Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability
Volume:3 Issue: 1, Winter 2021

Nowadays, Urban settlements are experiencing gradual and, in some cases, sudden changes, which cause a lot of damage. However, by studying these effects before crisis occur and planning and planning to prevent these cases, it is possible to increase the tolerance of cities against accidents, which is called resilience. Resilience is a multi-dimensional concept and does not have based criteria and frameworks. In the present study, with the purpose of assessment the urban resilience of the residential neighborhood of Raste-kuche, located in District 8 of Tabriz, based on the indicators and criteria extracted from the existing theoretical foundations and frameworks. Data collection was done in the form of libraries (documentary and statistical) and survey. Measurement calculations in the form of maps and tables and assessment of social and institutional dimensions of 375 questionnaires by researcher-made method in Likert scale on ranking scale, as a sample size based on Cochran's formula with an error rate of 5% (95% confidence interval) in a simple random manner Distributed. The numerical value of the indicators in this study is expressed as a percentage to eliminate the need to normalize the indicators and by defining the optimal limit (the degree of resilience of global resilience samples) for each index, the resilience distance of each index with the optimal limit is obtained and the results indicate Due to the low level of resilience in the neighborhood, the distance from the optimal limit is very high in some indicators, and in preparing plans and plans, worse cases should be prioritized.

Physical development of cities, especially in the second half of the present century, it turns out that habitable land under the influence of factors. The objective of the study is to explain the mechanisms affecting urban development in Boroujerd and its influence of sphere into a model. In this study, the effect of economic and social factors or mechanisms on Boroujerd’s urban development and its regional penetration was studied. Employment and its diversity in Boroujerd city have led to the attraction of immigrants and the retention of the population in the city, which is largely dependent on the economic activities of workshops and industrial companies. Considering the urban structure of Boroujerd and also examining the theoretical foundations of the factors affecting urban development, which is referred to as a mechanism with the word mechanism, in general, economic as well as social and cultural factors can be used as an approach.

The rapid and increasing growth of urbanization and the consequent increase in urban population have had various consequences in various fields, the most important of which are the increase in consumption and demand for energy resources. Important factors affecting energy consumption by buildings; Density, diversity, design and other statistical characteristics. Hence, the concept of energy in the building is formed as clusters of classifications in urban contexts in the context of the concept of morphology. Therefore, building  species  as  cells  of  this  concept  determine  the  degree  of  energy  efficiency  The  method  of  data collection is as documentation and using Bing Map data reference and data generation. Case study sample on a scale of 500 by 500 as an isolated urban fabric in the explained scales, different building configurations, the common types of which have been selected and simulated according to the form structure of Khorramshahr urban  settlements.  Energy  considerations  were  also  explained  by  using  energy  consumption  model  that presented in context of urban morphology. the findings of the current research show the energy consumption status according to the evaluation of morphological variables. It is the morphotypes as well as the climatic parameters that have determined the specific results of each case and also provided the appropriate type and rating.

Geometric features and horizontal arrangement of buildings on the site are among the items that have been studied in evaluating the amount of energy consumed in interior spaces. Among these cases, we can mention the street edge line as the regulator of these parts and the border between urban and private space. This study examines the effect of these depressions and protrusions of building components at the edge of local passages on the amount of heating and cooling energy consumption of residential units by keeping the rest of the components constant and focusing on the geometric features of the road network. In this study, a residential area in one of the old neighborhoods of Isfahan, which is organically formed and has a suitable distribution in terms of changes in the edge, was selected due to its location in hot and dry climates. Then, the existing buildings in two retreat modes, one based on the existing edge line and the other straight line, in order to equalize the conditions, the heating and cooling energy consumption of each were modeled to determine the effects of light access and shading on each other. According to the results, the total energy consumption, including heating and cooling energy, is 11% less in buildings with irregular edges than in buildings with smooth edges and identical edges. These results show the effect of street edge geometry as one of the physical features of roads in optimizing energy consumption.

Today, topics related to climate change and energy have found a special place in urban studies. Both issues complement each other, because less energy consumption, especially non-renewable energy, can produce fewer greenhouse gases and, on a larger scale, reduce their impact on climate change. In this regard, the main purpose of the present study is to extract an optimal thermal energy model based on urban morphology that can help to analyze comparatively the urban typo morphology in the most appropriate way and provide policies for observing the basic concepts. This study is analytical descriptive research and in terms of purpose is applied research. Library research, data extraction from the database, and data creation by relevant software were used to collect data. Then, using dimensions and indicators extracted, figure-ground maps  with  certain  measures  were  provided.  Finally,  out  of  25  different  types  of  building  configurations recognized in Berlin and Tehran, five common Morpho-type were selected to be simulated and evaluated by using purification technique According to the results, the typo-morphological samples selected from each city had different behavior as to the amount of thermal energy and the configurations with higher density indicated  better  energy  efficiency. Average  building  height,  building  density,  and  surface  area-to-volume ratio  were  recognized  as  good  criteria  for  thermal  energy  efficiency  and  had  a  positive  correlation  with thermal energy demand. As the main result of the study, some policies are presented.

New urban planning paradigms have provided a new framework based on sustainable cities for urbanization. Nowadays, a smart solution is submitted by day and these solutions make cities radically change the way they are managed today. According to this view, various dimensions can be offered for a sustainable smart city. To determine the smart sustainable city concept, need to define the dimensions of a specific city are smart and sustainable. So, this study aims to analyze the causal relationships of sustainable smart city dimensions. therefore, a fuzzy DEMATEL solution is developed and presented. The population is 42 urban developers who are chosen reasonably. A pairwise matrices questionnaire was made to compare and match each couple of criteria. A group of experts evaluated the correlation between criteria. Then, the linguistic variables were put into triangular fuzzy numbers and then their opinion about the criteria was collected. After that, the crisp total direct relation matrix, the fuzzy, and the normalized matrix of direct relation were calculated. Findings showed that Policy factors affect all six other factors and are influenced by all the other factors except Environmental factors. Governance factors influence all six other factors and are affected by Policy and Business factors. Economic factors affect all the other factors except Governance factors. Environmental factors are affected by four other factors (Policy, Economic, Governance, Inhabitant). The Inhabitant factors have the most interaction (influence/influence) with other criteria and since (D_i-R_i) is negative for Inhabitant factors, so this criterion is a net effect. The Governance factors after Inhabitant factors have the most interaction (impact/influence) with other criteria and since (D_i-R_i) is positive for Governance factors, so this criterion is a net cause. Given that the value (D_i-R_i) is positive, the criteria of Policy factors, Economic factors, and Environmental factors are also net causes. This approach can develop a robust management approach that can be used in different smart city environments.

Children are considered as the future makers of a country, an important part of society, and it is necessary to pay attention to their quality of life in the city. Child-friendly cities are safe and safe urban environments that are a good platform for the development of children of all ages, and the concept of friendliness is one of the new topics that has lately been set up in the creation. According to recent studies, the need to explain the criteria and indigenous indicators of a child-friendly city with a focus on improving the urban environment and its standardization is strongly felt and providing a conceptual framework and structure, especially. The present study is an analytical-descriptive method and in terms of purpose, is an evaluation and ultimately applied-development. The method of data collection is library and survey. In this study, according to the type of problem and purpose, the urban area scale has been proposed.

Today, with the increasing population, high growth rate of poverty and the collapse of economic classes of households for economic reasons, the phenomenon of urban poverty has spread, which with consequences such as lack of housing and the formation of informal settlements in the city, has caused low quality of human life. Is. Informal settlements are not able to produce the desired quality of urban due to the unsuitable context of social interactions and practically spread their identity inefficiencies. Identifying and recognizing these contexts as well as evaluating the causes of formation can be important from a managerial point of view. Problems such as high unemployment, pressure on urban services and infrastructure, and severe inadequacies in providing housing for urban residents have subsequently led to large-scale migration, which will lead to the formation of a study infrastructure. Brought. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of the formation and how to identify informal settlements to evaluate the socio-economic criteria such as migration in the context of urban poverty. The method of the present study is analytical-descriptive that the analytical scale of informal settlements in the context of social problems such as migration was proposed and thus the sub-criteria and migration index with the aim of identifying the lower neighborhoods and the bed forming informal settlements correlated with urban poverty. High economic and social reasons for the origin of migration and the appropriate context of the destination can be the main reason for this phenomenon.

Urban fabrics today face a number of structural problems that have a lot of impact on the extent of damages. Urban form as comprehensive idea, composed of all visible elements of the urban center, whether natural or artifact, and the spatial crystallization and form of the activities of the urban community, which is exemplified by its three-dimensional nature, in addition to the surface, in bulk. This composition includes human artifacts, buildings, road networks, open spaces and urban facilities, and natural elements such as topographical complications, currents and vegetation, and the study of its resilience can be a shortcut to measure the stability of the system on an intermediate scale. The aim of this study is to explain the structure and optimal model of the resilience in the urban form of the worn-out neighborhood. In explaining the urban regeneration approach. Finally, with the formulation, explanation and emphasis on the fundamental concepts of sustainability, which is one of the most respected developers in developing countries, our country can, given the ancient history of historical cities in most of the metropolis of the country, and changing the nature of the type of intervention in Development of tourism as well as optimization of tissue efficiency and these issues are considered as a principle in most urban design projects. To suggest researchers in the future research, we can examine the more accurate relationship and the quality of the relationship between burnout and inefficiency in neighborhoods, which expresses and analyzes the type of this intersection as a systemic relationship.

The ESG index is one of the terms that has been recognized over the last decade as a tool to identify the status of companies. Named after combining the first three letters of the words Environment and Social Concerns and Governance, this index measures aspects of the activities of companies and organizations; Analyzes that are less covered in conventional economic and financial reports. On the other hand, good urban governance in the face of a government-centered urban management approach has been approved and emphasized by international and national organizations and it is mentioned as one of the prerequisites and characteristics of sustainable cities. The data of the foundation is to provide a model for good urban governance with emphasis on ESG principles and its main concern is to identify the dimensions and effective indicators in governance and ESG in urban management. The statistical population of this study includes specialists, experts, university professors, managers, and urban surveyors who have selected the snowball sampling method and conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with predetermined questions. Data by grounded theory method They have been coded and analyzed. For data analysis. Finally, the model of good sustainable urban governance based on ESG concepts is explained. This model is a new strategy in reforming existing management practices and the result is sustainable development and employment in good urban management.

Urban third place are places that bring people together, unplanned , suddenly and creatively, in order to build a community. Third places in Iran in its two international and traditional categories are mixed with Iranian culture and play a key role in people’s lifestyles. Urban open-air cafes, considering their open form, which has a common chapter with urban space and central landscape by branching from the architectural space, practically have a kind of public and semi-public spaces that are very important in shaping the social quality of urban fabric. The present study is analytical-descriptive and in terms of aim, is evaluative and ultimately applied. The method of data collection is library and survey. In the present study, using the existing theoretical literature and data analysis using the content analysis method, the principles of formation of third places and also the quality of the socialization index and its conceptual framework were explained. In the case study, individuals were constructed in the form of Likert scale on a ranking scale, as a sample size based on the Cochran’s formula with acceptable reliability and according to the average population of Tehran district 2, by simple random sampling method and also for evaluation some variables were improperly distributed and analyzed using SPSS software. The results show the high importance of urban third places such as open-air cafes that can change the quality of urban design in a context and increase the quality of socialization. According to these findings, the studied cafes have a situation in cases where variables such as social interactions in their three forms in the first place and also the qualities of aesthetics, flexibility of space, access and services in the second place have received high scores. It was more appropriate and also when variables such as dynamics, activity and comfort were moderate, variables such as climate and protection had the greatest impact.

Earthquake is a natural and inevitable phenomenon which can cause huge losses of life and economy. Due to locating on seismic belt and its seismic condition, Iran country, is very sensitive to earthquake. The aim of this study was seismic sustainability of Lavasan city, to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of buildings based on the HAZUS method and geographical information system (GIS). Some information such as type of structures, number and size of floors, population of each regions, soil types and etc were gathered and used the risk analysis software SELENA for calculating. In this method the response curve gained from soil type based on IBC-2006 standard and damping effect for all kinds of structures with the methods listed is calculated in Fema-440. This output includes infrastructure damaged by the type of structure,  probable  loss  of  life  and  damage  to  property,  inflicted  by  the  design  based  on  Iranian  Code  of Practicefor Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings. The old area of Lavasan city, including areas 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12, shows the highest ratio of damages