نشریه روان شناسی فرهنگی زن
پیاپی 50 (زمستان 1400)

The aim of this study was to test a causal model of domestic violence based on mind reading through the eyes and childhood psychological maltreatment mediated by the quality of marital relationship in traumatized women. The statistical population of the study consisted of all married women traumatized by domestic violence in Ardabil in 2021. The number of subjects was 300 who were selected via convenient sampling method and participated in the study online. The research method was descriptive and correlational. To collect data, Haj-Yahia Domestic Violence Against Women Questionnaire (2002), "Reading the Mind in the Eyes'' Test of Baron and Cohen (2005), Childhood Psychological Abuse Scale of Coates and Messman-Moore (2014), and the Marital Quality Scale of Basbi et al. (1995) were used. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the variables of mind reading through the eyes, childhood psychological maltreatment had a direct effect on domestic violence in traumatized women; And these variables through the quality of marital relationship had an indirect effect on domestic violence in traumatized women. The domestic violence in traumatized women causal model goodness of fit was also confirmed using various indicators.

The present study aimed to analyze the victimization of women in Sadegh Chubak Sang-e Sabur's (Good Listener) novel based on criminal sociology. The statistical universe was the mentioned work and the studied sample embraced the victim women of the novel. The research design was qualitative discourse analysis, and data was collected through note taking on index cards. The data was analyzed by content analysis method. The results showed that one of the current crises of human society is the growing violence and victimization of women. Abuse of women is considered a common problem in all countries of the world and has complicated consequences. This issue has been reflected in Iranian fiction, especially in the works of Sadegh Chubak, so that the main structure of his stories was vulnerable women. He tried to show the most important social harms of his time with a realistic view of the surrounding issues, especially in the novel Sang-e Sabour. Sadegh Chubak considered the women to be more at risk of violence than others. In the dimension of violence, he focused more on psychological violence in the private sphere and non-marital violence and economic exploitation in the public sphere. He attributeed this, on the one hand, to the patriarchal social conditions of the reign and, on the other hand, to the common economic problems of the era, such as poverty and lack of suitable jobs. Therefore, concerning the doctrines of criminal sociology, this novel can be linked to the theory of daily activity and, lifestyle and it can be analyzed from criminological and sociological point of views.

The current research intended to compare the social situations of women in the Sassanid and Qajar eras. The research universe included women's motifs in the art works such as coins and paintings. The sample subsumed Sassanid and Qajar women clothing in the cultural data of these periods. The research was designed as historical descriptive and comparative study. Data was collected based on the library records, available documents and index cards note taking. The data was analyzed by qualitative procedure. The results revealed that women in both periods countered specific jurisprudential readings of the official religion of their era and in both periods were ready to accept major external changes. In the first case, Islam and in the second case, the wave of globalization and modernism entered the country and changed the position of women. Although women faced restrictions in the Sassanid and Qajar periods, they engaged in activism, social activity, and even influence over important governmental affairs under the guise of society. In the Sassanid period, this role was largely obvious and transparent; but in the Qajar period, in order to fulfill their desires, they had to fulfill their desires through men and the influence of their gender role.

The aim of this study was to explain the sociology of factors affecting women's participation in public sports in Gorgan. This research was a qualitative in which the Grounded Theory method was used. The statistical population of this study included elite female athletes, coaches and experts in the field of public sports, specialists and professors of physical education and sports sciences. Using snowball sampling method, 15 individuals were selected as the sample. In order to ensure the reliability of the obtained data, two methods of retest reliability and intercoder reliability were applied. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Based on the analysis, 46 open codes were extracted, which were classified into 5 categories (subcategories): personal barriers, family barriers, facilities and economic barriers, cultural barriers and social barriers. According to the results, it could be concluded that part of the barriers to women's participation in public sports were related to personal factors and the other part was related to environmental and social factors. It is suggested that by increasing women's awareness about the benefits of physical activity and also removing some cultural, environmental and social barriers, the necessary ground for women to participate more in public sports should be provided.

The research was intended to examine the causal model of academic engagement based on attitudes to education and future career and academic self-steem by mediating of academic buoyancy in female Islamic Azad University students. The statistical population embraced all female students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University in the academic year of 1398-99. The sample subsumed 299 female students whom were selected by convenient sampling procedure. The research was designed as descriptive of correlational type. To collect data Reeve “Academic Engagement Questionnaires” (2013), Attitudes to Education and Future Career Questionnaires of Hasanlu, Hassan Nejad & Khazaei Pool (2017), Academic Self-Steem Questionnaires of Nouri, Mirshah Jafari & Saadatmand (2015) and Samoelz “Academic Buoyancy Scale” (2004) were implemented. Path analysis method was applied to evaluate the proposed model. The results indicated that all the direct paths except the path of attitudes to education and future career to academic engagement were significant and the indirect paths via academic buoyancy to academic engagement were significant. The findings also showed that the proposed model had an optimum goodness of fit.

The object of the present research was the analysis of the social status of rural women in the Ikhanid period based on the Haas village cemetery gravestones. 200 gravestones were intact which by non-probabilistic sampling procedure 20 gravestones that contained the maximum data on women professions were selected and studied. Concerning the object, the research was a qualitative with descriptive-analytical method. To obtain the data, in the initial stage, based on field studies, the necessary documentation such as photography, redesign and interpretation of inscriptions and motifs were proceeded. After presenting the descriptions and library information, the data were reviewed by analytical method. The results indicated that, with the arrival of the Mongols in Iran, the situation of women changed and they were able to play a freer role alongside men in the various society affairs. Historical sources as well as artistic evidence showed the prominent position of court women (especially the Ladies) in political and social relations, and no data were available about rural women of the period. Meanwhile, on the tombstones of Haas Cemetery, rural men and women were depicted who, during their lifetime, each held a job in a social position and had acquired a social status commensurate with their profession. This was recognizable by the type and dimensions of the tombstones, artistic techniques, inscriptions, motifs, as well as objects on the tombstone. Men in professions such as farmer, rancher, hunter, musician and servant, and women in “Varni” weaving (durries weaving), who played a prominent role in the livelihood of the society of that period, enjoyed a similar position with men.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the choice theory implementation on hope, resilience, and psychological well-being of divorced women in Ahvaz. The statistical population embraced all Ahvaz divorced women whose process of their legal separations was completed at the time of the investigation. The research sample consisted of 40 divorced women selected through purposive sampling and was randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (20 subjects in each group). The research design was a quasi-experimental of the pretest-posttest type with a control group. The data collecting instruments utilized in this study were Schneider et al. Hope Scale (1991), Connor & Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and Reef Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (1989). The experimental group received the choice theory intervention consisted of 8 weekly 120-minutes group sessions. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any interventions. After a month and a half, follow-up phase was performed. Data were analyzed applying multivariate as well as univariate analyses of covariance methods. The Results showed that the implementation of choice theory was effective on hope, resilience and psychological well-being in divorced women. The results were similar across target groups and were generally maintained at follow-up phase one month and a half later as well.

The purpose of this study was to explain the common characteristics of righteous women in the Holy Quran and the Bible. The understudied universe was the verses of the Holy Quran and the Bible. The sample of the research particularized the divine verses of the Holy Quran and the Bible in relation to the common attributes of righteous women in the Holy Quran and the Bible. This research was descriptive-analytical and the data was obtained through documents and libraries. The analysis was performed using the data obtained from Quranic verses and the Bible. The results of the present study indicated that in the Holy Quran and the Bible, attributes were expressed for competent women in both individual and family domains. According to the Holy Quran and the Bible, righteous women in the personal sphere have attributes such as faith, righteous deeds, piety, chastity, truthfulness, modesty, hijab, refraining from showing off and being none lascivious. Also in the family field, competent women were introduced with traits such as being nice in the life with husband, housekeeping and parenting.