نشریه عصب روانشناسی
سال هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 27، زمستان 1400)

Insomnia is a major public concern and the most common sleep problem, the treatment of which has a special place in promoting well-being and performance. One of the new therapies in sleep interventions is direct transcranial movement. The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct movement on resilience, selective attention, concentration and effort in patients with insomnia. The research design was quasi-experimental with a control group with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population included all students of Semnan University in the academic year 2009-2010 with a diagnosis of insomnia. 20 people were purposefully selected as a sample and were divided into two groups of control and experiment with random assignment. The transcranial direct motion device is used for intervention and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire, Connor & Davidson Resilience and D2 test for measurements. The experimental group underwent intervention for 10 minutes for 10 minutes with a voltage of 1 mA and the control group underwent sham intervention. The results of analysis of covariance show direct transcranial motion increase resilience, attention and focus and search, as well as improve insomnia. The research findings indicated that the direct movement of strategic transnationals in increasing resilience, selective attention, search and improving the level of sleep quality and can be used as a way to productivity.

Children with intellectual disabilities are at heightened risk for mental disorders, but disruptive behavior disorders appear to be the most prevalent. The present study aimed to determine the effect of a selective perceptual-motor exercise course on the neuropsychological skill of intellectual disability children. The study used pre- and posttest experimental research design with a control group. Total of 30 children with intellectual disability (7–12 years) whit 50-70 of intelligence quotient were recruited with 15 assigned for the exercise group and 15 for the control group, separately. All the participants were assessed using the Conners Teachers Rating Scale (CTRS). The exercise program consisted of selected perceptual-motor activities for 60 min, thrice per week for 8 weeks. The results showed that there is not a significant difference between the two groups in pre-test; while after the intervention significant improvements were found in the exercise group in attention, sensory-motor performance, memory, executive function, cognitive ability, visuospatial performance and andacademic performance of reading and mathematics. Results indicate that a Brailletonik exercise program can have a positive effect on the cognitive functions of persons with intellectual disability. However, this positive effect can support the role and importance of perceptual-motor activity to improve motor and cognition function of well-being among children with intellectual disability.

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder have problems with some cognitive functions. Also, these children are more likely to drop out of school than normal children.

this study was to investigate the effect Transcranial direct-current stimulation of brain (tdcs) on cognitive ability and working memory of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

this research was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the present study was all students aged 15-18 years who referred to the Psychology Clinic in Tehran in 1399-1400. Among them, 32 people were selected using available sampling method and were placed completely randomly in two experimental groups (16 people) and control group (16 people). Participants in the experimental group received 18 single sessions of 30-minute transcranial stimulation of the brain using direct electric current. Cognitive and problem solving questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measures.

the results showed that extracranial stimulation of the brain using direct electric current improved the cognitive ability and working memory of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The Purpose of the research was to compare the neuropsychological deficits in individuals with borderline and narcissistic personality disorder symptoms and normal individuals.

The research design was causal-comparative. The sample of the study included 24 individual with borderline personality disorder symptoms and 22 individual with narcissistic personality disorder symptoms who through purposeful method were selected through patients who had referred to the Psychiatry clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital and the Payvand counseling clinic in Songhor and were compared with 22 normal individual from the hospital and counseling center personnel. The dot-probe task, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Digit Span Task, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, go/ no go test and Reading the Mind in the Eyes tests were used to collect data. Data were analyzed via using multivariate analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in the dependent variables. This means that individual with borderline and narcissistic personality disorder symptoms demonstrated more attention bias and impulsivity and impairment in theory of mind and executive functions compared to normal group. These deficits (except for working memory) were higher in individual with borderline personality disorder compared to individual with narcissistic personality syndrome.

Neuropsychological deficits in individuals with borderline and narcissistic personality disorder symptoms are more than normal individuals. Although, these deficits in individuals with borderline are more than individuals with narcissistic personality disorder symptoms.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with an inter-intra subject design aimed to determine the effectiveness of combining acceptance and commitment-based therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on anxiety sensitivity and perceived stress in people with type 2 diabetes. The sample consisted of 45 patients with type II diabetes purposefully selected from patients referred to laboratories in Mahshahr city. After matching, the patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 15 patients and the experimental groups received their group interventions in 8 sessions of psychological therapy and 10 sessions of individual neurofeedback training and the control group did not receive any intervention. Pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up were performed with Floyd et al.'s (2005) Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire and Cohen et al.'s (1983) Perceived Stress Scale. According to the results of SPANOVA analysis, both ACT + neurofeedback and MBSR + neurofeedback were effective in post-test and follow-up stages to reduce anxiety sensitivity and perceived stress. But while the effectiveness of both interventions in reducing anxiety sensitivity was the same, for perceived stress, the effect of MBSR + neurofeedback, both in the post-test and in the follow-up phase, was significantly greater than the effect of ACT + neurofeedback.

Test anxiety is one of the most common psychological problems in the study period and has important psychological consequences. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of stress-based mindfulness therapy and direct electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex in improving anxiety symptoms in students with test anxiety. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a control group and pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population included all students with anxiety disorder in the first year of high school in Ashkzar in 2020, 48 of whom were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. To collect data, Friedman (1997) test anxiety questionnaire was performed on both experimental groups. Experiment group "A" received 8 sessions of one-hour mindfulness intervention based on stress reduction and experimental group "B" received 10 sessions of 20 minutes of direct electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex, during which the control group did not receive treatment. At the end of the interventions, post-test was performed again in all three groups and finally a two-month follow-up was performed. The results showed that mindfulness therapy based on stress reduction and direct stimulation of the cerebral cortex were both effective in improving anxiety symptoms (p<0.05). Compared to the two methods on reducing test anxiety symptoms, the effectiveness of stress-based mindfulness was stronger. According to the results, mindfulness-based techniques and direct stimulation of the cerebral cortex can be used to reduce students' test anxiety symptoms.

Emotional problems, psychological distress and cravings are some of the side effects of substance abuse. The aim of this study was compare the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation and Methadone Maintenance treatment on craving reduction, emotion regulation and distress tolerance in people with opioid use disorder.

The present study was a quasi-experimental. The statistical population of this study was all people admitted to addiction treatment clinics in Hamedan in 2019, which 40 patients were selected by available and voluntary sampling in two experimental groups of methadone therapy (n = 13), electrical brain stimulation (n = 13) and a control group (n = 14). Subjects completed the Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale, Distress Tolerance Scale, and measure the temptation of substances after leaving. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance.

The results showed that electrical stimulation had a significant effect on craving, emotion regulation and distress tolerance (p <0.05). Methadone therapy was effective in craving reduction and emotion regulation, but had no effect on distress tolerance. In comparison between the two experimental groups, no significant difference was observed in craving reduction (p> 0.05), but the effect of electrical stimulation on emotion regulation was greater.

Due to the greater effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on emotion regulation and distress tolerance, it can be used as an effective and complementary treatment, along with the usual treatments for substance use disorder and the emotional distress it caused.

The current research aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Mode Deactivation Therapy (MDT) on improving communicational skills and self-esteem of patients with HSAN2. The research design was quasi-experimental single case with multiple baselines. The statistical population of the research included 50 patients with HSAN2 all over the world from whom 2 were recruited (one from Iran and one from Canada) using purposive sampling method with inclusion-exclusion criteria. The patients filled out the Interpersonal Communication Skills Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The data were analyzed using clinical significance, visual inspection, diagnostic improvement and the six indices of efficacy. According to the results, the total percentage of improvement for communicational skills and self-esteem were 52.65 and 53.57, respectively. One can conclude that the Mode Deactivation Therapy (MDT) was effective in improving communicational skills and self-esteem of the patients with HSAN2 through identifying maladjustment core beliefs and replacing them with useful alternatives via the verification-clarification-validation process.