نشریه پژوهش های جغرافیای اجتماعی
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1391)

One of the main purposes of development in most countries is reducing unemployment and expanding job activities. Due to the fact that no exhaustive study has been done regarding the role of employment in social justice and creating the sense of security for citizen, this paper intends to investigate analytically the role of employment as a root and essence of any security, economic prosperity, and an increasing range of and justice. Previous investigations show that the more dominance of the principles of freedom, competitiveness, collaboration and meritocracy, the more capability of the society for attracting man, invest, administering justice, innovation and job creation and consequently leads to more accelated rate of economical growth and material welfare for the citizen. Actually, police and judicial staff should not be the sole source of maintaing the security and discipline and social justice. Essentially, economical –social development of each area, more specificslly, job creation, should be done by considering capacities of that area and making appropriate decisions and planning and posing fruitful subjects. Funamental concerns of security must be gradually eliminated.

Discipline and security of society and its function in the, economic, social and cultural policies is increasingly growing. The presence and impact of this phenomenon in the community an the citizens’ benefit of this security which is a great social right is the criteria to assess the level of development of human societies. from one hand one, of the main and effective factors on security and discipline is removing unemployment and creating job. lots of factors affect on unemployment. recognition of this factors can help the politicians and decision makers identify the caveats and plan appropriately in order to remove these obstacles. to this aim, having reviewed the litrature in the realm of unemployment and utilized the related experts’ ideas, this study has been initialy dealt with identifying effective factors on unemployment. next, in order to investigate the importance and effect of each factor on unemployment, these factors have been prioritized by using phasic hirarchical analatic method and related experts’ ideas in Guilan province. the results of this study revealed that manegerial ,economical educational and socio-cultural factors have priority, respectively. besides, among sub-criteria, the number of decision making centers and existance of parallel organizations, inadequate investing in last years, inefficiency of governmental management in economical affiars in the country, lack of investment security and capital flight from Iran, Poor management of the bank in leading bank deposits to production are five factors of unemployment in the province. one of the consequences of unemployment is increasing insecurity the, therefore, spacial attention must be paid on youth employment, because employment is one of the pivotal factors of security and discipline in the society.

One of the most serious social and economic problems of contemporary era is drug and psycho addiction.with increasingly youth΄s intention to addiction¸while decreasing age of consumption and fast growth of intention toward psycho drugs such as Amphetamines and Ecstasy in yiuths¸specially university students the problems will be more significant in our society which have destroying personal¸social¸educational and cultural side effects.By consumption of hollow drugs¸impacts not only the user but also his family¸society and its cultural traits because the latent function of this probkem will threaten health and security of society and will produce social bankruptcy in several fields.Whth no attention to this serious problem and its effects¸the conditions fall into loosing social norms and values.This research tries to find an answer to this main question:"what social factors force the university students to consumption of psycho drugs?" It is also the concern of this study to examine the effects of some independent variables such as peers¸social and economical status of users¸family¸religious beliefs and entertainments on dependent variable¸intention to consume psycho and addictive drugs.The theoretical framework of this study derived from two main theories¸Hirschi(1990)theory of social deviation and control and Sutherland(1947)theory of Differential association.All the hypotheses and research questions turn around these theories.The research method for data gathering is survey and population includes Rasht universities student during educational years of 1386 to 1387 .the sampling method is multistage cluster sampling which the samples are selected randomly from universities and their Dormitories.After data gathering for data analysis¸descriptive methods and also inferential statistics such as chi square have been applied to test representativeness of data to population.finally regression avalysis examined the reiationship between variables.the findings confirmed all the hypotheses. There are significant and positive relationship between all independent variables and rasht university students´drug addiction except religious beliefs which the direction of relation is vice versa.

Women’s Hijab (dress code) is one of the most important issues in our society which sould be dealt with meticoulosly. It is considered as one of the main index in evaluation of moral and cultural status in the society by many political cultural and social sections in the country. It is also one the topic which worth studing in the domain of women’s affairs. Due to its importance, the present study intends to investigate the causes of youth tendency to improper Hijab(dress code) in Bandar Anzali. The method of this study was Survey. Population size of this study were 1600 people. Using Cochran formula, the sample size of this study has estimated 194 people, which was analyzed by Cronbakh-α. the numerical value of α calculated for this study in two steps was more than 0.7. D-Sumers test was used to investigate relationship in hypothses of the study. The results revealed that therte is a relationship among sattelite programs and expanding improper Hijab, fashion-orientedness, using forign mass media. Therefore, three hypotheses of the study are accepted. There is no relationship among observance of religious practices and local culture and tendency to improper Hijab, which rejects two other hypotheses of the study.

The aim was to examine the effects of group training techniques in job-search training on later reemployment and mental health. The participants were 278 unemployed workers in Finland in 71 job-search training groups. Five group-level dimensions of training were identified. The results of hierarchical linear modeling demonstrated that preparation for setbacks at the group level significantly predicted decreased psychological distress and decreased symptoms of depression at the half-year follow-up. Trainer skills at the group level significantly predicted decreased symptoms of depression and reemployment to stable jobs. Interaction analyses showed that preparation for setbacks at the group level predicted fewer symptoms of psychological distress and depression, and shared perceptions of skilled trainers at the group level predicted fewer symptoms of depression among those who had been at risk for depression.