نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دامپزشکی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

Cryptosporidium is small coccidian parasites wich invade and replicate within the epithelial cell lining the digestive, respiratory and conjunctival organs of vertebrates. Cryptosporidium is a intracellular and extracyto plasmic organism.it is been shown to be an important parasite cause of entrocolitis and selflimited diarrhea in numbers of domestic and pet animals with defect in their immunity system. In this survey we examing 112 fecal samples including referring dogs to veterinarian hospitals in alborz province by Ziehl-Neelsen stain technique.7 samples of this examined animals (3 samples of dogs under 1 year old, 2 samples of dogs between 1 and 2 years, 1 samples of dogs between 2 and 3 years, 1 samples of dogs between 3 and 4 years old) are positive with a view of shedding of oocyst. There was no significant statical relationship between infection rate and sex (P>0.05), but there was significant statical relationship between infection rate and age (P

There are more than two hundred horse breeds in the world that have different body structure, color and specific abilities depending on the geographical and weather conditions of their region. The Arabian horse, which history goes back about5 thousand years ago, has played a key role in the life history of human. Since the size of trunk region of breeds are different, biometric indices could be used to identify different breeds of horses. The present study was designed to determine the biometric indices of different trunk region were evaluated in 30 Iranian Arab horses. In this study 13 characteristics of different trunk regions were evaluated in 30 Iranian Arab horses. These horses were at least 3 years old and were selected from Kerman horse corrals. Then the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and confidence interval of the characteristics were calculated. The data were compared between male and female as well as between the age groups older and younger than 8 years old by independent t-test. The results of this study showed that the gluteal height and length of lateral aspects of pelvis had the lowest and highest coefficient of variation among the measured characteristics, respectively. In this research, the characteristics were compared in different age and sex groups. This comparison showed a significant difference in the gluteal height in two different sex and age groups and length of lateral aspects of pelvis in two different age.

The protozoan Neospora caninum is known worldwide as one of the most important causes of abortion storms in cattles, especially when dogs living in the cattle farms. Currently, the most consideration is on live attenuated vaccines. The main goal of this research is to evaluated live-attenuated Neuspora caninum (NC-a) strain as an effective vaccine to prevent oocyst shedding in dogs. Sixteen dogs were randomly divided into four equal groups including live attenuated strain without adjuvant, acute strains, live attenuated strain with Montanide adjuvant and control group. All the groups were immunized twice, two weeks apart. One month after the second injection, all dogs were challenged orally by acute NC-1 strain. Immune responses were assay by agglutination test and molecular test was used to assess oocyte shedding. The results showed that the immunized group with live attenuated strain with adjuvant produces the highest immune response. Molecular test also showed that the immune response in immunized dogs prevented oocyst shedding after challenge and the best result is in the group of dogs immunized by live attenuated strain with adjuvant. Overall, the results of this study showed that research on the live attenuated Neospora caninum vaccine with oily adjuvants in dogs is secure and effective in creating an immune response and controlling oocyte shedding. In conclusion, this experimental vaccine can be used as a promosing vaccine in towards researches to obtain a succesful vaccine to control neosprosis in dogs.

Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease that is caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. In Iran, flooding in some part of the country in 2019, caused more attention to disease distribution. Microscopic agglutination test is a gold standard for serological diagnosis of leptospirosis which is used in many reference laboratories.

During 2010 and 2020, a total of 4900 blood samples from cows, buffaloes, horses, sheep and camels were delivered to the Leptospira Research Laboratory for serological diagnosis. These samples came from different provinces of Iran for research purposes. The aim of this study was to determine the Current status of large animal Leptospirosis based on Leptospira Research Laboratory Findings in Iran using microscopic agglutination test.

All serum samples were tested using Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). The MAT method was conducted as described by WHO, 2003 with some modifications. Serum samples were tested by MAT using five live L. interrogans serotypes, Gripptyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Hardjo, Canicola, and Pomona. Three standard controls were included in the test; one positive standard serum, one negative standard serum. Ten μL of the appropriate antigen was added to 10 μL of each diluted serum sample on a microscope slide. The microscope slide was placed in a petri-dish with moist paper to avoid evaporation, and incubated at 29C for 90 minutes. The slide was examined under dark-field microscope (Olympus BX50), using a long working distance objective at x100 or x200 magnification. Agglutination was noted by observing clumps of leptospires. If more than 75% of the leptospira were agglutinated, the sample was considered positive at 1.100 dilution. Finally, the highest titre in which ≤75% agglutination was occurred was recorded as the final titre of antibody in the serum sample.

The results of this study showed that the rate of seropositive in buffaloes 44%, cows 1.2-33.5%, horses of Guilan 31.6%, sheep 8.3-15% and in camels it was 2%. However. The highest rate of infection was in northern part of Iran, whereas the lowest rate of infection was seen in dried area. It was also noted that the rate of infection during the Covid-19 pandemic seems to be reduced in compare to the year before.

The results of this study showed that there is a close coloration between climate change, farm hygienic score the rate of seropositive cases. It seems that the emphasis on compliance with health protocols and disinfection by health authorities during the Covid-19 pandemic, has some effects on reducing the rate of infectious diseases as we have seen in current study. However, further epidemiological studies are needed to prove this theory.

Transition period begins from 3 weeks before and proceeds until 3 weeks after parturition, and dairy cows suffer from negative energy balance in this period. Metabolic syndrome generally occurs during transition period in dairy cows and it is related to several physiologic and pathologic processes. Insulin resistance is one of the consequences of this condition that characterized by a decrease in the entry of glucose into the cell. Researchers have suggested various approaches to resolve insulin resistance such as using dietary and parenteral supplements; and the present paper discusses about some of them.