دو ماهنامه بررسی های بازرگانی
سال نوزدهم شماره 110 (آذر و دی 1400)

The development of rail transportation in a vast country like Iran is a crucial due to its potential role in reducing fuel consumption, environmental effects, causalities, and finally reducing the transportation costs, which is mainly caused by the road as the dominant transport sector in the country. Because of the importance of rail transport, it has been included as one of the pivotal issues in the sixth national development plan. According to the targets, the share of rail in goods transport must reach 30 percent, by the year 1404. Despite the advantages and potentials of rail transport, it is not sufficiently attractive for businesses, so that more than 90 percent of goods tonnage is carried by road. In this regard, the present study provides an overview of Iran's rail transport sector, analyzes the determining factors of rail freight transport attractiveness, identifies the major problems and challenges at macro level and at level of the selected goods categories, and finally devise solutions for them.

In this study, the impacts of exchange rate volatility in terms of other economic variables on the financing cost of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange have been evaluated using the panel data method during the period 2008-2018. Based on the theoretical literature presented in this study, the financing cost of the surveyed companies is a function of exchange rate volatility, interest rate, inflation rate, the growth rate of the total market price index, and economic growth rate. The results Show, except for the variable of the inflation rate, the coefficients of the variables are statistically significant, and their signs are consistent with the theoretical expectations. Furthermore, the coefficient of exchange rate volatility in the model of the financing cost investigated in the study is positive. That is to say, the variable has a direct effect on financing costs. An increase in exchange rate volatility results in a rise in the financing cost of the companies under review and decreases investment in the companies under study. Theoretically, there are two different approaches to the effect of inflation on the cost of financing. On the one hand, rising inflation due to creating uncertainty in the capital market will reduce capital attraction and increase the cost of financing. On the other hand, a steady rise in prices leads to an increase in accumulated profits. According to the theoretical literature and the results obtained in this study, the negative and positive effects of inflation on the financing of the companies under study neutralize and ineffective each other, because the coefficient of variable inflation in the estimated model, in terms of It is statistically meaningless.

In this study, we have attempted to look at the mental constructs of foreign women's clothing consumers, understand the pattern of this mentality to bring in-house apparel to these extracted features, So that the pattern of foreign product consumption is modified. This research is based on qualitative research methodology and phenomenological strategy. The present study is applied research and has an interpretative and constructivist approach. Also, this study is descriptive and exploratory. The population of this study is female students in 4 big universities at Tehran, at. The basis of sample size determination is theoretical saturation and the data of this study has saturated with 17 interviews. The qualitative data of this study is extracted using ZMET semi-structured in-depth interview. The interview protocol method is used to determine the reliability of data and member control method is used to determine the validity. The data analysis method is thematic coding with paragraph analysis unit. The results of coding are drawn in the form of a consensus map of mental constructs Extracted from the sample. The consensus map shows that constructs such as good feeling, comfort, quality, durability, enjoyment and design are the most relevant constructs in their minds. Finally, these constructs and relationships between them in consensus map are analyzed and suggestions based on this map are presented.

The aim of the present study is to identify the effect of transformational leadership on work enthusiasm with the mediating role of managers' political behavior in Isfahan government organizations. The research method used in this research is descriptive of survey type and in terms of relationship between variables, it is correlational. Using Morgan's table, 120 questionnaires were distributed among managers of government organizations as a sample community, of which 103 questionnaires were received. The measurement tool has become a standard and indigenous questionnaire that the formal validity of the questionnaire was approved by management professors and supervisors and content validity by several members of the statistical community. Data analysis using SPSS software has been used to examine the hypotheses. The research findings show that in Isfahan government  organizations, the mediating variable of managers' political behavior has a positive and significant effect on the effect of transformational leadership on work enthusiasm.

Considering the important role of banks in the development of the country as well as the number of its branches, the assessment of the productivity of bank branches is of particular importance. Data Envelopment Analysis is one of the useful tools in the field of productivity assessment. Therefore, in this study, the two-stage DEA model is used to evaluate the efficiency, effectiveness and productivity of the banking system. The two-step process has a monolithic property, which uses the inputs first and produces outputs, which form the outputs of the second stage. Then the second stage, using intermediate or intermediate productions, produces the final outputs of the system. Different ranking stages will be used based on the relative cardinality method to measure the efficiency, effectiveness and productivity of the banking system with a series structure that includes intermediary processes. At the end, a real example of the banking system is presented to illustrate the application of the research and the results are presented using the GAMS software.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of strategic information system on a company's performance with the mediating role of strategic orientation in Mihan Dairy Company. The study is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method. The population was consisted of the managers and experts of Mihan Dairy Company in Tehran city. According to the supposition of the population limitation, the number of 63 people were selected as the sample and a questionnaire was distributed among them by simple random sampling. We used a standard questionnaire with 5-option Likert scale for collecting the data. Cronbach's alpha was above 0.7 for research variables that it represented the research questionnaire has a high reliable. Also, the validity of the questions was confirmed by content validity and construct validity. Analyzing the research hypotheses by Smart-PLS software indicated that: Strategic information system has, both directly and indirectly (through strategic orientation), a significant effect on the company's performance. Also, the results indicated that strategic orientation has a significant effect on the company's performance.

In this article, we are looking for the role of digital content marketing in the growth of participation, trust and consumer value in the branches of Bank Shahr in Tehran province. The general method of this article is descriptive-analytical. The tool used in this article is a questionnaire that has been developed as a researcher and the reliability and validity of the variables have been confirmed. In which the variables of digital marketing, consumer participation, consumer value and consumer trust were approved with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.92, 0.85, 0.74, 0.91, respectively. The population and statistical sample in this article includes managers and experts, including university professors and highly experienced managers in the branches of Bank Shahr in Tehran province, whose number has been selected using Cochran's formula of 125 people. Also, the results of hypotheses based on marketing effect. Digital has not had a significant effect on the two variables of consumer participation and consumer value (p <0.05), but in relation to the role of digital marketing on consumer trust, this rate is acceptable (p> 0.05).

Economic factors have an impact on business structures and their regulations. Sole proprietorship, partnership, and company are the main methods of conducting a business. Due to special circumstances in different countries there are different patterns of business structures. Professional services are among these special circumstances that necessitate special structures with regard to partnerships. There is no proper structure in Iran legislations for trade in professional services. This started by undermining the differences between the Company and the Firm which eradicated the necessary elements for trade in professional services. Inconsistencies in subsequent legislations exacerbated this condition. Now in a new Commercial Bill there are provisions that pose more challenges on trade in professional services. This article discusses the key factors to improve trade in professional services using collective behavior theories, the history of business structures, and comparative law.