نشریه گفتمان طراحی شهری
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 8، زمستان 1400)

Bazaars are considered one of the most important spaces that can be a source of emotional arousal by stimulating the audience's senses and can be effective in the formation of the sense of belonging to a place as the identity center of the cities. In this regard, the historical Bazaar of Tehran with its unique features has great importance. It has long been a dynamic and lively center with spatial qualities and has almost met the needs and different senses of people.

This article aims to identify the features that examine the existence of identity and sense of place in the Tehran Bazaar.

This article analyzes the initial passive observations through behavioral mapping in the first step. The second step measures the dependence of variables through interviewing on a 7-point Likert scale.

The visual landscape played the greatest role in the perception of the environment and along with the tactility landscape, it is almost constant during the day. On the other hand, acoustic and chemical landscapes are two effective stimuli in the sensory richness of the environment that have more changes during the day than other environmental stimuli. Also, the existence of historical buildings, despite the interest of individuals, does not per se strengthen the sense of place and paying attention to the components of spatial identity and the impact of each sense of place in the bazaar improves market quality and leads to continuity of life and permanence of this valuable architectural heritage.

The purpose of this article is to explain the place of the human in urban design and the dimensions and qualities of human-oriented urban design and its evaluation in the area of ​​Tajrish Square in Tehran.

This research is a quantitative and qualitative approach and descriptive and analytical research methods and field research that has been done in theoretical and field sections, using documentary and library study methods, distribution of questionnaires and its statistical and qualitative analysis and field perceptions.

Urban design is a science, art, and profession that is the subject of organizing the environmental qualities of urban and public areas. This field can have different tendencies and approaches in technical, political, managerial, scientific, and social dimensions. The place of man in each of the urban design approaches can be varied depending on the principles of that approach. The modernist approach to man, the city, and urban design reduced man's place to a technical and universal phenomenon, regardless of social, cultural, or indigenous contexts.

The results of this study indicate that humanistic urban design is the study and design of public and public arenas in order to enhance environmental qualities as a vehicle to help human beings flourish and its qualities for application in the program. Urban planning and design are: identity and legibility, environmental sustainability, social, cultural, and economic sustainability, safety and security, efficiency and diversity, pedestrianism and ease of access, cohesion and integration, proportions and human scale, freedom, Flexibility, vitality, attractiveness and sensory richness, justice. In the case study, Tehran Tajrish Center, with valuable natural, historical, social, and cultural contexts, has several issues and problems, especially in the field of space and traffic. Analysis of this area, with the mentioned SWOT technique and qualities, can lead to the creation of urban spaces and a humane environment.

This study aimed to identify and rank the affective components of improving the quality of the urban landscape and sustainable design in the city of Pardis.

This research is based on descriptive and analytical research methods, citing internal and external library resources, and distribution of questionnaires, and also has a quantitative and qualitative approach. The statistical population of the study was urban landscape and urban design experts in the city of Pardis. Processing the collected data from descriptive statistics and ranking of components with the help of 5 Likert spectra in EXCEL software and using fuzzy TOPSIS has been done.

Due to the importance of improving the quality of the clean urban landscape, the ranking of components with the help of the 5 Likert scale showed that the criteria: functional-service, environmental, semantic-perceptual, physical-structural, cultural-social, aesthetic, economics Urban, and urban environment with a similarity index of 0.577, 0.567, 0.55, 0.509, 0.503, 0.489, 0.33 and 0.31, respectively, the most important to the least important criteria in the amount Improve the quality level of the landscape.

The results of the study according to the experts in the questionnaire showed that based on the similarity index of ranking the components of landscape quality improvement based on sustainable design in the city of Pardis is very important, so the distance to the ideal is significant and for Achieving the desired quality, the need for attention and coherent use of factors in the urban environment can be considered.

This research deals with the delicacies and complexities of recreating the historical cemeteries of cities. In this regard, it tries to know the obvious, hidden dimensions, layers and components in the deep levels of perception by reviewing lived experiences.

This research is qualitative and has a phenomenological approach. In this way, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in Kusenbach's innovative method and in five axes, and also supplementary questionnaires were distributed to record, receive and analyze the meanings of the lived experiences of the landscape visitors.

The lived experiences of historical landscape cemeteries were studied in five axes: "Reference, ideal image, activity, improvement and mental dimensions" and showed that historical cemeteries have multidimensional qualities and a great variety, multiplicity and complexity in the perceptual layers.

If the role of the cemetery is reduced to the necessary urban infrastructure and becomes only a place for burying the bodies, then the connection between the world of the living and the dead is cut off, and turning it into a landfill for urban waste outside the city. Because of having valuable structures and elements, originality and hidden values that show the interaction of culture and nature over time, and these values preserve the identity and collective memories and historical memory of society, the protection of the historical landscape is very sensitive. Therefore, it is impossible to re-read these features in the re-creation of the cemetery without analyzing the deep perceptual layers hidden in the soul of this place.

Mosques are one of the essential elements of Iranian and Islamic cities that interact with the urban environment. The entrance is the first space in the mosque that the audience encounters. According to the spiritual concepts, this space provides the audience with the necessary preparation to enter the hierarchy. Light hierarchy is one of the hierarchical factors that effectively understand space and evoke emotions. Light is a supernatural element that can change a person's feelings in space. Therefore, the present study quantitatively compares and contrasts lighting components in the entrance space of four-aisled mosques.

In the theoretical section, the research variables have been explained by studying scientific sources. Then, by simulating mosques, the light indicators at the entrance of mosques in the Climate Studio plugin are analyzed.

Considering the results of simulation data analysis, the relationship between the entrance and the inner courtyard of the mosque, entrance decorations, materials, and lattice opening are factors determining the light hierarchy in mosque entrance spaces.

The two parts of separation from the urban space and connection to the courtyard space have the highest light intensity and the changes in light intensity along the route are according to the location of the mosque and the characteristics of the human eye.

In fact, urban streets as the most important part of the urban landscape structure, reflect the values ​​and socio-cultural relations of citizens and can well facilitate or influence the possibility of living in the city and social interactions. Therefore, moving towards vibrant urban spaces is even more necessary in cities, despite the dynamic and human-centered public spaces that provide the ground for the active presence of human beings in the environment.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of humanistic urban landscape in the vitality of Tabriz city streets from the perspective of citizens.

The research is descriptive-analytical with an applied purpose. Snowball method was used to determine the sample size. SPSS software and ANP method were used to analyze the data.

The results obtained from the final analysis of selected research spaces based on humanistic landscape components and quality of life show that the range of Shariati to Ghonga intersection with a normal weight of 0.498 is more consistent with the extracted qualities.

The final results of the weights showed that the highest average goes back to the criterion of biological urban elements and the views of the streets of Tabriz affect the perception of citizens and their interpretation and reading of the environment. Also, the results obtained from the final analysis of the selected spaces of the research based on the components of humanistic perspective and quality of vitality, are more in line with the extracted qualities.