Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:11 Issue: 4, Autumn 2021

The study examined the influence of job characteristics on team-playing behaviour of bank workers in Ogun State, Nigeria. The extent to which team members are willing to display helpful team-playing behaviour has not previously been quantified. Descriptive design was adopted while accidental and convenience sampling technique was used to select 173 participants from eight banks. The two instruments used for data collection were validated using Cronbach Alpha method yielding 0.81and 0.76 reliability co-efficient, respectively. Pearson Product Moment Correlation, ANOVA, Mean and Standard Deviation and t-test analysis were used for data analyses. There is significant inverse relationship between job characteristics and team-playing behaviour. In addition, task significance in the banking job contributes most significantly to their team playing behaviour. Bank managers should always know that employees’ job characteristics have significant influence on whether or not they will demonstrate armful team-playing behaviour at work. Future studies may probe into other job factors that are person-specific. This study did not only further reveal how the characteristics of bank job are related to harmful or helpful team playing behaviour of bank officials but also showed the actual team-playing behaviour that are harmful to teamwork.

Religiosity has had important political effects as one of the most important features of Iranian identity. These effects based on contemporary and historical developments, indicate clearly the dynamic and creative nature of this identity in the social construction of political realities in Iran. The present study applies Hunter (1991; 2006) and Wuthnow’s (1988) theory of cultural wars to investigate the impact of religiosity on electoral behaviors in terms of voting tendency and participation in elections. The statistical population of the study consists of young people aged 22-40 who have participated in at least three general elections. From this statistical population, 377 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling as the statistical sample of the research. Linear regression and logistics were used to analyze the data. The results show that the Degree of religiosity of youth has a significant effect on their electoral behaviors in terms of voting Tendency and participation in elections. So that, the youth who had a high average religiosity tended to the fundamentalists and participate more in elections. Whereas, young people with low average religiosity tended to be reformists and were less likely to participate in elections This study contributes to Hunter (1991; 2006) and Wuthnow’s (1988) theory of cultural wars by testing it in a unique political context and therefore contextualizes the theory.

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) discloses manipulative texts and intends to empower the reader to discriminate between convincing, well-founded argument and fallacious misconduct. It also raises awareness of the manipulation and the exploitation of the texts, which seem natural to the readers. CDA uncover the linguistic techniques as well as social actions which are used to promote the ideas including injustice, dominance, discrimination, and highly opinionated and prejudiced beliefs, which have dominated all the social roles in any society. This study sought to analyze the U.S. president’s speech regarding Iran’s nuclear agreement on the basis of Van Leewen’s Socio-semantic model. Accordingly, all the speech was thoroughly scrutinized and all the sentences were completely analyzed based on socio-semantic model. The results indicated that Trumps’ speech enjoyed a 50 percent degree of mystification, illustrating he was almost explicit in his beliefs. By reinstating the expressions such as ‘Iran’, ‘Iranian Regime’, and ‘This Regime’ as the subject of the sentences or as Halliday (1995) named, the theme of the sentences, he intently highlighted the role of Iran and its involvement in all the instability and disorder in the ‘Persian Gulf’ or as he said ‘Arabian Gulf’ area. Trump made an attempt to illuminate ‘Iranophobia’ and shed more light on its sinister and chaotic actions. By putting the blame on the previous administration, and giving so many examples with respects to Iran’s destructive actions, he tried to warn the whole world of the likely evil consequences of the contract. By studying and focusing on the linguistic features of the speech, this study endeavored to demonstrate how linguistic structures are controlled by socio-semantic features and how these features, in turn, are controlled by ideology. Ideology, in turn, is also dominated by power relations in a wider scale.

Everyday life has intertwined with the kinds of relations that people have with each other. When these relations become power relations, people try to influence the relationship process. This article have examined the power relation in the “The Salesman”, prodused by Asghar Farhadi, and has analyzed the power relations that has been formed between subjects- Emad and the aggressor- and has attempted to answer these main questions: How did the subjects affect each other in this relation of power, and what strategies and techniques did they use to excercise power? To answer these questions, Foucault's views were chosen as the theoretical framework and the method of critical analysis of discourse of Fairclough was chosen as the research method. The unit of analysis in this study was the text of the conversations of these two subjects. The result of the research shows that the aggressor and Emad used dominant and antagonistic approaches to influence each other. The comparison of these actions showed that although the aggressor tried to use his dominant approach to advance his purposes, Emad confronted him with a rival approach. Eventually, Findings show that Emad, after many interactions, was able to turn his strategies into a "winning" strategy by changing his techniques.

This study is going to investigate the characterization of the protagonist of Kazuo Ishiguro’s An Artist of the Floating World in terms of the midlife crisis with which he is involved. This novel gives an account Masuji Ono, an ageing painter, who reviews his life and profession in the post-World War II Japan. Considering the fact that Masuji Ono’s review is characterized by the obsession with family and profession with an attempt to decide whether he achieved “generativity” or “stagnation,” his account can be discussed in terms of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development. This investigation is worth undertaking as it reveals the psychological complexities of the protagonist of the novel, and it can simultaneously answer some questions about his certain behaviors. Focusing on the seventh stage of Erikson’s developmental psychology, namely midlife crisis which is primarily characterized by deciding over the binary “generativity versus stagnation” and the individual’s struggle to decide on the meaning of life, the present research explores Masuji Ono’s attempts at creating a positive image of his past and also his tendency to compensate his shortcomings in familial issues in order to finally feel “generative” in his midlife years. Ultimately, this research discusses Masuji Ono’s extent of success in overcoming the psychological tribulations of the stage and whether he achieves “care” which is the virtue of the stage in question.

Virtual education is currently viewed as one of the kinds of formal education due to the prevalence of Corona disease. Virtual education is a collection of educational activities that are performed utilizing electronic devices including audio, video, computer, and network. On the other hand, cultural intelligence indicates the ability to be useful between various cultures, and these abilities can be trained to individuals and have been identified in four dimensions: motivational, cognitive, metacognitive, and behavioral. Additionally, academic achievement symbolizes students' success in one or more subjects (such as comprehension, reading comprehension, or numerical calculation), such advancement is measured by determined academic subjects and has indices such as the desire to study, self-esteem, motivation for progress, and creativity. This study aims to examine and explain the effect of virtual education on cultural intelligence and academic achievement of high school students and the statistical sample of this study is male and female high school students in Tehran's fifth district that 357 students were selected randomly based on Cochran's formula and were examined in a survey form. This research is based on Earley and Ang's theories. According to them, cultural intelligence refers to the degree to which citizens identify the cultural indices of society, which it is possible to be in four dimensions: cognitive, metacognitive, behavioral, and motivational in any community. Findings show that there is a perfect correlation between cultural intelligence indices. Additionally, indices of academic achievement are extremely affected by indices of cultural intelligence. Lastly, the findings explain that there is a relationship between virtual education and cultural intelligence with Pearson and Chi-square correlation coefficient equal to 42.791, and virtual education and academic achievement with Pearson and Chi-square correlation coefficient equal to 21.3425 and cultural intelligence and academic achievement with correlation coefficient of Pearson and Chi-Square equal to 22.9075. In other words, there is a direct and significant relationship between the variables of virtual education and cultural intelligence, virtual education, and academic achievement, cultural intelligence, and academic achievement. So that increasing one variable increases another variable and also decreasing one variable decreases another variable. In general, virtual education as one of the most significant types of formal education that is presently very widespread in schools can increase and develop communication between students and cultural exchange, which if planned in the dimensions of virtual education and also cultural intelligence, will be possible to provide the conditions for academic achievement.

Along with the Arab wave of protests in the Arab Middle East in 2011, nationwide protests in Yemen began a series of street marches, protests and civil disobedience against the Yemeni government and President Ali Abdullah Saleh on January 14, 2011. It reached its peak by February 3, which became known as the Day of Rage, and led to the regime's bloody and violent crackdown on protesters. Nearly nine months after the violence, the UN Security Council reacted by issuing a resolution in 2014, according to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, expressing grave concern about the continuing human rights situation in Yemen. Calling the situation in Yemen a crisis, he said that the best way to overcome the crisis is through peaceful means and that security and stability in Yemen are in line with counter-terrorism efforts in the region and described the deteriorating situation in Yemen as a threat to international peace and security, and recalled the Security Council's responsibility for international peace and security. Women regretted and strongly condemned the human rights violations by the Yemeni government. Although in The resolution noted that all groups should withdraw their weapons from the region and achieve a peaceful process, but in the wake of the crisis in Yemen, events became more tragic, not just government weapons resulting from the civil war.

This study was carried out with the aim of sociological study of the barriers to investment in sustainable employment projects and realizing the production leap. In this study, 324 entrepreneurs have been contacted according to statistical indicators, and the researcher has conducted face-to-face interviews with people who have used employment-generating loans between 1997 and 2017. Finally, four hypotheses were investigated. After statistical analysis and finally the final chart was analyzed using statistical indicators and LISREL software and it was concluded that variables such as rent, transparency, stability and trust have an important effect on job creation and production jump. The research is done in a quantitative framework using the documentary and field approach in this study.

Violence against women is a universal reality and is common in all countries, cultures and societies. This violence appears in various forms such as physical, sexual, emotional, neglect, negligence, and child marriage, and ultimately results in emotional divorce, formal divorce, escape, suicide, and the breakdown of the family unit. In order to reduce such kind of violence each country has common program such as increasing the society awareness and specific interventions for target groups. One of these specific programs in Iran is “Social Emergency services”. Its characteristic is ‘be specialized”, “be on time” and “be available”. Safe house centers (shelters) with the aim of protecting and supporting women and children from domestic violence is another specific program that has been launched since 2014. Results show that this program by helpline (123) and  mobile social services has been able to empower 15721 violent women during 2019 by delivering specific services (social, psychological, increasing awareness, teaching, covering and supporting). A review on the experience of countries shows that increasing public awareness about violence against women, holding training courses, specialized meetings and reviewing the law can have an impact on controlling and decreasing violence.

The word freedom is a mixed concept that refers to the different choices. On the one hand, it refers to autonomy and the ability to do things and having the right to free choice, and on the other hand, it refers to independence. The free person tries to make his choices according to his will and no factor should stop him from doing so. If the action taken is wrong, the result will affect the small society (family) and the large one (society). Stealthy freedom is the type of freedom which is outside the custom, laws, and culture of the family and the society. In this category, a person secretly crosses the red line and enters a path that ends in a dead-end. The red line is the word we have heard forbidden from doing certain things and ordering others to do them from the same childhood from parents and in other years from teachers and school officials. In the discussion of stealthy freedom the person has operated the freedom secretly, it will have more destructive effects. Since the issue of freedom and youth is an integral part of any society, this study examines this issue based on the story which describes the events in this category. Accordingly, the forthcoming research tries to show this idea by giving an example of a short story (Only Goodness) from the short stories collection of Unaccustomed Earth (2008) by the well-known author Jhumpa Lahiri. Moreover, it attempts to challenge Philip Pettit’s theory of freedom based on the choice to depict the fate of the character.