نشریه پژوهش های جغرافیای اجتماعی
پیاپی 20 (زمستان 1395)

Accidents occurring annually in the urban street are associated with financial and fatal losses as well as the waste of time and energy. Statistics show that a significant percentage of the city accidents are associated with pedestrians. The universal experience considers factors such as pedestrian and driver characteristics (age, gender), environmental characteristics (climate, lighting, etc.), the type of road (highway, home, etc.) and physical and geometric characteristics of the road as the parameters affecting the pedestrian accidents. Every accident is caused by several parameters; hence the safety studies have always tried to achieve models for determining the accident process. Thus, the present study analyzes the chain and the pattern factors of accidents, pedestrians in rasht city through identifying the factors affecting the number and severity of accidents and also collecting the required data and using path analyzes and rough set theory. So, it is possible to adopt useful strategies through focusing on those accidents. This study investigated the detail implementation of the 669 forms of pedestrian accident information which took happened in Rasht City within 12 months of 1393. One of the important results of this study showed that a large percentage of pedestrian accidents happened in speed roads and the elderly pedestrians were at a greater risk of fatal crashes, as well as the majority of injury accidents took happened during the period of 12 to 20 pm and accidents resulted in death occurred at night during the period of 20 to 1 am.

In border cities, if employment and the economy as the two effective elements on the border livelihoods to be considered and government supports the created jobs, not only young people will not exit from these cities, but will lead to more prosperity to the cities. Therefore, following the development of border regions through economic measures and job creation, certainly, secur ity will prevail. This paper aims to analyze the role of border security and create jobs, case study of "Astara", Guilan Province, in a dynamic economy emphasising on the security components and providing employment and economic development strategy guide accounting border markets. Also, this study aimed to notice smuggling of goods linked to residents' needs, in order to create stability and security in the border areas of the coast, with the question: “to what extent border markets has a role in job creation and dynamic economy in Guilan province”. The research method was descriptive-analytic and data collected through library collection and analysis of documents. This research, noticing on factors of development, occupation and security, investigated the role of coastal border markets in the resident’s livelihoods. The results showed that the border markets have important roles to secure employment, economic development, security and livelihood of border citie residents.

This research aimed to investigate a sociological survey of factors effective of fashion effecting fashion tendency among the student of Azad university of Masal. The theoretical frame work of the research consisted of theoretical social of stratification, Sutherland"s differential theories and sexual relation theories. Statistical population of this research consisted of all of the students of Azad university of Masal focusing on educational reform examined on 100 samples. The survey has been conducted using questionnaire to gather the data.The results of this research showed that there were no direct relationship among social- economic base and fashion tendency. But there were direct relationship among friendly group and fashion tendency. Also, there were relationship among relation with opposite gender and fashion tendency.

This study aimed to examine the impact of social networks in cyberspace (internet and mobile) on marital satisfaction which it was conducted in Rasht. For this purpose, the scientific method (analysis and comparison group) was conductedamong 205 married students (132 female and 73 male) from governmental and private universities of Rasht.using the questionnaires of social networking cyberspace (internet and mobile) and Hudson's marital satisfaction. The collected data analyzed using SPSS software version 20 ,Pearson correlation, univariate analysis of variance (in a 2 × 2 factorial design). The results showed that as the time of internet social networks usage increased, the marital satisfaction significantly decreased. But the relationship between the hours of mobile social networking usage and marital satisfaction was not significant. The main effects and interaction of gender and the usage of internet and mobile phone on marital satisfaction, as well as the main effects and interaction of gender and the usage of social media, the internet and mobile phone on marital satisfaction score were not significant. In general, the results indicated that although the usage of social media, internet and mobile phones, reduced the marital satisfaction, but the reduction was not significant.

Because of the frequency of accidents in urban streets, urban streets safety is one of the major issues in the field of traffic safety and transportation. The older road users (pedestrians, drivers) are the most vulnerable groups of road users. Statistics shows that about 30 percent of all accidents occurred in crashes in which older users (above 50 years) are involved. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting these users and determine their efficacy based on the occurred accidents. This study was performed using data of all accidents registered in Rasht city streets in 1393 and 1394 obtained from traffic control office of police. After data classification, for accident analysis, path analyzing and logistic regression methods used. The results of path analysis showed that in connection with elderly pedestrian accidents occurred on urban streets, human factors, environmental factors, lighting, weather conditions and vehicle factors had the greatest impact on the severity of accidents, respectively.. The result also showed that the highest indirect impact of variables belong to weather conditions. For older drivers, variable at-fault vehicle had the greatest impact on the severity of accidents. Also, human factors (older drivers) and environmental factor (lighting and weather conditions) compared to other factors had a greater impact on the severity of accidents on urban streets.