فصلنامه برنامه ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی
پیاپی 49 (زمستان 1400)

The purpose of this study is to understand the lived experience of urban poor of the causes affecting poverty. The research method was grounded theory and the study population included the heads of urban poor households living in districts 17, 18 and 19 of Tehran Municipality. Sampling was initially purposeful and continued until the stage of theoretical saturation. As a result, the nuclear category emerged as social exclusion from the labor market. Findings based on the paradigm model of the research were divided into five axes (causal conditions, intervening conditions and contextual conditions, strategies and consequences). In this article, the causal conditions of exclusion from the labor market are discussed. According to the participants, causal conditions include four main categories: economic capital weakness, human capital weakness, unfavorable economic conditions and unfavorable employment conditions. According to the findings, many urban poor living in the study areas had a history of rural poverty, the most obvious aspect of which is the weakness of economic and human capital. Also, their employment conditions in the city are very much affected by unfavorable economic conditions (such as: economic sanctions, outbreak of coronary heart disease, mechanization of production and provision of services and the presence of foreign nationals) and unfavorable employment conditions to the extent that these conditions have led to the perpetuation of inter generational poverty.

subjective welfare is one of the most controversial issues in various aspects that can motivate theorists of different disciplines to better understand this concept. Welfare can include psychological and social aspects rather than merely analyzing it from an economic and quantitative point of view. The present study on psychosocial themes of subjective welfare is based on tested research evidence. The purpose of this study is to extract the psycho-social themes of mental welfare in previous scientific articles and researches in the period of 2000 to 2021. The research is of practical and qualitative type and the method of content analysis and Atrid-Sterling technique has been used. 34 articles were selected and analyzed using purposive method and selection of texts and theoretical saturation criterion. MAXqda 2018 software has been used to analyze the themes and draw the network. The results showed that job satisfaction, psychological capital, social components, quality of life, destructive and inhibitory and modernity constitute the psycho-social themes of subjective welfare. Conclusion Consistent with the research findings, it can be concluded that subjective welfare is effective in various areas of life and can be studied and evaluated from various related angles or human life

The purpose of this study was to explore and provide a model of Cultural contexts of economic action of Kermanshah citizens' action in the field of social welfare. The research method is qualitative. The data collection technique was also a semi-structured interview. The interview reached theoretical saturation after conducting among 35 purposeful selected individuals. The results showed that two factors of religion and customs have been considered as causal conditions. In the context of factors, the fear of displaying wealth in the public arena and family orientation, Intervention conditions include the type of money (positive and negative) and the Inadequacy in money management and people's views. The central phenomenon also refers to the decisive role of money in social welfare. Model strategies also include: Using money as a tool to develop work and save for various motives. Finally, the sum of these issues has consequences such as: comfort and convenience, Employment, entertainment, family relationships and social interactions, Nutrition and clothing, poverty and deprivation and meeting the needs for access to social welfare. When we talk about the culture that influences economic action, we mean a set of beliefs that must have a set of characteristics. This set is not a harmonious, harmonious and homogeneous set, but a set in which opposing elements Abundance is found.

The purpose of this study is to use a meta-analysis method to explain the relationship between justice and citizenship behavior in Iranian organizational systems. Accordingly, 59 research papers (in the form of scientific articles) conducted between 1385-1397 with the aim of explaining the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior and published in prestigious national journals, were chosen as sample size. Selected research have been conducted mainly through survey, in different statistical societies, with different sample size (40-400) and using reliable and valid instruments. Meta-analysis software (CMA2) was used to analyze the data. Examination of the meta-analysis assumptions revealed heterogeneity of effect sizes and lack of publication error among the research documents. The findings showed that the magnitude of the effect of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior was equal to 0/44, which according to Cohen's interpretive system, is a powerful influence. Also, research time index, geographical location, type of organization, gender and ethnicity of the subjects had moderating effect on the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Thus, the perception of organizational justice has more impact on citizenship behavior over time, and perceptions of organizational justice in the eastern and southeastern regions of the country, in sports organizations, among women and Persians, have a higher impact on the employee citizenship behaviors than there were other situations.

Social capital sets the scene for subjective well-being and happiness through social actions and establishing of human connection. For Fitzpatrick, mental well-being is a multidimensional thing that he defines as characteristics such as happiness, supply, preferences, needs, entitlement and relative comparison. This study endeavored to explain the possible relationship between social capital and the subjective well-being of the adolescent citizens in capital of Iran, Tehran.Research

The population of this quantitative study was selected from among the Iranian citizens older than 18 years old who lived who lived in the capital of Iran. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula 384, which was increased to 400 individuals. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster. In this study, different dimensions of social capital with subjective well-being were measuredData: The findings revealed that social trust, social participation, social cohesion, and membership in social networks are effective in promoting mental well-being.

The results Through Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression and ANOVA showed that social capital by facilitating social actions has a significant role in providing and achieving the preferences of individuals and thus provides the possibility of reducing mental stress and thus happiness and a sense of happiness for citizens.Keywords: subjective well-being, Social Capital, social solidarity, Social Networks.

This study was conducted in a quarterly period among Kashani citizens aged 18 years and older, the sample population includes 206 people. Data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The results show that despite the difference in the use of national news network and local virtual networks, this difference is not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Therefore, the audience uses almost both types of media to obtain information and news. Also, there is a statistically significant difference between the level of trust in the national news network and local virtual networks (p <0.05). In this way, the audience has more confidence in local virtual media to obtain news information. In the study of demographic factors, the results show that the use of native virtual networks is statistically significantly different between male and female audiences (p <0.05). Thus, the female audience uses more native virtual networks than the male audience. Also, there is a statistically significant difference between the level of use and trust in the national news network and local virtual networks and audiences with different education (p <0.05). The results of Tukey's follow-up test show that audiences with postgraduate and higher education are more confident than native virtual networks, despite using the national news network more.

AbstracIn this study due to examining of Mechanisms of Construction in Environmental Problems, assessing of the effort and actions of people for stopping Behesht Abad tunnel will be considered. For this purpose, the method of netnography (ethnography in the environment of net) was used. The findings of this study indicated that three factors as claim maker, claim making process and audiences had potential role in creation of problems. High social dignity and the charismatic leadership of claim makers, using of economic benefit framework, environment, injustice, legal frameworks and also applying strategies and tactics to gain the support of policymakers, depoliticize, using of various media, creation of horrible consequences, environmental allegation competition in claim making process and also cultural resonance of claiming with values and audiences’ norm are vital factors in creating and constructing problems.Keywords: Constructivism, environmental movements, claim making, dam constructing, water transfer , Behesht Abad tunnel