نشریه علوم درمانگاهی دامپزشکی ایران
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 26، پاییز و زمستان 1400)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of selenium nanoparticle (SeNPs) and sodium selenite (NaSe) in cloned (using SCNT) and non-cloned Saanen pregnant goats in transition period on hematological parameters of goats and their SCNT and non-cloned offspring, including PCV, WBC, neutrophils and lymphocytes. 24 pregnant Saanen goats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 in each group; 4 SCNT and 4 non-cloned) as follows: SeNPs, NaSe and control. Intervention (dosage: 0.05 mg/kg daily) commenced for 10 days, about 3 weeks before parturition. Blood samples were collected in goats: on days 14 and 7 before parturition, the day of parturition and on days 7 and 14 after parturition, and in kids: on the day of birth and 7 and 14 days after birth. The results revealed that SeNPs group had a higher increase in serum selenium level than NaSe and control groups. According to hematological parameters evaluations, on days 0 and +7, there was a significant increase in WBC, neutrophil and lymphocytes population, as well as a significant increase in PCV on day 0, in treatments compared with control, and in SeNPs compared with NaSe (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between changes in serum selenium levels and hematological parameters (P<0.05). In the current study, there were no significant difference between the cloned and non-cloned goats’ parameters. Therefore, it can be inferred that oral prescription of Nano selenium in transition period can positively influence hematological parameters including PCV, WBC, neutrophils and lymphocytes of both Sannen goats at the time of parturition and their offspring, more effectively than oral prescription of Sodium selenite. Also, it may be concluded that cloning does not alter the hematological parameters of Sannen goats around parturition and their offspring.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of saline 0.9% isotonic and salin 7.2% hypertonic solutions, on vital signs and some hematological and metabolical indices in cats. In this survey, fifteen cats were evaluated in groups of control (without any solution), saline 0.9% (30 ml/kg) and saline 7.2% (5 ml/kg) respectively. All solutions were injected during 10 minutes. Blood sampling, recording of vital signs and measurement of some hematological and metabolical parameters were done at times zero, 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after the injection. According to the obtained results, with increasing of plasma volume in both two groups that were treated by salin solutions during the first 10-minute, evident reduction occured in some hematollogical indices and plasma protein and gradually retuned to the beginning level during 120 minutes. In many parameters, changes were similar and higher in both treated groups than control group. Comparison means of sodium levels, showed a significant difference, so that the mean of sodium (mmol/L) in group C (164.8±1.2) was higher than groups A (154.6±1.2) and B (153.3±1.4) (P<0.001). The mean of chlorine level in group C (122±0.6) was higher than groups A (112±0.6) and B (113±0.7) (P<0.001). The mean of potassium did not show a significant difference between the different groups (P>0.05). It seems that intravenous injection of low levels of hypertonic salin and high levels of isotonic saline have almost similar hematological and metabolical effects, and thus it is easier to access the desired results with low amounts of hypertonic solutions.

Selenium is a component of some important selenoproteins and enzymes required for main functions in organisms as antioxidant defense, reduction of inflammation, thyroid hormone production, DNA synthesis, fertility, reproduction and killing cancer cells (by reducing the blood supply to tumors). This study was conducted to determine the effects of organic and inorganic selenium (Se) supplementation on serum Se status. 21 healthy mix breed horses 5-8 years of age were randomly divided into three groups, control without Se (CTRL), non-organic bolus (INORG) and organic Se (ORG) and in one of the horse riding clubs in Tehran province. Animals were located in control and treatment groups. Control group received only routine equine diet (were fed a typical alfalfa, grain and straw yields) for 28 days. First treatment group received routine diet plus premix (included 1 mg sodium selenite/day) and a second group was supplemented with 1 mg commercially available –enriched yeast (O-Sel). Blood samples (5ml) were taken by venoject tube from jugular vein on day 0, 14 and 28. Serum selenium levels were measured by atomic absorption method and serum glutathione peroxidase was measured using a biochemical kit. Serum activity of glutathione peroxidase showed a significant difference between the two treatment groups compared to control group (p≤ 0.05). Mean serum Se concentration on d 14 and 28 was greater (P<0.006) for Se-supplemented horses compared with CTRL horses, and tended (P<0.004) to be greater in ORG vs. INORG on d 28. The results of present study showed that use of selenium premix increased blood sera according to results and organic supplementation in horse appeared more efficient and the enzyme glutathione peroxidase could be a good indicator for assessing selenium status in the study groups.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sperm parameters in male Wistar rats exposed to lead acetate during prenatal and lactation periods. In this experimental study, 35 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups. Rats in the control and sham groups had access to drinking water and a combination of water and glacial acetic acid, respectively. Experimental groups (subgroups of sham) including pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, lactation, pregnancy-lactation and pre-pregnancy-pregnancy-lactation groups had access to 0.2% lead acetate and 0.05% acetic acid in water during the mentioned periods. On day 63 after birth, male offspring were euthanized and sperm samples were taken from the tail of the epididymis and the parameters such as number, survival, chromatin quality, maturity, abnormal shapes and motility were evaluated.  Statistically, lead acetate had significant effects on the studied parameters, so that the number, motility (progressive, P; nonprogressive, NP and immobile, IM), viability, sperm maturity, and the occurrence of abnormal sperm forms in the experimental groups showed a significant decrease (P<0.05). However, chromatin quality and non-progressive sperm motility did not show significant changes (P>0.05). According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that exposure to lead acetate in the prenatal and lactation periods has significant negative effects on sperm parameters.

Change in sex ratio of some species such as rat due to the greater use of one sex is noted. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of adding different levels of potassium citrate to water and feed on sex ratio of laboratory rats. Fifty female wistar rats and 25 males were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups and fed diets or water supplemented with different levels of potassium citrate from 20 days before to 10 days after mating. During the experiment period and 10 weeks after mating, weekly water and feed intake were measured and number of neonates and their gender were recorded. Potassium citrate increased percentage of male neonates in all the treated groups; but only the rates that dietary consumed three-fold higher than the potassium requirements showed significant difference compared to the control group and the sex ratio changed (P <0.05). The mean body weight in all treated rats was lower than the control group. Addition of potassium citrate to the diets and water caused 1.9 to 13.5% decrease in reproductive performance in the supplemented groups compared to the control group. Although potassium supplementation increased percentage of male rat neonates, because of the reduced reproductive performance of the colony and the reduction in body weight, the continuous administration of potassium in diet is not recommended; but, when it is required, potassium can be implemented during short period of time.

The aim of this study was evaluation of cryo-viability of rooster semen supplemented with Rosemary and Fennel extracts in extender on quality of cryopreserved sperm under acute stress. A total of 24 roosters randomly divided into two groups: without stress (CON) or under oxidative stress, with administration of dexamethasone, 4 mg/Kg body weight, three times, every other day for 1 week, (DEX). Collected semen samples of birds were pooled in each groups and used in one of following treatments: 1) CON: with no extract supplementation or dexamethasone administration, 2) DEX: Dexamethasone group, 3) CON+Ros: semen of control group supplemented with 10 ml rosemary extract per deciliter of extender, 4) DEX+Ros; semen of DEX group supplemented with 10 ml rosemary extract per deciliter of extender, 5) CON+Fen: semen of control group supplemented with 6 ml fennel extract per deciliter of extender and 6) CON+Fen: semen of DEX group supplemented with 6 ml fennel extract per deciliter of extender. Results showed induced stress decreased sperm motility and biochemical parameters (P<0.05). Viability and membrane integrity of sperm were higher in CON+Ros and CON+Fen than other experimental groups (P<0.05). Similarly, supplementation of extender with rosemary and fennel extract in groups DEX+Fen and DEX+Ros improved mentioned parameters in rooster’s semen under physiologic stress. Totally, results showed supplementation of rosemary and fennel extract in cryopreservation extender can improve the quality of frozen-thawed semen in roosters reared under physiologic stress.

Disorder of the serum Na is an important phenomenon; it should be diagnosed as soon as possible and the patient should be treated promptly. Any delay in treatment can cause some irreversible neurological damages. In all hospitalized patients, especially those are candidate for fluid therapy, serum electrolyte, especially Na concentration should be monitored regularly. A red fox (Vulpes vulpes) with the history of vomiting, weakness and lethargy, ataxia, alopecia and a bad general condition was referred to the clinic of the faculty of veterinary medicine of Razi University. For assessing the patient’s condition and starting fluid therapy venous blood was taken and sent for hematology and biochemistry. Radiographic study of the right hind limb showed talocrural joint dislocation. It was managed by reducing and casting. The blood biochemical analysis showed severe hyponatremia, hypo-osmolality and metabolic alkalosis. Though, treatment was done based on these findings. Incorrect differentiation between false and true hyponatremia can lead to inappropriate treatment that can cause entrance of excessive Na to the interstitial tissues that can result in brain edema and convulsion. Though, careful assessment of the cause and type of hyponatremia based on physiological principles and in accordance with our suppositions is necessary for correct management of this important challenge.