فصلنامه زیست شناسی تکوینی
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 53، زمستان 1400)

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes that increases the mortality and mortality of patients with diabetes. Probiotics, due to their function, can help control diabetes as dietary supplements.. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis probiotics on the expression of RAGE and TGFβ gene in the tissues of all diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 35 rats were grouped into 5 groups (n = 7) control, diabetic, and three diabetic groups receiving Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium lactis and a mixture of both probiotics. Diabetic mice received a single dose of streptozotocin intraperitoneally, and probiotics were gavaged for 35 days. After the treatment period, glucose and insulin levels were measured and changes in RAGE and TGFβ expression in kidney tissue were measured by real-time method .

Blood glucose, insulin levels, expression of RAGE and TGFβ genes in the tissues of all diabetic rats treated with probiotics showed significant changes compared with diabetic rats.

According to the results of the present study, it is possible that the use of probiotics Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis in diabetic conditions is an effective method to reduce the expression of RAGE and TGFβ gene in the kidney tissue of type 1 diabetic rats.

Breast cancer among women cancers has been the first to suffer from mortality and morbidity. Today, small molecules are still dominating the field of drug innovation, because of their special properties. The aim of this study is the investigation of the growth inhibitory and anti-proliferation effects of TPSF (4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]thio]-1,3,6,9-tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-6-thioxo-2H-purin-2-one) on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. In this laboratory study, MCF-7 breast cancer cells were cultured in a medium containing serum 10% and the cells were treated with the concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 of TPSF in 1, 3, and 5 days. Then the inhibitory effects of TPSF on cell growth and proliferation were assessed by MTT assay. Molecular docking was performed using Molegro software. For data analysis, two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used. According to the results, TPSF significantly (P≤0.001) decreases the survival rate and proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. So that, the cell viability of cells treated with concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 µM were 90, 79, 68, 50, and 90 % respectively after 24h that confirmed that cell viability significantly decreases (P≤0.001) depended on dose, and the concentration of 5 µM was determined as the IC50 concentration. The study of morphological showed changes consisting of cell shrinkage, nucleotide pigmentation, and fragmentation of chromatin. The docking results also confirmed the interaction of TPSF with HER2 and ER.TPSF inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells and can be regarded as an anticancer medicine.

Cenocarpus erectus L. or Button mangrove is native to Bermuda, West Indies, and USA . It can withstand a range of ambient temperatures (15 ˚C - 50 ˚C) but appears to be slightly frost sensitive. The plants has been used from 2000 to the provinces of Ahwaz.The aim of this research studied allergenic properties pollen grains in Cenocarpus erectus L. in two different seasons spring and autumn. pollen grains from different regions of Ahwaz were studied and tissues organs by optical and scanning electron microscope. Pollens were collected and extracted in PBS. As an experimental model, 21 male Gina pigs were divided into three groups and Pollen extraction injected each 10 days. . NPT and OPT tests using spring and autumn crude extracts were also performed on pre-sensitized guinea pigs.The spring and autumn extracts induced IgE in blood, glucose level was tested and positive skin tests in Sensitized guinea pigs. Eight hours and one week after the blood samples were taken from guinea pigs. Autumn quantity is more than spring. SDS-PAGE analysis of autumn protein content showed apparent major bands ranging from 10,15,25,30 KD respectively.The skin test, clinical test, IgE, glucose level, showed different results in autumn and spring.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fosfomycin antibiotic as well as yeast probiotics of S. bulardii and S. cerevisiae on performance, antioxidant activity and expression of interleukin-6 gene in Holstein calves. In order to test, 20 newborn Holstein calves were distributed in 5 treatments and 4 replications (each replication including 1 calf) for 60 days after feeding with colostrum in a completely randomized design from the age of 3 days. Experimental treatment diets include 1: control (without antibiotics and probiotics), 2: fosfomycin (0.165 g/kg BW), 3: milk-soluble S. boulardii (1 g/kg BW), 4: milk-soluble S. cerevisiae (1 g/kg BW) and 5: A mixture of S. boulardii and S. cerevisiae were dissolved in milk (1 g/kg BW each). The amount of feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio of none of the treatments were not significantly different from the control (P>0.05). The amount of serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes as well as the amount of interleukin-6 gene expression in the whole period in calves that used a mixture of S. boulardii and S. cerevisiae had the highest significant difference with the control (P<0.05). In general, the use of a mixture of yeast probiotics had a greater effect on the antioxidant system and immune system of calves than their separate use and also compared to antibiotics in calves nutrition.

Phaffia rhodozyma contains the carotenoid astaxanthin, which has strong antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the Effects of astaxanthin produced by Phaffia rhodozyma on multiple sclerosis (MS) model of mice were investigated.Mice model of MS or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was developed using MOG35-55 peptide in female C57BL/6 mice.Four groups were considered for this study: normal control group mice, EAE group, prevention group mice that received astaxanthin a week before immunization and treatment group that received astaxanthin after immunization at the time of first sign of EAE. Each group consisted of 7 mice. Astaxanthin consumption up to 35 days after immunization continued. Each day 400 mg of Phaffia rhodozyma astaxanthin was consumed in this way, the daily consumption pellet was mixed with this amount of astaxanthin. Daily clinical signs and mean body weight were monitored then proliferation was measured by MTT assay; IL23 level (proinflammatory cytokines) and IL4 level (anti-inflammatory cytokine) were measured by ELISA. Observations showed that the mean disease severity in all experimental groups was significantly reduced compared to the EAE group and the mean body weight in the experimental groups had a significant increase compared to the EAE group (P<0.001). Also, Astaxanthin administration significantly reduced the level of inflammatory cytokine, IL23 and increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL4 in both experimental groups (P<0.001). The results of MTT test also show a decrease in Proliferation index (The rate of proliferation of immune cells) in both prevention and treatment groups. P<0.001

Considering the important role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in many biologic processes of cells and tissues including during pregnancy and its different stages, this study investigated the effects of L-Arginine as a NO precursor and L-NAME as a NO inhibitor on structural and stereological changes of the thymus in pregnant rats. In this experimental study, thirty-two female Wistar rats, aged 8 weeks and weighing 200-250g, were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, L-Arginine (200 mg / kg), L-NAME (20 mg / kg) and L-Arginine + L-NAME; 8 rats in each group. On the 18th day of pregnancy, the rats anesthetized with ether, then, their thymus was extracted and fixed in 10% formalin. After tissue passage, the sections were stained with H&E and the histological and morphometric studies were performed. L-Arginine with its stimulative effect on NO synthesis in thymus causes to increase T-lymphocyte population, therefore thickness of cortex is increased and thickness of medulla decreased. Analysis of variance showed that the thickness of cortex and medulla of thymus in the L-Arginine group was significantly different in comparison with the control group, with p=0.000 and p=0.002, respectively. The thickness of cortex and medulla in the L-NAME group showed a significant decrease, with p=0.000, compared to the control group.

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L) is an important medicinal plant with valuable secondary metabolites. Chicory callus is a good source for the production and extraction of metabolites of this plant. In this study, chicory callus changes were investigated about some morphological and biochemical characteristics to obtain the best hormonal treatment. Healthy seedlings were prepared from sterile chicory seeds in ½ MS culture medium. Stem, leaf, and root explants were prepared from seedlings and used for culture in liquid MS and 2,4-D, BAP, and kinetin hormones at concentrations of 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg / l were cultured. The results showed that callus was yellow and green to dark brown and callus texture also showed from weak and soft to firm. The highest percentage of callus (76.22%) related to leaf explant and treatment 2,4-D (0.5mg / L), the highest amount of fresh weight of callus (7.30 g), and dry weight of callus (0.077 g) In leaf explant and Kin treatment (0.75 mg / L), the highest amount of chlorophyll a, b and total was related to leaf and BAP hormone treatment (0.75 mg / L). The highest amount of carotenoids was related to root explant and Kin (1 mg / L). In general, the interactions of hormones and explants affect different callus-forming characteristics and these effects depend on the type of explants and the concentration of growth regulators, and the greatest effect was observed in leaf explant culture.