مجله پژوهشهای جانوری (زیست شناسی ایران)
سال سی و چهارم شماره 4 (زمستان 1400)

protective effects of bioactive peptides extracted from Anchovy wastes on total antioxidant capacity, sperm parameters, sperm tubular diameters, epithelium thickness (ET) and DNA damage in Cimetidine treated rats was investigated. Thirty-six healthy male rats (200±40) were randomly assigned to 6 cages and fed with experimental diets (Control, 20mg bioactive peptide P, 40 mg Cimetidine CIM40, 120 mg Cimetidine CIM40, CIM40+P, CIM120+P) for 45 days. The results showed that the rat fed on Cimetidine treatments and Cimetidine + peptide had significant higher TAC then the control .

Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide. The present study aimed to explore the antidepressant and antioxidant activities of the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune (N. commune) in a rat brain ischemia/reperfusion model.

In this experimental study, thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (control, N. commune, ischemia, N. commune 35 + ischemia, and N. commune 70 + ischemia). Rats were pre-treated with N. commune (35 or 70 mg/kg bodyweight, dissolved in saline, once orally) for 14 days, while the rats in control and ischemia groups were given an equivalent volume of saline. The antidepressive‐like effects of N. commune were determined by tail suspension and forced swimming tests 48 hours after ischemia induction. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were assayed in the brain cortex.

The present study exhibited Nostoc commune treatment (70 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the immobility times induced by ischemia damage in FST and TST and reversed the climbing time. Compared to the ischemia group, N. commune treatment considerably increased cerebral CAT, SOD, and GPx activities.

These findings demonstrated that N. commune extract could protect ischemia -induced brain injury rats by inhibiting cerebral oxidative stress, suggesting that it may have potential as a therapy for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

The skull morphology and origin of turtles is one of the long-lasting debates in evolutionary researchs. Skull change to anapsid, transformed that to an akinetic and unique structure capable of reorienting the jaw contracting muscle. These changes are thought to be strongly related to functional adaptations, especially biting performance. The present study provides detailed description of the osteocranial structure of the Caspian terrapin, Mauremys caspica, in western Iran. Examined specimens were collected from Dinavar river in Kermanshah Province. Using common protocols for bone cleansing, the skulls were removed and scanned, and photographed using a loop equipped with digital camera. The skull of Testudo graeca encompass 39 bones (18 pairs and three single bones) that is including a flat skull roof, numerous extremely wide skull elements, and a compressed neurocranium possibly the functional result of life habit, Our results showed that specific variations in skull osteology, including scale, shape, location and articulation, can have different effects on animal behavior.

Hedgehog is an insectivore animal (it can be carnivore or omnivore in different live conditions) from true quadruped order. Anatomical structure of different system of this animal is not studied yet. hedgehog tongue was studied in this research. 5 tongue of puberty hedgehog was provided; First biometrical measurement was done then different type of lingual papillae was distinguished under stereomicroscope. samples fixe in paraffin and parafinized blocks were provided; these blocks were sectioned as serial. Also for counting of taste buds, circumvallate papillae were sectioned serially as craniocaudal and mediolateral. This research results were showed that hedgehog tongue has tree lingual papillae. They were filiform, fungiform and circumvallate papillae. Number of fungiform papillae was 78.33± 3.78 and they distributed in base and apex of tongue more than middle part. Also, it showed that fungiform papillae distributed in lateral border of mid portion of tongue extremely. Average of taste buds on fungiform papillae was 3.72±1.32. Number of circumvallate papillae was 3.272±1.32 that they were observed just in root of tongue. Number of circumvallate papillae taste buds was 14 ±5.52 in mediolateral secretions and 11.8±5.89 in craniolateral sections. This study results were appeared that taste buds of hedgehog tongue has tree type cells. They were sensory cells (neuroepithelial cells) supporting cells and basal cells. Lingual salivary glands in hedgehog tongue were serous, mucus and seromucus that serous secretory units were abundant in rostral portion and in caudal portion, mucus secretory units were abundant.

Gobiidae is the most species-rich family of teleost fishes, with approximately 1915 valid species belonging to 263 genera. This family is composed of five subfamilies, including Sicydiinae, Gobionellinae, Oxudercinae, Amblyopinae, Gobiinae. 24 species from 19 genera of Gobiidae have been reported in Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. The aim of the present study is to survey phylogenetic relationships of Gobiidae representatives from Iran using 64 sequences (Rhodopsin, Rag1 and COI markers) belong to 21 species. In this study, specimens from Bathygobius meggitti (Chabahar, sequenced for Rhodopsin), Stonogobiops nematodes, and Valenciennea strigata (Qeshm Island, sequenced for COI) have been examined for the first time. Gobiidae members recorded from Iran are classified in diverse molecular lineages including, Periophthalmus-lineage, Gobiopsis-lineage, Glossogobius-lineage, Cryptocentrus-lineage, Gobiodon-lineage and Valenciennea-lineage. Sequencing nuclear markers of all recorded species from the Iranian Southern water bodies and the Caspian Sea basin could determine more detail of molecular phylogenetic relationships of this family.

Balbiani bodies are known as a determinant structures of the fate of germ cells, organells formation and their final location in the oocyte. Due to lack of published information and high diversity in appearance, ultrastructure and composition of balbiani bodies, their function in the process of oogenesis, structional composition and differences between species are not well known, and considering that no study has been done on balbiani bodies in the country, The aim of the present study was light microscopic survey of the balbiani bodies in the oocytes of four species of osteichthyes including two brackish water fish species (Yellowfin seabream and Abu Mullet) and two fresh water fish species (Benni and Common carp), as well as yellowfin seabream and abu mullet to examine two species from two separate families and benni and common carp to examine two species of a family. For this purpose, 5 adult female fish were caught and the ovaries were histologically and histometrically examined after tissue passage. The results showed that balbiani bodies were found in previtellogenesis follicles in benni, common carp and yellowfin seabream. Balbiani body diameter in benni with larger previtellogenesis oocytes, is more than common carp and yellowfin seabream significantly. Results showed that, balbiani body were not exist in abu mullet which can indicate differences between species in the process of oogenesis.