نشریه پژوهش های جرم شناختی پلیس
پیاپی 12 (پاییز 1402)

The criminal investigation process related to the citizen's rights in the criminal justice system has important dimensions, components and indicators, which are necessary and necessary for the defendants to comply with, and it is appropriate for criminal investigation experts to have special knowledge and attention to it. Therefore, the current research has been carried out with the aim of explaining the position of citizenship rights in the criminal investigation process.

In terms of purpose, the research is practical, and in terms of the nature of the data and the method of implementation, it is qualitative and exploratory. The method of analyzing related scientific documents and laws has been used for data analysis. For this purpose, relevant legal provisions such as international laws, the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013, the Criminal Procedure Law approved in 2013, the single article of the Law on Respecting Legitimate Freedoms and Protecting Citizen Rights approved in 2004 and other domestic and foreign laws that They were selected purposefully and in the third time of the study, theoretical and thematic saturation was reached and 7 experts approved, and MAXQDA software was used for qualitative content analysis.

159 basic themes have been extracted, which include 30 organizing themes and 3 inclusive themes, including laws and citizenship rights related to the defendants in the criminalization process in three processes: 1-Crime detection (prohibition of eavesdropping and control of telecommunication communications - inspection and inspection of the homes and workplaces of the accused - search and inspection of the homes and workplaces of some government officials), 2- preliminary investigations (feeling of the safety of the accused during interrogation - the investigation must not be delayed - compliance with the regulations of the investigation of the accused - avoiding torture during interrogations - avoiding discrimination between litigants - speeding up the processing of cases - Lawful interrogation, 3- Persecution of the accused (the right to compensation for the accused's losses and damages - The right of the accused to benefit from the principle of acquittal - The principle of prohibiting the arrest and detention of people - Prohibiting the arrest of the accused for more than 24 hours - Notifying the reasons for the arrest - Notifying the family - period Under its review and extension, the right to explain the accusation, the right to object the accused, the right to remain silent, the right to a medical examination, the right to have an interpreter, the right to be interrogated without torture, the absolute prohibition of torture, the observance of the principle of innocence, the right to have a lawyer, and the right to be interrogated under legal conditions.

The perpetrators of violent crimes are mainly people who live in the peripheral areas of cities and especially metropolises; The cause of this issue should be sought in the numerous and at the same time, ambiguous weaknesses governing these areas, which cause disruption in social occasions in various ways and play a facilitating role in the occurrence of social deviations and especially, the commission of violent crimes. This study aims to qualitatively investigate the phenomenon of marginalization in Khuzestan province, aiming to quantify the weaknesses prevailing in marginal areas that facilitate the tendency of people to commit violent crimes.

This research is fundamental in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method, which has used the basic theory; The sampling method was purposeful and the data collection method was carried out in the form of semi-structured interviews with 15 criminals of violent crimes in Khuzestan province, which reached theoretical saturation. The common feature of these people is that they commit violent crimes repeatedly. Data analysis based on the Grandad method has been done in three levels: open coding, central coding and selective coding.

After the coding stage, 10 main categories and 1 core category were extracted from the data. The main categories include: socio-economic challenge and structural deprivation as causal conditions, unfavorable family contexts as underlying conditions, illegitimate opportunities, positive attitude towards crime, institutional dysfunction and social learning as intervening conditions, committing violent crimes as strategies and tensions. are constructed as consequences.

The results showed that the violent crimes of marginalized people are a strategy they choose to meet their life needs against the challenging and unchanging environment; Finally, the research theory showed that this strategy derived from diverse environmental challenges of marginalized areas has led to "individual tensions for perpetrators and social tensions for ordinary people" in social life.

The issue of crime scene management is the most basic basis for filing cases. In this regard, the efficient implementation of knowledge management and its practical application in crime scene investigation is an important step in the study of this process, so the purpose of this research is to recognize the position of knowledge management as a powerful tool that includes a set of information, principles and experiences, for It is a crime scene.

In terms of nature, the research is of applied research type and in terms of method, it is descriptive-survey. The statistical population includes employees and experts in the fields of knowledge management and crime scene investigation agents, and the sample size of 57 people has been selected purposefully. And the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, its validity was confirmed through interviews with experts and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.863). The method of data analysis is done using the matrix of knowledge management components.

The ability to apply, the ability to combine and produce knowledge, especially indigenous knowledge, is important in crime scene management, so detectives and crime scene investigation experts acquire tacit knowledge from holding workshops, roundtables and scientific meetings, forming focal groups, banks Information, service experiences, ideas, innovation and suggestions, research projects, conferences, think tanks, etc. can act towards the optimal management of the crime scene, and as a result of its continuity, the necessary productivity in the crime scene investigation process is achieved.

Cyber fraud is one of the most important crimes against property and ownership. Despite its many advantages, this space is a suitable platform for committing some crimes such as fraud due to its special features. The main purpose of this article is to explain the challenges of the police in detecting cyber fraud.

In terms of purpose, This research is practical and in terms of implementation method, it is a mixed type of research. The community participating in the research included experts in the field of computer crime investigation, the police, the judicial system, and other related systems. The qualitative statistical sample of 18 people was selected by purposive sampling method based on theoretical saturation and quantitative statistical sample due to the limited number of experts. The tool for collecting information in the present research is an interview in the qualitative part, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the opinions of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach's alpha test of 86%. Quantitative phase data were analyzed using independent t-test using SPSS software.

FATA police is facing 50 challenges on three levels, the most important of which are: external organizational challenge (weakness of laws and regulations, development of cyber space without regard to its security, access to filter breakers), internal organizational challenge (hiding identity, complexities of cyber crime detection, Weak knowledge of users and lack of timely reporting to the police) and international challenges (weak laws and regulations, lack of facilities and infrastructure, growth of unauthorized and unregulated businesses).

The conclusion of this research have increased the knowledge and awareness of those in charge and can prevent the violation of the rights of those who have lost property, increase the authority of the judicial system and the police, and reduce financial crimes in the cyber space.

Societies have always been trying to analyze delinquency with the aim of reducing the crime rate in society. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of self-talk management training based on criminal thoughts in the attitude towards delinquency and negative spontaneous thoughts of prisoners.

The present study was a semi-test with pre-test-post-test and certificate group. The statistical population consisted of all male prisoners of Ardakan prison, which, using available sampling method, selected 30 people as a sample and was randomly replaced in two groups (experiments and witnesses). Both groups responded to attitude questionnaires (2010) and Hollan and Kendall (1980). The reliability of an attitude to delinquency for positive attitudes to delinquency behaviors of 0.71 and for negative attitudes to 0.77 delinquency behaviors has been reported and its content validity has been reviewed and confirmed. Alpha Cronbach's alpha Questionnaire is 0.97 and its validity has also been confirmed. Criminal thought management tutorials were taught to the members of the group at 8 sessions. But the certificate group did not receive any intervention during this period. In the end, the data were analyzed by the multiplicity of covariance analysis.

The Quurians Analysis Test showed that after receiving self -management -based self -management training, experimental group participants' scores in the post -test phase, decrease in positive attitudes to delinquency and negative thoughts and in negative attitudes toward delinquency have increased significantly Was. Whereas in the testimony group there was no significant change in the post -test phase compared to the pre -test phase. In other words, the values of F showed that self -management training based on criminal thoughts on reducing positive attitudes to delinquency (F = 51/18) and negative self -thoughts (F = 39/70) and increased negative attitudes to delinquency (92/ 38 = f) and the research hypotheses were confirmed (P <0.05).

self-talk management training can be used as one of the effective interventions to reduce crime rates in prisoners. Also, if the content of the teachings provided to prisoners is considered a criminal -based self -management, it can be expected that the prisoners' willingness to be reduced and one of the goals of the Prisons Organization, which is the reform of the prisoners, will be achieved.

The technologies as the inevitable reality of today's world are expanding phenomena that form the leaven of progress of individuals, organizations and societies. These innovations, along with the numerous merits they have had in the process of civilization and socialization of mankind throughout history, also create destructive and disruptive effects in various fields, including the field of social security, by creating an environment for people to be victims and criminals. On the other hand, most of the researches have analyzed and investigated the destructive technical-industrial effects of technology and have paid less attention to the destructive and disruptive effects of technologies at the organizational level, especially the moral and value systems in the epistemic paradigm that endanger social security.

The method used in organizing and conducting research in this research is "analytical-descriptive" and an attempt is made to explain and accurately describe the discussed phenomena by using logical and scientific principles and relying on the data of reliable scientific authorities.

The findings indicate that the deep disruptions of technologies in the current era are aimed at disruptions at various technical, organizational and paradigmatic-cognitive levels, which will leave fundamental destructive effects on social security, especially in the value-moral field.

According to the new classification presented in this research, which is in line with the complexities of the present age, and paying attention to the results of the paradigmatic disruptions of technologies, it is suggested to use the "prior" approach in a future research process in different areas of decision-making. Legally and criminologically, these works should be identified and, in a preventive measure, its destructive consequences in the field of social security should be prevented.