نشریه مطالعات مدیریت گردشگری
پیاپی 56 (زمستان 1400)

The present study seeks to identify the factors affecting the behavior of tourists toward environmental protection activities. The research method has based on meta-synthesis. After searching for specific keywords in two journals, Google Scholar and Web Science, 198 articles have extracted. Eventually 40 articles were coded and analyzed manually. The selected articles were divided into two categories, which included tourists' behavior towards the environment and explaining the behavior of indigenous people towards the environment. After extracting the sub-themes, the factors influencing the explanation of tourists' behavior towards three main themes can be suggested: indicators related to tourists - country of origin and destination country. Finally, by comparing the two categories of research, it can be suggested that consumers' perceptions of uncontrollable external factors such as the roles of governments and the understanding of chance/fate factors can explain the gaps in the present predicting the tourists' behavior toward the environment.

In recent years, some countries and destinations have used brands to describe themselves; As "tourism nation branding" has become one of the main focuses of tourism marketing studies. On the other hand, tourism development depends more on tourism policy-making than the known underlying factors, which imply the determination of governments to develop this industry, and it reflects in high-scale documents and laws and as well as in monitoring their proper implementation. This study is designed to analyze the branding approach in macro policies of tourism. The research is descriptive-analytical and qualitative. After reviewing the research background, tourism nation branding policies were extracted from the content of the selected documents by thematic analysis. Then 229 primary codes were categorized into 63 basic themes, 21 organizing themes, and four global themes entitled (1)Nation tourism branding, (2)Components, (3)Effects, and (4)Factors affecting it. Finally, the thematic network was drawn and the results were interpreted.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of organizational capacity on the competitiveness of Sarein spa tourism destination and consequently the research model is quantitative. The required initial data were obtained using a questionnaire and composed of a statistical population of tourists and experts from executive organizations and services related to the tourism industry based on 200 randomly selected samples in a purposeful manner. Findings indicated that from the perspective of organizational capacity development, the components of leadership capacity and especially communication are weak. Also, from the view point of competitiveness, apart from the appropriate conditions of the resource quality component, the other two components, namely destination management and the competitive performance component, are not in suitable conditions to promote tourism development. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that the components of organizational capacity development have a positive and significant effect on the competitiveness of Sarein spa tourist destination.

This study generally models experience management approaches with the aim of discovering the value creation process in the tourism industry. In the first stage, using the meta-combined method, the dimensions of the tourist experience were identified and in the second stage, a questionnaire was prepared using the quantitative method and distributed among 440 tourists who had traveled to Malaysia, UAE, Azerbaijan and Turkey in the past 5 years. The model was then validated using AMOS24 and SPSS24 software. Findings show that the stage experimentation approach includes five dimensions of experience (sensory, emotional, cognitive, mental, novelty) and the experience approach to co-creation dimensions (behavioral, value, social, practical and informative) of experience. The use of a combined method to identify the dimensions of experience and modeling of experience management approaches has been one of the innovations of this research. The results confirm the questionnaire of this research.

Since a large part of the leisure time is devoted to watching movies, this capacity can be used in tourism marketing. In the present study, with a case study of the film "What's the Time in Your World?", The effect of film nostalgia on tourism marketing has been investigated. Required data were collected using an online questionnaire and research hypotheses were tested by SEM-PLS. Findings indicate that respondents who feel nostalgic for the location of the film, music, story and actors have a strong motivation to travel and visit the destination. In addition, film nostalgia has a positive effect on creating and maintaining tourist attractions, music tourism and following actors, which, apart from music tourism, have a positive effect on travel motivation. Tourism industry operators can use the findings of the present study to develop and implement strategies to use the nostalgic capacity of film in tourism marketing.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of green human resource management on bio-environmental citizenship behavior and environmental-friendly behaviors in the hotel industry.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of method. The statistical population is the managers and employees of 4 and 5 star hotels in Yazd and Kerman. Sampling is by cluster sampling method and 203 employees. And the managers of these hotels were selected as a sample. The data collection method was a questionnaire and data analysis was performed using structural equations.

The research findings showed that green human resource management has a positive and significant effect on employee environmental participation, environmental citizenship behavior and employee supportive behaviors. Also, environmental participation and environmental citizenship behavior of employees have a significant impact on the environmentally friendly behaviors of employees.

Tourism is one of the flexible and dynamic industries that has different dimensions and types. Green tourism is one of the most important types that many countries pay special attention to today. One of the dimensions that can be fruitful in the direction of green tourism is the field of environmental policy making. This scientific and executive field, which is carried out in line with environmental protection measures and activities, can create favorable consequences for communities. The main purpose of this study is formulation of environmental policy making desired pattern in the context of green tourism, which uses a mixed method to investigate the issue. The approach used in this method is a partially mixed sequential dominant status design approach that is done in three phases: qualitative-qualitative-quantitative. In this research, three methods of "focus group-grounded theory-survey" have been used to formulate and confirm the model, respectively.

Many industries with predetermined plans have been completely suffered losses from the Covid-19 pandemic since March 2020, when the World Health Organization recognized it. The inbound tourists to Iran in the first six months of 1399 has decreased by almost 96%, affecting Gross Domestic Product, employment, imports, and income distribution. The purpose of present study is to investigate the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the employment of Iran's tourism sector using the labor force statistics of the year 1398 and the updated input-output table of the year 1390. The results extracted from the calculation of the direct, indirect, and induced effects show that 456,000 out of 4,575,000 people working in the 13 sectors related to the tourism industry have lost their jobs. Wholesale and retail services, road passenger services, and transportation support services have the highest ranks of employment lost among the 13 tourism-related sectors.

Economic valuation of tourist attractions can be very effective in determining needs, eliminating deficiencies, and as a result tourism development. So, the present study was conducted to estimate the economic value of Namir Garden in Yazd province using the individual travel cost method. In this method, the travel cost production function was estimated based on semi-logarithmic from and using the ordinary least squares regression method (OLS). According to the results, the variables of travel cost and arrival time are effective factors on the number of annual visits. The number of visits decreases by 0.001 and 0.5850 percent by increasing one unit in traveling cost and reaching time to the garden, respectively. The consumer surplus per visit was estimated 21000 Rials and the total average recreational value of the household was estimated 913500 Rials per year.

, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of multiple consumption values of tourists (functional, emotional, social and cognitive value) on attitudes toward local food and food destination image as effective factors in the occurrence of behavioral responses by tourists in the future (Intention to recommend local food to others and intention to revisit a destination for food tourism) is in the context of stimulus-organism-response. The method of the present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive method, which has been localized using a questionnaire and the required data collection method has been collected. The statistical population of this study includes all tourists who have eaten local food in one of the parts of Iran. Using G-Power software, 400 acceptable samples were collected. Data analysis was performed using correlation analysis and structural equation modeling with the help of Smart PLS software.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the challenges and barriers to the development of indigenous food tourism in the Iranian restaurant industry. In this study, according to the need to use the lived experiences of people involved in the research topic, the qualitative research method and phenomenological approach were used. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 experts who had local food restaurant management experience using standard axis sampling and snowball sampling until saturation. Findings indicate a six-dimensional structure including marketing barriers, low availability, poor context, intra-institutional challenges, intra-corporate challenges and government challenges. Findings of the study are effective in identifying and understanding the barriers to the development of indigenous food tourism and their elimination plays a significant role in promoting the tourism industry in Iran.

It is an important issue that what is the most productive service or efficient designing part as a distinctive factor between a tourism app and its competitors in the highly competitive environment in this field? In this survey, as the first step the Tourist Mobile Apps (TMAs) functional criteria (success factors) are extracted by an appropriate literature review, and opinion of experts who have competitive intelligence knowledge. Then a case study is done on five famous tourism apps in the accommodation sector using the Fuzzy ANOVA. According to the achieved results, users believe that there isn’t any difference between considered applications in criteria such as “Reliability of M-technology”, “Perceived ease of use”, “Perceived Trust”, “Perceived Cost Transparency” and “security issues”. Consequently, the first group is identified as critical success criteria and has more influence on user satisfaction and subsequently, success of tourism mobile app.