فصلنامه راهبرد اجتماعی فرهنگی
پیاپی 41 (زمستان 1400)

The issue of women's playing their appropriate role in society has been one of the most challenging issues in different societies. In Iranian society, too, extremist and traditional attitudes and views on this issue have created some problems. Accordingly, this study aims to identify and outline Ayatollah Khamenei's views on the social role of women, which pave the way for Iranian women to play their social role. In fact, this study seeks to answer this question: What is women’s social role in the statement of the Second Phase of the Revolution with an emphasis on Ayatollah Khamenei’s statements? To answer this question, the statement of the Second Phase of the Revolution and his statements from 1990 to 2021 were examined through qualitative content analysis method. Then, 5 categories regarding women’s social roles— their role in science and research, in moral and social education, in employment, in political activities, and etc. — were extracted and the conclusions were separately presented in each section. The findings showed that he encourages women to acquire knowledge and struggle skills and even consider educated and self-sacrificing women as the pride of the Islamic society. Regarding women’s role in social education, Ayattollah Khamenei not only admires this role, but he also considers it as the highest role of women. However, he accepts women's employment and their political activities as long as they are compatible with women's nature and do not harm their family role. Finally, his strategy is to combine family and social roles, which requires developing an Islamic-Iranian lifestyle modeled on  Hazrat Zahra’s (AS).

Women’s employment, its possibility or subordination, has been a serious and questionable issue for women within the discourse of the revolution as well as for its external critics after the victory of the Islamic Revolution. This paper, with a central focus on   Ayatollah Khamenei's books, positions, and speeches, aims at enumerating the discourse nuclei for permissibility or impermissibility of women’s employment  as well as its perceived limits. As far as women’s employment is concerned, Islamic Revolution discourse from Ayatollah Khamenei's standpoint, specifically its framework, is in some ways in line with modern discourse; however, it is in some other ways different from or even in some aspects in sharp contrast with the latter. Accordingly, Islamic revolution discourse paves the way for a quite different life style. This study— theoretically on the basis of Ayatollah Khamenei's third model of womanhood and methodologically using the discourse analysis approach of Laclau and Moff (2001) and library data collection — introduces the relevant discourse nuclei .The results indicate that in Ayatollah Khamenei's view, women's employment and social action are not only irreprehensible but also necessary for the development of the Islamic society. Five major reidentified nuclei in this regard  show his concern for the simultaneous development of women at the individual, family, and social levels. These discourse nuclei are as follows: employment as an example of human rights, agreement as well as the need for women's employment without any harm to their health and dignity, maintaining the proper spiritual status of women in employment including their chastity and dignity, balance of family roles including spousehood, motherhood, child -rearing, their social imaginary , and finally  avoiding any kind of mixing and masculinity in women's employment.The enumerated discourse reflects the lack of the originality of the modern logic and its being merely individualistic and believing in gender equality, i.e., absolute similarity of men and women in the field of employment, which form the basis of feminist and Western views.

Professional sports are among the areas in which the presence of men is dominant. This paper aims at examining the social factors affecting the gender inequalities in professional sports in Iran. The method of this study is applied in terms of purpose, quantitative in terms of nature, and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population was all members of the women's national team who were selected through purposive-snowball sampling method.The data collected through a research-made questionnaire were analyzed through Lisrel statistical software. The findings show that the process of socialization and the stabilization of gender stereotypes lead to feelings of gender inequality. One of the first issues related to the understanding of inequality with sports is the lack of media and paying little attention to the women athletes. From professional sports standpoint, they have been defined on the basis of the perspective of masculinity and patriarchy, and the type of win-lose game in sports fields is derived from the gender discriminatory demands that seek more strength, heroism, and win-lose. However, athletes and coaches who want to strengthen the sports identity and achieve higher status should reinforce their views on gender identity and its attributes in women and men athletes.

"Islamization of knowledge", "Islamization of sciences", "Islamic university" or "Islamic humanities", along with a concept such as "religious science", are among the concepts that are mainly under the generic idea of overcoming the narrow structure of empiricist interpretation and Positivism. An idea which is formed from science in connection with religion and the sacred. This demand has had and still has defenders not only in Iran but also in some other countries before. The special experience of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, as well as the experience of the Cultural Revolution in 1980, made it possible to speak of a kind of experience desired by religious science and the Islamic University. This paper seeks to provide a concise and historical description of the fate of the trends and institutional approaches of religious science and the Islamic University in Iran. This paper shows that not only the need of the Islamic University or religious science is not a new need in the recent period of the Islamic Revolution, but also the basis of such an idea has been proposed in the Islamic world for a long time and even before the Islamic Revolution by some scholars and has been followed.

Today, smuggling of goods and currency is one of the main problems in the country, which has created a great obstacle to the prosperity of national production. In the present study, the strategies of religious culture affecting the prosperity of national production and the prevention of smuggling of goods and currency have been discussed. The purpose of this study is to present the strategies of religious culture for the realization of a resistance economy and the prosperity of national production to prevent the smuggling of goods and currency. The type of research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population, in the qualitative and quantitative stage, the experts of the organizations involved in the issue of smuggling of goods and currency and the experts of the companies involved in the discussion of export and import of goods have been selected. The sampling method is simple in the qualitative stage and in the quantitative stage at random. Data collection tools were a researcher-made questionnaire based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Data were analyzed based on SWOT method. Finally, it was concluded that in order to boost national production and achieve a resilient economy to prevent the smuggling of goods and currency, a series of defensive, competitive, aggressive and strengthening strategies of religious culture have been proposed

Paying attention to anticipating the social issues before they occur is an active action aimed at preventing the social harms. In a society like Iran, with an Islamic cultural context, the lack of an Islamic futurological framework for the identification of the social harms is a terrible absence of approach. Therefore, this paper aims to present an Islamic futurological framework for the identification of social harms.This paper, using futurological methods, imaging the future, and qualifying the results of the future trends and uncertainties, is based on a qualitative approach. The descriptive data have been collected through libraries and interviews. The data show that in order to identify the factors that cause the social harms to form, the lower layers of the social realities have to be searched for the semantic, social, political, and cultural structures. The results show that any kind of the examination, findings, and evaluation of the future issues of the Islamic society of Iran and its consequences and social harms for formulating the strategies mechanisms to face and manage these issues are at the heart of the Islamic futurological activities. Therefore, managing social harms requires the adoption of a futurological approach in an Islamic framework based on the system of planning, which has been systematically designed in the present study.

In recent years, due to a significant increase in the population of the elderly and remarkable changes in collective and individual life, the phenomenon of aging has become a social issue. The culture of living of the elderly as an important group of the society includes all aspects of the internal and external (subjective-objective) realities of their lives. This study aims at providing some practical strategies for changing, modifying, and improving the existing life condition of the elderly through examining the theoretical (subjective) structures and practical (objective) situations. The research method adopted here is a combined and convergent (simultaneous) angle design that includes two equally important qualitative and quantitative methods and the data with two theoretical perspectives of positive, interpretive, and analytical have helped to understand the practical life environment of the elderly and the influential factors affecting it. Rethinking study (meta-analysis) of the qualitative part at three levels of concepts, theories, methods, data and findings due to the necessity of examining the differences and contradictions in the findings of the research in the fields of psychology, sociology, etc. has been carried out so that more complete and comprehensive results can be achieved. Also, in the quantitative part, through testing the hypotheses with spss23 software, the relationship between the variables and the underlying factors and the effect of the variables on the living culture of the elderly hosted in Shahriyar nursing home have been analyzed and described. According to the interpretation of the results obtained through comparing and contrasting the quantitative and qualitative findings and combining them, variables of social participation (non-institutional) and social and family relations and underlying factors (marital status, employment status and education) with an important health factor and its dimensions (physical, psychological and social) have affected the culture of living of the elderly and have yielded the same results.