نشریه پژوهش های جغرافیای اجتماعی
پیاپی 28 (زمستان 1397)

Development in all parts of the country does not have a balanced structure. The villages of Iran are often involved in different issues, the most important of which is hidden or seasonal unemployment. In the meantime, tourism is one of the ways in which the ability to attract domestic and foreign capital and the subsequent economic, social and cultural development in human societies is followed. One of the areas that can contribute to sustainable tourism development is the free- trade-industrial zones in every country. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Anzali free-trade zone in creating employment and sustainable tourism development. The descriptive- analytical method and the required data using documentary resources and library studies, field observations and distribution of questionnaires to tourists and related authorities, as well as by studying the socio-environmental conditions of this area and by reviewing the activities and development plans of the Free Trade Area Anzali Industrial Company was compiled with the goals of sustainable tourism development. SWOT analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that Anzali Free Trade Zone is in a good geographical position and could be considered as a tourist hub due to the Caspian Sea's neighbors with the ports of other countries of the Caspian Sea. Regarding the high potential of the region, sustainable tourism development can result in job creation, increased income, economic, social and cultural development in the region.

Nowadays security in cyberspace has become increasingly important given the growth of technology and e-commerce. Many of the services and facilities provided in the virtual world have become more important. Virtual security is perhaps the most significant issue for countries, because the necessary condition for threatening the virtual world is the widespread use and connectivity of electronic information networks and is a sufficient condition for the digitization of the socio- economic, social and political infrastructure of society. Therefore, in light of the importance of security in cybernetics, the authors of this paper, by asking the question "What are the components that affect the development of security in cyberspace?" using descriptive-analytic method, using library studies, we have tried to analyze the components that influence the development of security in cyberspace. Research findings indicate that criminals and criminal groups, terrorists and extremist groups and hackers are one of the most important security threats in cyberspace, as well as protecting cyberspace, immunizing this space, developing security policies and creating cybercriminal centers of the most important solutions for security development in cyberspace.

The phenomenon of smuggling commodities and currencies is a multifaceted phenomenon, including economic, social, cultural, which is the most important economic aspect. The economic aspect of smuggling commodities and currencies leads to the withdrawal of the economy from the healthy path, the formation of underground economies, the reduction of GDP, the decline of industries and domestic production, the reduction of government revenues, increased unemployment and reduced investment security, and, on the other hand, changes the pattern of consumption and destruction of identity Nationalized country. This paper, which was descriptive with a tool for collecting information through documents and library, while investigating the smuggling of goods and currency and its impact on the country's economy, tried to provide appropriate solutions for controlling and dealing with smuggling goods and currency in line with the situation. And the economic situation of the country, attracting and directing the resources available in the country's economy. The results of the study showed that smuggling goods and currencies could slow down economic growth, creating a sense of economic insecurity, increasing hidden costs, disturbing circulation of money and goods, and imposing harmful effects on the economic system.

This research aimed to investigate the factors affecting the severity of motorcycle crashes in the east of Guilan province using a sequential probit model to provide practical solutions for reducing the severity of motorcycle riders' crashes. In this regard, crash data of motorcycle riders of the east of Guilan province was used. Considering two levels of rigidity and fatigue, as a dependent variable, a discrete selection model corresponding to this category of accidents was considered. At first, using the Chi-square test, the significance of the model was shown. Then, the effect of independent variables in the model was determined and considering the significant variables in the final model, the effective factors and their impact on the occurrence of accidents were identified. In summary, the results showed that among the seven independent variables, road surface status, lighting conditions, age and weekly levels with a significant level of 0.95, road surface status with the highest coefficient, had the most effect on the incidence of road accidents. Among other variables, then the brightness and age conditions were the most effective with the coefficients of 0.668 and 0.474, respectively. The climate variable with a reduction coefficient of -0.357 had the highest effect as a decreasing factor in the occurrence of accidents.

Without a doubt, the cost, benefits, and methods of combating crime prevention today are one of the fundamental considerations of different countries in the world. Expenditures such as costs before crime, crime, and crime are very significant to society, and one of the duties of the police force is to prevent crime. The purpose of this study was to "examine the cost and benefits of controlling theft of crime in Guilan province". The method of qualitative research was used to answer the research questions using the basic data method. Data collection was done in several ways such as interviewing, observing and reviewing documents. The statistical population of the study consisted of all people in the law enforcement and judiciary who have a control over the crime of robbery. Data analysis was carried out using three open, axial and selective coding stages with the application of T-Atlas 2.5 software. After the coding, categories of direct cost of theft, including police costs, car and motorway costs, burglar and burglar charges, and the cost of police cultural activities were identified. According to the results of this research, the indirect costs of theft included the costs incurred by the burglar, the burglar's expenses, the cost of money, the cost of the prison, the costs of the judiciary. The benefits of controlling the crime of direct theft include the benefits of saving the lives of the police, the cost of saving at the checkpoint and the ambush, the benefits of saving at the expense of the detention center, the benefits of saving the burglar, the benefits of saving Cultural activity of the police. The benefits of controlling the crime of indirect theft include the individual's interest in not stealing, the benefit of the family of the person who did not steal, the interest of the person who was not stolen from him, the interest of the prison, the benefits of other sectors of society, the benefits of the state.

Most of the anti-corruption training that currently exists for the police in developing countries lacks an appropriate focus and is not provided in the manner of a coherent concentration. It tends to be delivered primarily in the form of police orientation to existing anti-corruption laws, or other criminal laws in general. It also does not provide a thorough understanding of the phenomenon of corruption and how it looks within policing practice in the society, nor does it impart even basic knowledge and skills on how to adhere to professional standards and avoid the temptation of accepting gifts, favors or gratuities, or engaging in other corrupt acts. The purpose of this work is to set out one suggested model of a basic training framework and approach for curbing police corruption in developing countries pursuing democratic policing. It outlines learning goals and training objectives, proposes a training approach model, suggests training content and coverage, and indicates the expected outcomes from the training approach and process. The article draws on the author’s fieldwork experience in police anti-corruption and ethics training, and assessments of best practices in training to improve police integrity and ethical behavior in developing countries. It advocates for the application of problem- based learning as the most appropriate and successful training approach method to curb police corruption in developing countries.

Recent crimes against tourists continue to receive international attention. The travel industry has been placed in the position of allocating its scarce resources to convince tourists that it is safe to travel. The security issue has necessitated the tourism/visitor industry's viewing of law enforcement agencies as a vital component within the industry. This article discusses research on US police attitudes towards tourism, develops a 'tourism quotient indicator' to aid practitioners in choosing those officers who are most sympathetic to the tourism industry, and introduces a ground-breaking program on how policy can become an active component within the tourism system.