نشریه گفتمان طراحی شهری
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 7، پاییز 1400)

This article intends to identify and define the typology of lost urban spaces in Shahid Beheshti Street in Karaj, and also to determine the priority of planning and design for lost spaces by examining the amount of its catalyst.

In order to study a case study an expert-centered approach based on criteria of conceptual framework is used for examining and finding the lost spaces. In this section, the field survey method including observation, survey and photography were used and by completing the checklist, the catalyst of each space was evaluated with an expert-centered view.

Based on the evaluation in functional, social, economic, environmental and implemtational dimenstions, 23 lost spaces in the case study can be divided into five types, which are: undeveloped space, open parking space, dysfunctional space, residual development space and space abandoned on the side of the street.

According to the research approach, in order to revitalize the street, 8 principles should be considered (enclouser and continuity of facade / coordination of form and function / diversity and varaiety / context / compatibility / people-centered / static and dynamic / dialectic of exterior and interior space).

Problem statement:

Today, the issue of thermal comfort has been raised as one of the important factors in the quality of urban open spaces along with physical factors. Basically, citizens tend to be in spaces where they feel thermally comfortable. Due to the effect of various parameters in urban open spaces that affect the thermal comfort of users and the lack of codified principles in this regard, the creation of such a space in an urban area has become difficult to identify and meet the thermal needs of city designers.

Studies showed that in the open spaces of the urban environment, due to the influence of various factors, absolute thermal comfort conditions can not be achieved throughout the day; Rather, thermal comfort conditions are expected to be provided for certain hours. To improve thermal comfort in urban open spaces, elements such as vegetation, water, proper orientation, type of materials, color, activity rate and coverage rate are important. It is obvious that by using these factors and observing the time of presence in the open space of Rudkenar sidewalk, thermal comfort will be provided in it.

The research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose; And is based on analytical method. In this method, in order to study the microclimate, the software simulation technique (Envi met) has been used as one of the most complete simulation software in the field of urban microclimate, and the values ​​of PMV thermal comfort index (average vote prediction) using simulation in different parts of the route The designed sidewalk that has different conditions and situations has been calculated and the changes of two factors of temperature and radiation and its effect on the thermal comfort of Khorramabad river in Lorestan in summer have been studied.

Finally, it was found that factors such as choice of direction, walking time, sidewalk width, the presence of trees and vegetation, shade and water, as well as some user characteristics such as metabolic rate and activity, coverage rate in terms of thermal comfort in this season of the year Has been impressive.

In the present century, with the expansion of urbanization and urban development, impermeable surfaces (asphalt, concrete) have also increased and these changes have caused runoff to flow in the city and consequently problems such as traffic disruption, pollution of receiving waters, Reduce groundwater levels and the formation of floods. Traditional methods are not very effective today and in some cases even exacerbate these problems. Therefore, the need for new and creative methods to manage runoff is felt more than ever.

Three approaches including: water-sensitive urban design, low impact development and sustainable urban drainage systems are among these new approaches that are based on sustainability principles and have multiple benefits (maintaining environmental conditions and completing the urban water cycle) in addition to runoff management.

In terms of purpose, this research is fundamental and from the point of view of analysis method, it is considered as one of the theoretical researches in which by using internet resources and library documents, an attempt is made to identify the concepts, goals and benefits of these three approaches.

Finally by extracting common goals, the success rate of achieving each goal is determined by using the utility matrix, and in addition to formulating a conceptual model of sustainable runoff management, a table of strategies for achieving this approach has been provided.

problem statement:

Common values ​​between residents and citizens of a neighborhood are fundamental in having a collective and common mentality. The emergence of common values ​​in the neighborhood depends on several factors. One of the qualities and concepts that significantly impact these common values ​​is the spatial differentiation of the neighborhood. This article aims to investigate the effect of the degree of spatial differentiation of neighborhoods on the formation of common values ​​among citizens.

This research has been done using a survey and based on field studies in the neighborhood of Ahvaz city and based on the opinions of 663 residents of selected neighborhoods.

Many of the city's problems and ills are caused by a lack of shared values ​​and collective mentality and understanding. Neighborhoods with unique characteristics, distinctiveness, and different spatial distinctions can provide many qualities. Shared values ​​lead to a shared understanding of the neighborhood, enhance collective and shared experiences, and thus add to neighborhood quality and urban quality.

The results show that the spatial differentiation of neighborhoods significantly leads to the formation and promotion of common and collective values ​​among citizens. Moreover, the distinction of physical appearance and neighborhood identification are among the most critical factors.

The purpose of this study is to introduce Ecovillage as a comprehensive model for the sustainable development of human settlements, which is an appropriate response to the challenges in the target urban-villages and Farahzad as the case study.

A descriptive-analytical approach has been applied in this study. In the theoretical part of the research, the principles of ecovillages have been investigated through the study and analysis of written documents and articles (documentary method) and the conceptual framework and general goals of Urban-Village sustainable development have been developed based on the ecovillage model. In terms of experimental studies, several field studies and site visits have been done in order to better understand the case study and its situation. The urban design framework of Farahzad Urban-Village has been developed based on AHP Analytic hierarchy process.

According to the study findings, the ecovillage model includes four key dimensions of environmental, social, economic and cultural and 18 principles that in Farahzad, environmental dimension and then social and economic dimension are the most important. The selected framework of Farahzad village is based on AHP, based on emphasizing its role in tourism and Residential, and considering both local and tourism areas.

The ecovillage is a comprehensive model for the sustainable development of Farahzad urban-village and the target villages. The principles and objectives of ecovillages include both substantive and procedural dimensions, which can be accomplished through a bottom-up process involving local residents and institutions.

there is a need for educational studies due to the 21st-century paradigm shift in higher education toward the social responsibility of universities and the changing challenges of urban design and planning. This article aims to provide the background for redesigning and adapting the educational program of urban design to the social responsibility approach, and it also identified the current teaching and learning methods applied in urban design master’s programs.

the study reviews the university social responsibility and urban design pedagogy literature to propose a social responsibility-based model for urban design education through expert discussion.

with regards to pedagogical approaches, there are four teaching-learning methods, including traditional education, project-based learning, service-learning, and sustainable education. Besides, the social-responsibility-based model for urban design education includes four steps, namely, values, management, practices, and impacts.

the fundamental difference between this approach with the current educational approaches of urban design is the matter of morality so that its underlying philosophy should be considered responsibility toward society and the environment, regardless of time and place boundaries.