.35 and 21/58±3/05 years old respectively) participated in this cross-sectional study. At first, the consent form and personal information were completed by the subjects, and their injury history was recorded according to the standard injury history form, and then they participated in the FMS test. Subsequently, athletes' injuries were recorded during training and competition for a period of 6 months. Data were analyzed by Kappa, t-test, Fisher exact test, and Regression logistic with SPSS and alpha level set at α=0.05. The results of the study showed that the history of injury can significantly predict FMS test scores (P <0.05). In addition, athletes with a history of injury are more predisposed to injury. Athletes with a history of injury and FMS scores less than 17 were more 4 times predispose to sports injury than athletes with FMS scores above 17. Coaches, athletic trainers, therapists, and sports rehabilitators can design an accurate and effective injury prevention model by taking an injury history and performing FMS in line with other pre-season participation examinations.

The purpose of this study was to identifying the contextual factors influencing the empowerment of physical education teachers. The present study is practical in terms of intention, strategically descriptive and in terms of data collection method is a survey research that has been conducted in the field. Statistical community are professors, academics and education executives who were directly or indirectly related to physical education issues and had unique expertise and information in the field of sports management, physical education and empowerment courses. Also, physical education teachers of East Azerbaijan province are statistical samples, where in the section of experts were chosen with theoretical saturation method and in the section of physical education teachers, they were selected in the form of relative cluster from different regions and areas of East Azerbaijan province Education using Krejcie and Morgan table. Questionnaire and interview tools were used to collect information. Cronbach's alpha index was used to ensure the content and the structure validity of professors and experts in sports management and factor analysis. Data analysis was performed by using Smart PLS software and structural equation modeling method. The results of structural modeling while fitting the model showed that cultural factors, communication, technology and economic factors are the contextual factors affecting the empowerment of physical education teachers and among them, technology and communication have the greatest impact on the empowerment of physical education teachers.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of managers of physical education faculties at the Islamic Azad University with a 360-degree evaluation approach. For this purpose, by studying research literature and reviewing the research background; dimensions, components, and evaluation indicators of the managers were extracted, and based on this, a questionnaire with a Likert scale in 11 dimensions and 100 questionnaires was designed. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by using the consensus of experts. The reliability coefficient was obtained and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test as 0.92. The statistical population of the study included students, staff, professors, faculty directors, and physical education departments and heads and deputies of universities with a faculty of Physical Education at Islamic Azad University. The statistical samples were obtained by census method and also by using the Morgan table. The results of the research showed that the ranking of the evaluated subjects of managers varies from the viewpoint of the evaluating groups so that from the point of view managers, professors, heads, deputies, students, and staff, respectively, the dimensions of leadership skills, technical and vocational skills, work communication and quantitative and qualitative processing of information have the highest priorities and dimensions of judgment, leadership skills, change and innovation, leadership skills and change and innovation, respectively have the lowest scores and ranks. There is a significant difference between the assessing groups in the eleven dimensions discussed. The evaluation of managers from their point of view, professors, superiors, and students is optimal and from the employee's point of view, is moderate.