نشریه پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 58، بهار 1401)

Anabolic-androgenic steroids popular among athletes have many beneficial and harmful effects on the body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explain the effect of 8 hours of moderate intensity resistance training with licorice and Boldenone extract on sperm cells, Sertoli and Leydig testicular tissue of male rats.

For the present experimental study, 40 8-week-old male rats weighing 20-220 g were selected and divided into 8 groups of 5, including healthy control, resistance training, and bulldon, Licorice, Boldenone + Licorice, Boldenone, Resistance Training, resistance training + licorice and resistance training + Boldenone + licorice were divided. Then, the resistance training groups performed moderate-intensity training 8 times a week and three times a week, the Boldenone groups received 5 (mg / kg) Boldenone once a week, and the licorice groups received weekly exercise. They received 500 (mg / kg) licorice three times. 48 hours after the last training session, rats were anesthetized by injection of ketamine (70 mg / kg) and xylarine (10 mg / kg) and after incision in the anterior part of the abdominal wall, testicular tissue was removed and tested Stored in refrigerator-80. Finally Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the means of spermatoid, sertoli and testicular tissue of male rats in different groups.

According to the results of the present study and the effect of exercise and licorice, it is recommended that athletes use these exercises and licorice in consultation with a physician.

Using herbal products like Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) plays an important role in wound healing. This study aimed to evalutea the curative influence of Aloe vera (AV) fresh gel on healing of open cutaneous wounds in mouse.

Mice were 1) pseudo-control (sham): wound treated with physiological serum; 2) wound treated with 2 gr AV fresh gel. Two equal full-thickness skin wounds were made on vertebral column in the sacral region. On 8th and 16th post wounding day, skin sampling for the purpose of gene expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF-R) under RT-PCR evaluation was taken place. Urine samples were used to determine the concentration of hydroxy proline (HP) as a marker of collagen turnover in wounds, using HP assay kit.  

AV fresh gel could up-regulate the expression of FGF-R gene as compared to negative and pseudo-controls (P<0.05). In addition, HP concentration was incresed in AV gel-treated groups comparing to others.

We revealed that AV fresh gel was capable of healing wounds via elevation in collagen turnover and represents a good candidate for a wound healing process in human and animals.

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, which is made up of melanin pigment cells.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of endurance training and nettle consumption on BCL-2 and TNF-α gene expression in mice with melanoma.

The subjects included male Wistar rats that after two weeks of adjustment were randomly divided into 4 groups including: control, exercise, extract and exercise + extract. Exercise program included 30 minute of running on a treadmill was steep and at a speed of 16 meters per minute for the first week, and every week one meter per minute was added until the eighth week it reached 22 meters per minute. One week after melanoma induction, the experimental group consumed 30 mg / kg / day of nettle ethanol extract orally for 8 weeks. RT PCR was used to measure gene expression.

Data analysis showed that consumption of nettle extract and endurance training significantly reduced the expression level of BCL-2 and TNF-α genes in mice with melanoma in different groups (p = 0.000, p = 0.025, respectively). The results also showed that the difference in the level of changes in BCL-2 and TNF-α gene expression between the exercise and extract group with the control group (p = 0.002, p = 0.014, respectively) was significantly reduced.

Regular physical activity combined with consumption of nettle extract can probably reduce anti-apoptotic factors and cause apoptosis in cancer cells by reducing inflammatory factors.

In the past few years, the use of safe stimuli of vegetable origin has increased in aquaculture. Ginger is one of the medicinal plants that has been used in aquaculture in a number of studies. Ginger has attracted much attention due to its important effects on growth and health

In the present study, changes in hematological and some blood and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout with mean weight of 45.80±3.60 g by adding 0, 1, 3, 6 and 10 g / kg ginger extract in the diet for 8 weeks were evaluated.

The results showed that the use of ginger extract in the diet of rats, white blood cells, hematocrit and lymphocytes in the 10 g / kg treatment had a significant difference with the control group (P <0.05), while hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, neutrophil counts and monocytes showed no significant difference (P> 0.05). Total protein, total albumin, and total globulin also showed a significant difference with the control group (P <0.05), but glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride did not significantly (P> 0.05).

The results of the present study showed that the use of ginger extract in the diet changes some blood and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout blood and improves the health of rainbow trout.

Antibiotic resistance can complicate the treatment of infectious diseases of livestock and poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of genes encoding resistance to quinolones and sulfonamides in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from pericarditis and periphepatitis lesions in broilers to provide a suitable background for treatment with these drugs in these lesions.

In this study, for detecting of resistance genes to fluoroquinolones and suvanamides, 50 bacterial strains were isolated from broiler chickens with pericarditis and periphepatitis and E. coli colonies were confirmed by microbial and biochemical tests. Then, the resistance of the strains to the commercial antibiotics (Enrofloxacin and sulfonamide + trimethoprim) was evaluated by the conventional antibiogram method. In addition, the bacterial genome was extracted by boiling method and the qnrA and sul1 genes were amplified with specific primers to evaluate antibiotic resistance against fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides.

In this study, 54% of enrofloxacin-resistant strains possed qnrA gene and 48% of sulfonamide-resistant strains plus trimethoprim contained sul1 gene. In this study, resistant strains without studied resistance genes were also found, which indicates the importance of other resistance genes in the development of resistance against sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones.

Evaluation of antibiotic resistance against enrofloxacin and sulfonamides is not possible with the help of one gene and to accurately determine antibiotic resistance, routine phenotypic tests are more effective than detecting a specific gene.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common pathogenic bacterium in the genus Klebsiella. Every year, about 2 million children under the age of 5 die from pneumonia. Due to the acquired and inherent resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated against a wide range of antibiotics, its control and treatment appear to be critical. The aim of the present study was to use Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles in vaccine design the LPS antigen of Klebsiella pneumoniae K2O1. So far, no work has been done on this strain of bacteria to make the PLGA-LPS vaccine. In the study, the results obtained from the tested mice showed that the mice were vaccinated. Immunized and titrated antibodies of IgM 315 cfu / well, IgG 321 cfu / well, and SIgA 365 cfu / well, elevated and in mice with invasion factor in patients and spleen and lung tissues, number of people compared to unvaccinated mice Is. Has gone to zero.

In the present study, the LPS antigen was extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae K2O1 by centrifugation and detoxified with phenol.Then the LPS antigen was conjugated to polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to confirm conjugation with nanoparticles. To evaluate endotoxin of the vaccine designed Tested by Limolus amoebocyte lysate assay (LAL test). success of antigen and nanoparticles conjugates based on the size and charge of antigen-containing nanoparticles was confirmed by the zetasizer.

FT-IR results the shape of the corresponding peaks confirmed the presence of antigen-functional groups in the nanoparticle structure and the formation of bonds. AFM microscopic images of nanoparticles containing LPS antigen and nanoparticles before conjugation showed an increase in the binding sites of nanoparticles after conjugated. Change from initial sharpness to puffiness after conjugation proved the success of antigen transport by nanoparticles. Fever was not observed in rabbits and mortality was confirmed in BALB/C mice.

The results showed that the vaccine was effective in immunogenicity and therefore suggested as a candidate for an effective vaccine against Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Among the squirrel family (Sciuridae), the yellow ground squirrel (Spermophilus fulvus) has the longest summer sleep. Summer sleep of these squirrels begins in late winter and continues until late February. The aim of the present study was Evaluation of Embryonic Development in Yellow Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus) and Electrophoresis Comparison of Serum and Cytogenetic Proteins of TheseSquirrels with Gray Squirrels (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Iran.

In this project, a large number of babies were collected from several nests in May, and their development was examined in the laboratory.In this way, it was found that these squirrels give birth once a year, with 5-7 babies per calving.48 squirrels (28 males and 20 females) were collected from northeastern Iran (Mashhad and Bojnourd), western Iran (Kurdistan, Hamedan, Qazvin, and Zanjan), and northeastern Iran (Pīr Aḩmad Kandī, Kelisay-e Kandy, and Nadu village) to identify the species of ground squirrel (Spermphilus).The globulin and albumin proteins of all samples were first tested using the SDP-PAGE technique.

According to the results, in the sedimentary range of globulin proteins (G = Globulin), the samples collected from northeastern and western Iran formed 5 electrophoretic bands and those collected from northwestern Iran formed 11 electrophoretic bands.Besides, in the sedimentary range of albumin proteins (A = Albumin), the samples collected from northeastern and western Iran formed only one electrophoresis band and those collected from northwestern Iran formed 4 electrophoretic bands.During the karyological studies according to the method proposed by Ford and Hamerton, karyotypes were obtained from bone marrow cells to confirm the results of electrophoresis studies on the distribution of two of these squirrels in the collection areas in Iran.The results indicated that the karyotype of the samples collected from northeastern Iran (Mashhad) and western Iran (Qazvin, Hamedan, Zanjan, and Kurdistan) had 36 diploid chromosomes (2n = 36) and that the karyotype of the samples collected from northwestern Iran (Mako) had 42 diploid chromosomes (2n = 42).

According to the results of electrophoresis and karyological methods, among ground squirrels, Sprmophilus fulvus species are distributed in northeastern and western Iran and Spermophilus xanthoprymnus species are distributed in northwestern Iran.

Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disease that can cause damage and cell death or apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene of heart tissue and insulin resistance index after intense intermittent exercise and consumption of thyme honey in diabetic type 2 rats.

The statistical population consisted of rats. After 20 weeks of high fat diet and injection of STZ became diabetic. Rats in 4 groups: control(n=6),HIIT(n= 8),thyme honey(n= 6),HIIT-thyme honey (n=8) trained HIIT for eight weeks, five sessions per week with intense 2-minute intense alternation with 2 to 8 alternations and with 80 to 90% vo2max and one-minute rest alternation with 50 to 56% vo2max.Thyme honey was given by gavage at a rate of 3g/kg 5days a week. Glucose, insulin and expression of Bax and Bcl2 genes and their ratio was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using two-factor analysis of variance test and determining the effect size and Bonfroni post hoc.

HIIT and thyme honey decreased Bax gene expression and increased Bcl2 expression in heart cells (P<0.05). HIIT and thyme honey in diabetic rats led to improved glucose and insulin levels and decreased insulin resistance index. It also decreased the expression of Bax gene and increased the expression of Bcl2 (P<0.05).

HIIT with thyme honey led to improved glycemic profile and changes in glucose and insulin levels, as well as positive and appropriate changes in the expression of cardiac and anti-apoptotic genes.

Canine intestinal parasitic infections that can be transmitted to humans are widespread. One of these infections is toxocariasis caused by Toxocara canis. The aim of this study was to investigate the contamination of the hairs of different dogs (domestic, herd, guard and stray) as a risk for transmission to humans.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on the 201 domestic, guards, herds, and stray dogs in Kermanshah to investigate the contamination of the hair. Hair washing method and also the Graham method was performed to detect infection with Toxocara species eggs

The results showed that 44.27% of the studied dogs were infected with Toxocara eggs by Graham method and 36.81% by hair washing method. In both methods, puppies under six months of age showed significantly more infection than dogs over six months old (p≤0.05), but the difference between males and females was not significant. Also, the rate of infection in domestic dogs was significantly lower than that of herding, guard and stray dogs (p≤0.05). Although there was no significant difference between hair washing method and Graham method in terms of infection rate, but in dogs with short hair, the amount of infection in Graham method was significantly higher than the hair washing method (p≤0.05).

According to the results of the present study, the infection of dogs in Kermanshah with Toxocara species is high. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of human infection, it is necessary to create preventive programs.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of docetaxel on the survival rate and in vitro fertilization of oocytes after vitrification by two cryopreservation solution.

For this NMRI mice (8-10 weeks old) were superovulated by injecting PMSG and HCG. Oocytes are surrounded by cumulus and corona cells and must be denuded by 0.1% hyaluronidase enzyme. The oocytes were then divided into 8 experimental groups including control, docetaxel, docetaxel + vitrification 1 solution; docetaxel + vitrification1; vitrification1; docetaxel + vitrification 2 solution; docetaxel + vitrification2; vitrification2. Mature oocytes were vitrified in ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions at 15% concentration and 0.5 M sucrose in cryopreservation solution1 and ethylene glycol and glycerol at 7.5 concentration and 0.5 M sucrose in cryopreservation solution2. After thawing, their survival and fertilization rates were assessed up to the two-cell stage. Staining of the microtubules in the oocytes was performed with alpha-tubulin antibody.

The results showed a significant difference in survive and fertilization rates compared to the control group (P<0.05). The rate of survival and formation of 2-cell embryos in the first cryopreservation group decreased compared to the second cryopreservation group but the two groups were not statistically significant. The results showed that survival and fertilization rates in pre-incubated groups with docetaxel were higher than non-incubated groups.

Docetaxel could improve reproductive techniques by reducing the damage to the oocyte cytoskeleton.