نشریه پژوهش های جرم شناختی پلیس
پیاپی 6 (بهار 1401)

The International Police Organization has been established to establish cooperation and coordination between the national police of member states. In order to achieve its goals, the organization issues various notices, headed by a red notice, which is similar to an international arrest warrant for defendants and criminals. According to Article 2 of the Interpol Charter, the organization must abide by the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. There is a question, what mechanism is envisaged in Interpol to guarantee human rights?

The present study is qualitative and according to the nature of the subject, in terms of practical purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and by studying valid laws and sources and the information obtained is descriptive-analytical.

Considering that some authoritarian governments used Interpol as a tool to pursue and gain access to their opponents, who were in fact only politically charged, some individuals and organizations have consistently and logically criticized this for the past two decades. And stressed the need to develop a mechanism to respect the human rights of individuals. Therefore, with the amendments made to the Articles of Association of the Interpol Files Control Commission, this commission has a quasi-judicial jurisdiction and composition, and individuals can complain to this commission and the Commission's decisions and decisions for Interpol bodies and member states regarding the removal of processing information. Is applicable in Interpol.

By studying and analyzing the rules and structure of the commission and especially the sample of votes issued in this research, we come to the conclusion that the commission always tries to maintain impartiality, protect and guarantee the human rights of individuals.

 The outbreak of Covid-19 has severely affected the world since 2020, and preliminary evidence suggests that one of these effects is a reduction or increase in crime rates. It affected his life and daily activities. Because the issuance and execution of these orders at different times and in different ways influenced people's lifestyles, a natural laboratory was created to test some related criminological theories to explain the changing rate of "crimes".

In the present paper, the effect of health protocol implementation, especially social distance, on the rates of child abuse, theft, punishment, punishment and harassment, conflict and network fraud (computer) in the provinces of Tehran, Mazandaran, Khorasan Razavi, Fars, East Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Sistan and Baluchestan has been studied by examining a number of criminological theories. The data of the above crimes are related to both the period before and after the outbreak of Covid 19, which were obtained through the Statistics and Information Technology Center of the Judiciary. Intermittent time series method has been used to analyze the data. 

 Based on the research findings, the percentage of decrease or increase in crimes studied during the two periods before and after the outbreak of the disease shows that the average for the three crimes of child abuse (-8/75), conflict (-8/29), bag Obligatory women (-26/01) show a decreasing trend. That is, the mentioned crimes have decreased in the post-epidemic period based on the average obtained in all the studied provinces. However, when examining the provinces, it is clear that some provinces, such as Kurdistan (in terms of child abuse and quality of women and forced labor), Mazandaran (in terms of conflict crimes and the quality of women in the post-conflict period, in East and South Africa) Have increased. In contrast, the average for all the provinces studied, for the two crimes of robbery (3/34) and network fraud (16/03), has increased in the post-outbreak period of 19. It turns out that the rate of these two crimes in the provinces of Khorasan Razavi, Sistan and Baluchestan and Mazandaran has decreased in the post-outbreak period.

Finally, it is concluded that the prevalence of Covid 19 and social distancing have changed the pattern of daily activities and the opportunity structures created as a result of these changes have changed the rates of child crime, harassment, punishing, and impunity and conflict, as opposed to cybercrime. And رTheft has been committed during the two periods before and after the outbreak of the coup d'état.

Considering the effective role of the family institution in relation to other social institutions in preventive measures and the bilateral relationship between this institution and drug addiction and their effects on each other; On the one hand, addiction leads the family to stagnation and decline, and on the other hand, it is a phenomenon that is partly rooted in family social issues. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify and prioritize home-based prevention factors of children 's tendency to addiction.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature is exploratory research and in terms of data collection method is quantitative-qualitative Q-type. Participants in this study were 40 specialists such as university professors in the fields of sociology and psychology, judges, family counselors, law enforcement officers, social emergency experts and members of the Anti-Narcotics Coordination Council who were purposefully selected. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which was measured by content validity method and retest method was used for reliability. In order to analyze the data from the nonparametric test; W. Kendall was used.

The results showed that the first effective family component in relation to addiction prevention is the knowledge-enhancing factor of life skills, especially problem-solving skills with an average of 14.69. The factor of increasing mental health (self-esteem, peace of mind, self-efficacy, relief from stress) with an average of 12.94 and the factor of spirituality and attitude and practical adherence to religious values ​​with an average of 11.81 were ranked second and third, respectively.

Considering that home-based prevention has an effective role in reducing children's tendency to use drugs and psychotropic substances. Accordingly, in order to have growing, healthy and balanced families and, of course, a healthy society, it is necessary to pay special attention to the preventive components of the home.

The main purpose of this study is the pathology of the construction industry on the incidence of burglary. To this end, identifying, evaluating and ranking the key factors (injuries) of the construction industry on the occurrence of home burglary in order to prevent and reduce burglary is a basic necessity of this study.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. Thus, first, by reviewing the literature, websites and libraries, interviews and various lectures of NAJA officials, a conceptual model of the damage of the construction industry including 16 factors was identified and extracted. Then, by distributing the researcher-made questionnaire among the officials and expert managers of Qazvin Disciplinary Command and using the confirmatory factor analysis approach with S-PLS software, the final effect or lack of effect of these factors was tested. Then, considering the sensitivity of determining the importance of factors in Qazvin Disciplinary Command, using a relatively new Savara decision-making technique, the weight and importance of factors were calculated and their final ranking was determined.

Based on the findings of the present study, the results of the test and confirmatory factor analysis showed the effect of all 16 factors on the incidence of burglary. The output of the Savara technique also showed that the tenth key factor was "opening the door for those working with other units of the building" with the highest weight as the most important factor, and the factor of "not securing the entrances to the building" with the lowest weight as the least important factor. They are at home in case of burglary.

Considering the rank of each factor in terms of importance in improving the situation of the construction industry and providing executive and practical solutions in this field, an effective step will be taken in this industry and improving police responsibilities to prevent burglary.

Terrorist acts and their challenges have prompted the international community to adopt a number of instruments to counter them. At the time of drafting the Statute of the International Criminal Court, the International Law Commission proposed that another category of crimes be included in the Court's jurisdiction, so that terrorist offenses would be included in the Court's jurisdiction, but disagreed on the definition of terrorism. As a result, it did not fall within the jurisdiction of the Court. Therefore, the question is whether it is possible to identify terrorism within the jurisdiction of the Court under the crime of crimes against humanity?

This research has been done in terms of practical purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and by studying valid laws and sources and the obtained information has been analyzed descriptively-analytically.

Today, the concept of the crime of "crime against humanity" has become so widespread that it can easily legally identify terrorism, which has all the characteristics to be recognized as an "international crime".

Based on the existing facts, terrorism has all the characteristics to be recognized as an international crime. With a little reflection, all four features of an international crime are committed on it and it can be easily identified as a crime against humanity, and therefore it is possible to develop the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court on this basis.

In the history of criminal law developments and since the formation of modern law, many criminological theories have been conceptualized to explain crime. However, the classical theory of criminal law analyzes the commission of crime in the context of individual variables, with an emphasis on cost-benefit approaches and rational choice. According to this theory, criminals are rational and economic-oriented actors who commit a crime by considering the benefits and costs of the crime in a situation where the benefits of the crime outweigh their costs. The growth of interdisciplinary approaches and the focus of economists on the problem of crime in the light of attention to micro-theories have differentiated the traditional reading from classical theory.

The present study is qualitative and according to the nature of the subject, in terms of practical purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and by studying valid laws and sources and the information obtained is descriptive- analytical.

Today, economic analysis of crime in the light of interdisciplinary approaches is a mixture of criminology, economics and criminal law. The findings of this study show that criminological theories of rational choice, daily activity, situational prevention and white-collar delinquency are the main sources of social costs and benefits of crime.

In general, the application of economic theories and criminological analysis of rational choice theory proved that the theory in question is not comprehensive. In other words, blue-collar criminals commit crimes based on the personality of the offender, and go beyond the scope of this theory. Also, the social costs of committing a crime will be the rejection of the offender and the criminal stigma in society, and the benefits of the crime for criminals will include material (financial) and psychological benefits (suppression of hatred, anger and revenge; suppression of lust and pleasure).