نشریه پژوهش های جغرافیای اجتماعی
پیاپی 6 (تابستان 1392)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between occupational statuses with propensity to social security. The method of this research is a survey. Population size of this research includes all over-18-year-old citizens in Rasht city. The sample size was determined about by using Cochran formula with the percentage of acceptable standard error with confidence coefficient of %95 and degree of accuracy %5. The sampling method and data collection, due to the nature of population size, were questionnaire and multiple-cluster sampling, respectively. Questionnaire is the data collection instrument in which its validity and reliability has been calculated by experts and university professors and Kronbakh-α, respectively. The results of the study show that, objectively there is a significant difference between occupational status and propensity to Social damage (social security). Also at the subjective level, this research reveals that there is a significant difference between occupational statuses with the sense of security.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sociological factors of Theft from public –private places and compare two groups of citizens and thieves in independent variables in the city of Rasht in 2012. The research method and data collection instrument were casual comparative and questionnaire. Population size of this research includes all over-18-year-old citizens (sample size =320 people) and thieves (sample size =80 people) in Rasht. The sample size was determined by using Lin formula about 430 people (primary questionnaire). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 15) from both descriptive and inferential statistics. In this study, theft from public– private places considered as the dependent variable and inner control (including three items, belief, family attachment, leisure time) and outer control ( including supervision by family, supervision by police, relationships with friends and crime records of close relatives) and demographical variables are considered as independent variables. Results indicate that there is a significant difference between two Groups of thieves and citizens in terms of inner and outer control. Similarly, there is a significant relationship between education status and type of activity in theft from public– private places. The results revealed from multiple regressions indicate that inner control was most significant effective variables.

Urbanization growth and consequently increasing challenges in the cities are the most significant issues for urban management authorities and experts. One of these challenges is disrupting the order and occurring crimes in urban areas. Every year a huge amount of money is spent by police organizations and security agencies to reduce crime and create a safe environment. Nevertheless the root of many crimes is weaknesses in the design of urban areas. This paper intends to introduce safe design approaches, investigate the most important ones, and identify the most comprehensive of all. Therefore, having high adaptability with Iran’s conditions and positives and strengths of other approaches, CPTED approach has known as a modern way of safe design. This approach has completely been analyzed and finally, its solutions and principels have been stated.

Human resource is considered as the most effective and integrated factor to move forward and achieve the preplanned goals in an organization. Meanwhile, there are factors which play a great role in doing the tasks by persons, change the performance of the person and consequently the organization in general. One of these factors is psychological –mental tensions and factors. This study intends to investigate the tension, its sources, activities of police staff, tension and women's job, the role of organization in creating tension, the role of organization and managers in reducing the tension, methods of tension reduction. It is hoped that the present study improve police performance.

Generally created because of unemployment, false jobs can cause cultural and social problems, give rise to increasing of crime and provoke social damages. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of false jobs on social security of the citizens in Rasht to investigate the relationship between the variable false jobs and the variables unemployment, propensity to hype, street conflicts, theft, fraudulence, vandalism, divorce, drug dealing, hope in future, and the sense of social security by citizens. This is an applied descriptive research of a causal-comparative type. The population size of this study includes people over than 20-year-old citizens 645000 people of Rasht city that sample size of false job and other jobs were200 people in which have been calculated separately. The instrument was questionnaire. ϰ2 correlation coefficient and t-test were used for the investigation of the relationship and the comparison means of two groups, respectively. This study shows that there is a significance difference between variable, false jobs and variable; unemployment, propensity to hype, street conflicts, theft, fraudulence, vandalism, divorce, drug dealing, hope in future the sense of social security. Meanwhile, there is no significant relationship between false jobs and divorce. Finally, this research reveals that one of the main causes of false jobs is unemployment and due to the activity and involvement of young generation in false jobs the likelihood of social damages in this group is more than that in other jobs.

Leading to the population mixing in urban areas, the rapid growth of urbanization and the increasing urban population has given birth to the importance of planning and security in urban issues. Due to the needs of its citizen, an urban community has a wide range of requirements such as lighting, shelter, security and so forth. Barring biological needs, safety needs are the most important needs of human beings that psychologically reflect the inner peace, tranquility and avoiding structural chaotic and disorder of the community. Good organization and preparation strategies in order to achieve the security and planning goals against any threat in urban spaces, buildings, organizations, facilities and infrastructure, and other elements in the urban life that creates anxiety and insecurity in citizens, are the main results of upholding the passive defense principles. The main purpose of passive defense is immunization, reducing vulnerability based on the survival and the maintenance of order and security, reducing environmental disruption, transportation costs, pollution, wasting time doing things, increasing citizens’ comfort, administrative justice, computerization, order and the like. The relationship between man, space, his activities and considering passive defense, urban planning offers the hope for sustainable development. The core of the largest population density of Guilan province, the highest level of human resources, investment, economic and infrastructure, Rasht metropolis city has been faced various threats and inconveniencies that can put increasing pressure on the transportation system in the critical times. Therefore, comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the arteries, uses, and potential risks of Metropolis City from the perspective of passive defense is necessary more than ever. Hence, this paper intends to investigate the relationship between passive defense and urban security and order to identify and recommend its desirable situation.