نشریه پژوهش ملل
پیاپی 74 (فروردین 1401)

The relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Israel have strong transnational aspects. Given the great importance of Azerbaijan's relations with Israel and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is important to understand the transnational context of these relations. In the present article, identifying their impact on the formation and development of these relationships is considered as a goal. In this regard, descriptive-analytical method as well as library resources have been used to collect the necessary data. Findings and results of the article indicate that after the collapse of the bipolar structure of the international system with the development of transnational factors and actors, the importance of economic relations in global interactions, the relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Israel has been affected. The independence of the South Caucasus countries following the collapse of the Soviet Union and Russia's inability to control the situation led to the presence of trans-regional actors such as the United States in the geopolitical sphere of the South Caucasus; Therefore, one of the main intentions and motives for establishing good relations between Azerbaijan and Israel was to gain the support of the influential Jewish lobby in the American political process. The model of the American pluralistic system also provided the right conditions for influential lobbies to influence US foreign policy. The Jewish lobby and supporters of Zionist politics, as unofficial members of these relations, have shown by their biased stance on the issue of Azerbaijan in American politics that they played a more effective role in the back channel than in the official and diplomatic channels. The issue of energy security in the West with the role of multinational corporations is also one of the factors influencing the development of relations as well as Israel's strategic interests in Azerbaijan.

The implementation of Article 44 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which takes place in the form of privatization and transfer of state property to the private sector, is one of the most important principles of the Constitution, which aims to reduce the role of government in the economy and entrepreneurship. And economic cooperation has been on the agenda of the eleventh and twelfth governments in the last three decades, and especially. This article seeks to answer the question to what extent, in fact, the Privatization Organization in the Eleventh and Twelfth Governments has been able to achieve the general policy objectives of Article 44 in the field of privatization? In response to this question and assuming the failure of the government due to problems in the field of legal structures and the actions of brokers, an attempt has been made to use the framework of structure / broker theories with a descriptive-analytical approach while stating the achievement of policy goals. The general provisions of Article 44 consider the occurrence of deviations and corruption as one of the effective factors in this regard. And an appropriate amendment emphasizes the need to observe and pay attention to the teachings of public policy in the field of privatization in Iran.

The Covid 19 outbreak is an international challenge that has been unprecedented over the centuries. The virus, which was released in Wuhan, China in late December 2019, soon spread around the world. The policies and actions of countries in the face of the Corona crisis are partly influenced by global policy and partly the result of domestic performance. The main question of the present article is how the role of governments in controlling and managing the outbreak of the corona pandemic, the new virus in the world, can be evaluated, inferred and analyzed? And do the actions taken by governments lead to the cooperation of countries with each other or, conversely, do they lead to conflicts and differences between countries? The findings show that in the context of the Kuwait-19 epidemic in the world, due to the approach of structural realism in the international system, governments continue to emphasize their political and geographical boundaries, which prevents the management and prevention of the disease in the world. The outbreak of the disease has once again shown that, as neorealists emphasize, governments remain the most important actors in the international system. The Corona Pandemic is also a crossroads of ideas and discourse conflicts in the international arena, which provides the ground for political, economic, etc. competition for governments. This hypothesis considers itself loyal to the lack of central authority in the international environment, which leads countries to the principle of self-help and survival. It is noteworthy that the present article has used the descriptive-analytical method in the method of data collection in a library (documentary) method.

Globalization is the most important difference between today's world and yesterday, which has grown in various fields, including the economy. The existence of organizations such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization, which economists call the United Nations, has made the globalization of the economy an undeniable phenomenon with which any country does not adapt. It will bring economic. The main purpose of this article is to understand the impact that economic globalization has had on one of the powers of the West Asian region, Israel. To answer the main question, what opportunities has globalization provided for the Israeli economy? This article, based on data obtained from major international institutions, seeks to test the main hypothesis of the article on the economic globalization of Israel in a descriptive-analytical manner. The period includes the years before and after Israel's membership in the World Trade Organization and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Findings show that globalization in the economy leads to job creation, poverty reduction and increased quality of life. In order to achieve this goal, Israel's membership in institutions such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has been a necessity. In the end, it can be concluded that globalization has attracted foreign investment in Israel and has provided the security of this actor in the economy through interdependence with other developed countries.

The present article seeks to examine the lack of law regarding animal rights from a legal and psychological perspective. Due to the problematic nature of this issue, the consequences of not enacting a law in this regard have been investigated. According to the provided documents, the method of collecting information is library. In this article, the question arises that if the law on animal rights is not approved, what will be the consequences for individuals, animals and society? The findings indicate that in Iran, unlike other countries, the title of animal abuse has not been criminalized and no punishment has been determined for it, and those who attempt animal abuse are mentally ill. And are dangerous to society. Finally, given the importance of animal rights in Islam, we see indifference to animal rights that leads to animal abuse and the lack of legislation to punish offenders, which is enacted with the passage of the Animal Rights Protection and Punishment Law as well as culture. Building and advancing principled methods, we can see to some extent the reduction of many unfortunate events now.

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the conceptual metaphor of Corona in the Afghan media and the type of human cognition and interpretation of this invisible concept. The abstract concept of Corona is linguistically represented in the Afghan media in the structure of various things and phenomena, such as the enemy, human, plant, and so on. In this article, descriptive-analytical method has been used. The main question that has been answered is how the abstract concept of Corona is represented and interpreted in the Afghan media based on Corona-related headlines (in the Hasht-e Subh [8 am] Daily). The findings show that the most common conceptual metaphor of Corona in the Afghan media, especially in the Corona-related headlines of the Hasht-e Subh Daily, is the conceptual metaphor of "the Corona is the enemy". This metaphor is one of the newest and also the main conceptual metaphors of Persian language in the field of medicine. The conceptual metaphor of "Corona is the enemy" is considered a structural metaphor in terms of metaphorical types; structural metaphors are the representation of one concept based on the structure of another concept.

The present article seeks to investigate the effect of organizational structure on knowledge absorption capacity through the mediation of organizational energy in the Directorate of Education of Astara, Iran, in 2020. The statistical population of this study consists of all employees of the Directorate of Education of Astara city (950 people). A sample appropriate to the statistical population of the study including 274 people was selected by stratified random sampling and the research was conducted by correlation method. Data collection tool was a standard questionnaire which was distributed among respondents after estimating its validity and reliability. After collecting the questionnaires, in order to investigate the research hypotheses and in order to examine the organizational energy mediation, statistical coefficients appropriate to the type of variables were calculated and analyzed using factor structure analysis technique and path analysis (using LISREL software) and hierarchical regression method (using SPSS software). The results show that organizational structure affects the knowledge absorption capacity through the mediation of organizational energy, because the statistical analysis between these two shows that the significance of the path between the two variables is 0.49 and since this value is greater than 0.3, it is therefore confirmed. On the other hand, since the obtained significance number is positive, this effect is direct.