نشریه تعالی مشاوره و روان درمانی
پیاپی 40 (زمستان 1400)

The rising trend of divorce statistics and the existence of turmoil in couples relationships has increased the motivation of researchers to find less costly intervention methods to reduce couples problems. The aim of this study was to comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy and acceptance and commitment couple therapy on family function and cognitive flexibility of couples.

This study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and two-months follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all couples who referred to mehrsai counseling center in Ashkhaneh during 2019, among them, 60 people were selected by the available method and assigned to three equal groups. Therapeutic interventions were applied for each of the two couples therapy approaches in 12 sessions, 1 session per week and 90 minutes per session, But the control group did not receive any medical intervention. Demographic information checklist, family assessment device (Epstein& et al, 1983) and cognitive flexibility inventory (Dennis& VanderWal, 2010) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with repeated measures using SPSS-26 statistical software.

There was a significant difference in the linear composition of the Family Function and its dimensions include the tendency to (problem solving, communication, roles, involvement and affective responsiveness and behavior control) to difficult situations in terms of group membership, and the interactive effect of the group and time (P=0.001). Besides, the two treatment groups (acceptance and commitment, cognitive-behavioral couple therapy) showed significant differences with the control group in terms of the components of psychological flexibility and its dimensions (P=0.009). Cognitive-behavioral couple therapy has a greater effect on the functioning of couples' families than acceptance and commitment couple therapy (P=0.001), but there was no significant difference between the intervention methods on cognitive flexibility (P=0.092).

The results showed the importance of both methods on family functioning and cognitive flexibility of couples. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use these methods, especially cognitive-behavioral couple therapy to intervene in the mental health of couples.

Marital intimacy plays an important role in family strength. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigate the relationship between psychological well-being and psychological hardiness with marital intimacy in married women.

The present study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was married women who referred to Sadra counseling center in Qom city in 2020 year with number of 240 people. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated 144 people who were selected by simple random sampling method. The research instruments were the scales of psychological well-being (Ryff, 1989), psychological hardiness (Lang, Goulet and Amsel, 2003) and marital intimacy (Walker and Thompson, 1983). Data were analyzed by methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with enter model in SPSS-21 software.

The findings showed that psychological well-being (and all six components including self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, environment mastery, purpose in life and personal growth) and psychological hardiness (and all three components including control, commitment and challenge) had a positive and significant relationship with marital intimacy in married women (P˂0.001). Also, the variables of psychological well-being and psychological hardiness significantly able to explained 53%, six components of psychological well-being significantly able to explained 67% and three components of psychological hardiness significantly able to explained 37% of the changes of marital intimacy in married women (P˂0.001).

The results indicated the positive and significant relationship of psychological well-being and psychological hardiness with marital intimacy in married women and their role in explaining their marital intimacy. Therefore, to promote marital intimacy can be improved the psychological well-being and psychological hardiness

Tinnitus disorder is common in the military personnel and therefore the present study was conducted with the aim of comparison the mindfulness and general health in military personnel with and without tinnitus disorder.

This research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was causal-comparative. The research population was the male military who referred to the Army Family Hospital and students of Imam Ali Military University in 2020-2021 years. The sample size was considered 50 people who were selected by available sampling method and were replaced into two equal groups (25 people with tinnitus and 25 people without it). The groups answered to the questionnaires of mindfulness (Baer et al, 2006) and general health (Goldberg and Hillier, 1979) and the data were analyzed by methods of chi=square and independent t-test in SPSS-21 software.

The results showed that the groups did not have significant difference in terms of demographic variables of marriage and age (P>0.05). The groups have significant difference in terms of the total score of mindfulness and components of observation, description and action with awareness (P˂0.05), but did not have significant difference in terms of the components of non-judging and non-reactivity (P>0.05). Also, the groups have significant difference in terms of the total score of general health and components of somatic symptoms, depression and social dysfunction (P˂0.05), but did not have significant difference in terms of anxiety and insomnia component (P>0.05).

The results showed that the military with tinnitus were in a worse condition than the military without it in terms of mindfulness and general health. Therefore, planning to improve their psychological characteristics is necessary to use appropriate treatment methods.

Regarded to the increasing number of the elderly and the importance of happiness in them, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of psychodrama, reminiscence and rational emotive behavioral therapy of Ellis on the happiness of elderly men.

This research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population was an elderly men of home elderly in Kermanshah city in 2019 year. The sample research was 40 people who after reviewing the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly were assigned to four equal groups (three experimental groups and one control group). The first experimental group received 12 one-hour sessions of psychodrama education, the second experimental group received 10 one-and-a-half-hour sessions of reminiscence education, the third experimental group received 8 one-and-a-half-hour sessions of rational emotive behavioral therapy and control group remained on the waiting list for training. Data were collected with using a mini-mental state examination and the Oxford happiness inventory and analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance and LSD post hoc test in SPSS software.

The results indicated that the all three intervention methods of psychodrama, reminiscence and rational emotive behavioral therapy of Ellis in compared to the control group led to increase the happiness score of elderly men and the effectiveness of psychodrama method was higher than rational emotive behavioral therapy (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two methods of psychodrama and reminiscence and the two methods of reminiscence and rational emotive behavioral therapy on increasing happiness (P>0.05).

According to the results, therapists and health professionals can use all three methods, especially the psychodrama method to increase the happiness of elderly men.

The aim of this study was to investigate a self-regulatory model of learning based on intelligence beliefs and classroom perception mediation of self-efficacy in gifted students.

The present study was applied, in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational, in terms of data collection method. The statistical population was all gifted high school students in the 2nd and 4th districts of Tehran in the academic year of 2009-2010. Four hundred students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Research tools included the Self-Regulatory Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich et al., 1990), Intelligence belief (Abdolfattah and Yiths, 2006), Classroom Perception atmosphere (Rovy, 2002) and General Self-Efficacy (Sherer et al, 1982). The collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling by Amos24 and SPSS26 software.

The results showed that the final model had a good fit with the data. Based on the results of direct relationships of research variables showed that intelligence beliefs had a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy and self-regulation of learning, as well as perception of classroom atmosphere on self-efficacy and self-regulation of learning and self-efficacy on self-regulation (P<0.001). The indirect effects of intelligence beliefs and perception of classroom atmosphere on self-regulation of learning through self-efficacy were 0.1215 and 0.1185, respectively, which were statistically significant (P<0.001).

Considering that factors such as intelligence, motivational and environmental beliefs affect the learning self-regulation and subsquently learning self-regulation has an important role in academic achievement. The results of this study can have important implications for those involved in education and mental health services and families.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the narrative therapy (NT) on increasing work-family enrichment and subjective well-being of of female employees of the University of Isfahan.
  The research design was semi experimental with pre- and post-test and control group and random assignment. The research population included all female employees of the University of Isfahan at 2021 that from this population 30 person have been selected by available sampleing and have been placed randomly between expeimental and control group each with 15msmber. The subjects filled out work-family enrichment qouestionnaire (Greenhous & Powell, 2006) and adults subjective well-being scale (Keyes & Magyar-Mae, 2003). Then, the treatment group received 11, 90-min weekly sessions of NT (Whote & Epson, 1985) enriched with compassion while the control group received any intervention. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and via statistical package for social sciences version 23.
  The results of Analysis of Covariance showed that NT has effected on increasing work-family enrichment and family –work enrichment (p<0/05). Also, results of this study showed that narrative therapy has been effective in increasing the level of subjective well-being in three emotional, social and psychological dimensions (p<0/05).
According to the the findings of this study, it can be concluded that narrative therapy can be used as one of the interventions in the field of creating a positive spillover between the two roles of work and family and enhancing subjective well-being in employee women.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between personality characteristics and life satisfaction regarding the mediating role of emotional intelligence.

The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study Included Iranian adults living in Mashhad in 2021 with an age range of 18 to 60, from which 407 people were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected using short form of NEO Personality Questionnaire (Costa & McCrae, 1992), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (Petrides & Furnham, 2006) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation method and path analysis using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24 software.

The path analysis results showed that the research model had a good fit. Neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness had a significant direct effect on life satisfaction and emotional intelligence. Components of emotional intelligence including perception and understanding self and others' emotions, optimism, self-awareness and social skills had a significant direct effect on life satisfaction. In addition, the mediating role of optimism in the relationship between neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness and life satisfaction (p <0.05), the mediating role of self-awareness and perception and understanding self and others' emotions  in the relationship between neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness and life satisfaction (p <0.001) and the mediating role of social skills in the relationship between neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness and life satisfaction (p <0.001) was confirmed.

Based on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that personality characteristics affect life satisfaction through the mediating role of emotional intelligence; therefore, increasing people's emotional intelligence according to their personality characteristics is one of the ways to enhance life satisfaction.