پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ
پیاپی 46 (بهار 1401)

Great Khorasan is one of the largest and richest human civilizations that covers a large geographical area from Iraq to Takharistan and from Sistan to India. However, Iran and Afghanistan are considered as the main heirs of this great civilization, as they have the widest and deepest cultural, social, etc. commonalities. However; cognitive and emotion’s distances and misuse of mutual capacities and facilities in the both countries discourage the field of co-operation and increases distance. The expanding of religious extremism, the interests of Iran's regional and global rivals, the migration crisis, the scarcity of water resources, the growth of radical nationalist groups are some of the threats to the relations between the two countries and our civilizational and historical assets. This paper answers with a descriptive-analytical method The main question that given these commonalities and threats in the relations between the two countries, what roles can play the field of culture and cultural and social elements; in improving relations and preserving our civilizational and historical commonalities? There is no doubt that the field of culture and society are an important path for the development of relations between countries; According to many postmodern sociologists, today: goods and cultural elements have permeated other areas of society; therefore, the role of culture, elements and social values should not be overlooked. The purpose of this paper is to explore the common opportunities and capacities between the two countries and the pathology of the lack of favorable interaction and investment in common interest. The results of this study show that the joint investment of Iran and Afghanistan on cultural and social commonalities will affect other areas of life and will protect our civilizational and historical assets, and how relations between future generations will depend on these measures.

The religion of Islam and its rational teachings as a dominant social and ideological discourse have empowered the Afghan people during the three wars and military aggression of British colonialism. With this attitude, the author tries to show the signs and symbols of the discourse of Islamic rationality in the struggle against British colonialism by using historical sources and library research methods. And also to analyze and read according to the method of Laclau and Moff discourse influenced by Michel Foucault. About 99% of the population of Afghanistan is followers of Islam and its rational teachings are embedded in all aspects of the life of the Afghan people; Thus, Islam forms the central sign of the discourse of Islamic rationality in the struggle against British colonialism, and other signs and symbols in its articulation have deep roots in the religious and ideological thoughts of the people. Dall-Auli al-Amr. It represents the role of religious scholars in appointing Amanullah Khan in the struggle against British colonialism and the country's independence. Dall fatwa It has created and strengthened a deep bond between people and religious scholars against colonialism In the same way, Dall Nafyee Sabill with different elements, Afghan warriors have not appeared against the colonial armies. Elements of Dall Nafyee Sabell, such as the cultural, political, and diplomatic elements, have dealt a fatal blow to the British colonial body, eventually marginalizing colonialism by forcing it out of Afghanistan and becoming a dominant Islamic discourse. Now the main question is what is the role of Islamic rationality in the struggle against British colonialism? The purpose of writing is to represent the signs and symbols of Islamic rationality and its impact on the ability of the Afghan people against British colonialism. The findings show that the people of Afghanistan have relied on Islam and its signs and symbols as much as they have been able to achieve victory and victory in the fight against British colonialism.

The analysis of migration flows leads to understanding the correlations of habitations, reasons,and influences of this action on geographic field,as well as proposing appropriate population policies and services. This research has been carried out due to analysis of inter-county migration flow in Khorasan provinces from 2011 to 2016, and also to recognizing the circumstance of residential network of Khorasan provinces (in county scale), based on the rate of migration. The research comprises a quantitative method and a descriptive-analytical approach. The method of data collection is documentary and statistics related to the 2011 and 2016 census periods have been used. To analyze the data, the approach of Size-Based and Network-Based and also the Gephi software has been used. The results of the research indicate that among the studied counties only eight counties are immigrant and 39 remain counties are emigrant. The Mashhad city has a very high advantage over other cities. It is considered the principal capital of the three province's cities. However, four smaller bunch are identifiable that their capitals are Birjand, Sebzevar, Bojnurd and Torbat Heydaieh. The second group with the centrality of Birjand, is the most dynamic bunch in terms of immigration mobility. Most border and deprived cities have high emigration. In other words, in addition to economic, the geographic factor is influential in population dynamics.

Iran Due to its long borders and multiplicity of neighbors, Iran has always had issues related to border control in border issues. An overview of the border areas of the country shows several factors that challenge the control of the country's borders and provide the basis for many problems that by better understanding and understanding them can be a step to reduce these problems and better improve the country's borders. Controlled. The present study aims to apply the factors affecting border control in Khorasan Razavi province with Afghanistan with the purpose of application and descriptive-analytical method. Two sections of library and survey have been used to collect information. The statistical population of the study consisted of 55 experts in the fields of political geography, political science and border guards. In the next section, SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the findings of the questionnaire. The results of field findings in the T-test section showed that the overall border control index based on the dimensions formed with an average score of 3.55 showed a positive effect of the proposed dimensions on border control in the study area. In the findings related to the partial least squares (PLS) method, the path coefficients for economic and social dimensions with 0.248 and 0.244 scores have the highest correlation and for demographic and political dimensions with 0.178 and 0.191 scores, respectively. With border control.

In recent years, the increase of the theft in Kabul city is one of the serious problems of this city. This problem has challenged the immunity of Kabul city and raised social concerns among the citizens. Theft in Kabul is a complex issue that has different dimensions and aspects. This phenomenon is intertwined with many problems, limitations, weaknesses, and anomalies in Afghan society. In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the phenomenon of theft in Kabul according to the attitude of Kabul citizens towards this issue. The theoretical framework of this research is obtained as a combination of theories, like social control theory, social disorder theory, and spatial theory. The statistical population in this study is the city of Kabul, which 116 of Kabul’s citizens have selected as a sample. The field data were analyzed by using SPSS software at three levels of descriptive statistics, analytical statistics, and inferential statistics. The results show that the rate of theft is high in Kabul, and factors such as social disorders, weakness in mechanisms of control in the society, and adverse urban environment, have an effective role in the phenomenon of theft in Kabul city. According to the attitude of Kabul citizens towards the phenomenon of theft, reducing the opportunities for theft, positive change in values of society and institutional development, has been suggested as an effective solution to reduce the phenomenon of theft in Kabul city.

In all countries of the world, urban management is one of the dynamic forces of the city. Among these, various urban development plans are the most important tools of urban management intervention on behalf of the government. The present article aims to analyze the effects of urban development projects on the destruction of historical-identity sites in Mashhad, the causes of land use change and destruction of valuable historical buildings and structures in Mashhad and evaluation of urban actions and projects in the central part of Mashhad Has been. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. In the spatial analysis section, visual interpretation of old aerial photographs and satellite images with a resolution of 0.5 meters has been used. The analytical framework of the research is formed by emphasizing Lefebvre's three concepts of space dimensions, including spatial practice, representational space, especially spatial representation. The results show that the policies and urban plans implemented in the central part of Mashhad have seriously damaged its historical identity. The depopulation representation in this space has not been able to preserve the historical context, even as a single building, and has led to the depopulation and de-functionalization of the historical contexts of Mashhad and the disappearance of the concept of neighborhood in these ancient areas.