پژوهشنامه مددکاری اجتماعی
پیاپی 27 (بهار 1400)

The nature of science is intertwined with research and the research is based on the problem. Problem is the basic pillar of science and in this field of knowledge, problem finding is the most important activity. These propositions are the assumptions on which the present article is based. This article is a discussion of theoretical considerations and therefore, it lacks empirical evidence and observations derived from it. In this research, an attempt has been made to study the status of the problem in social science research and the knowledge requirements of problem finding based on the teaching of philosophy of science. Hence, the nature of the problem and its importance have been considered in social research. That problems are the beginning and the end of the search for scientific truth, and in the cognitive realm, problem finding takes precedence over problem solving. On the other hand, the extent and complexity of social problems and the context of their occurrence, their historical nature and the instability of cognition and its reasons have been discussed. In the following, some of the cognitive considerations and necessities of doing social research have been introduced in a reasoned manner, which are necessary to move in the direction of living and dynamic knowledge. Among these considerations, epistemological, ontological and methodological assumptions have a special status, because they determine the logic and position of the researcher towards the research reasoning system.

Hope for the future in recent social science studies indicates a positive assessment of the improvement of economic and social conditions. Evaluation of one's future is greatly influenced by evaluation of past trends and the current state of society. In fact, respondents' assessment of the future is a kind of critique of the current and past situation and policies; A kind of reflection evaluation and critique of the continuity and stickiness of current policies. This perception is reminiscent of the historical nature of the issue of hope. In this paper, society’s assessment of the future is reviewed based on data from the National Social Health Survey. In this survey, which was conducted in 2018, the respondents' assessment of the future situation was sought in eight economic and social areas: welfare status, happiness, moral and religious values, economic status, status of empathy, housing status, health status, and employment status. One question is asked about each of these, and the three options "gets better", "does not change", and "gets worse" are presented to the respondents. Putting the data of this survey with the two surveys of Iranians 'values and attitudes and social capital over time shows the declining trend of Iranians' hopeful assessment of the future. Using the data in the analytical and statistical reports of related areas such as poverty, unemployment, regional inequalities and the status of the provinces, etc., the relationship between the survey data and the actual situation of the society is explained.

The family is the main factor of socialization in any society. As children get older, the role of peers becomes more prominent, and along with these two important factors, the media and religious actors provide the ground for socialization. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of socialization factors and the tendency to risky behaviors among Kashani citizens based on the approach of social learning theory. The research method used in the present study was a survey and the statistical sample of the study was 552 citizens of Kashan based on the Cochran's formula and selected as the final sample by possible sampling method commensurate with the volume.The reliability of the questionnaire was based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its validity was based on the opinions of academic experts. Pearson correlation test and paired t-test were used to perform inferential analysis and measure the relationship between independent and dependent variables using SPSS 25 software. The findings of the study indicate that the tendency of citizens to high-risk behaviors was moderate and boys were more inclined to high-risk behaviors than girls. Also, the test results of hypotheses between socialization factors including family factor, peer relationship and media vulnerability with high-risk behaviors were significant and positive, and age and religiosity variables had a significant and inverse relationship, and finally socio-economic status variable with high-risk behaviors. It has nothing to do with it, the independent variables explained a total of 33% of the changes in the variable of risky behaviors.

This study aimed to identify the experiences and challenges of a person with a mental disorder. This research was carried out using a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The statistical population of this study was the families of Omid Farda rehabilitation center in Tehran. Twenty of the family were selected as sample size purposefully. The information was obtained using a semi-structured interview and then prepared in writing and analyzed through the thematic method. The result of this analysis consists of six major issues were: "lack of awareness", "problems of treatment", "problem of communication "," deprive of quietness and mental health of the family and social and legal problems", disruption of family function". The results show that families with a mental illness, experience bitter and bad problems. Because of being in such circumstances, they experience isolation, social exclusion, and stigma that this social exclusion leads to disruption of family function.

The purpose of this research is to study the attitude towards the child phenomenon in the current world. In today's world, we are witnessing change and transformation in all aspects of individual, family and social life. Changes that are inevitable and necessary for the world that surrounds us. Hence, many pre-existing gender roles and sources of identity have lost their priority for modern man and provided him with newer possibilities for self-presentation and a sense of worth. The couple's attitude towards the child, as much as it is an individual or marital decision and choice, can be a result of the change of the couple's identity in the new era, which in both cases (Wanting or not wanting child) will have different consequences on the couple of the last decade than the couples of previous generations. The method of this theory is data foundation. The data required for this study are the result of a semi-structured interview with 18 young couples. The method of selecting participants is purposeful and accessible and their number is determined by reaching the saturation stage. Based on the results of the research, the two central phenomena of "unilateral unstable agreement" and "priority of navigation to adherence" were selected as the central phenomena and the selective phenomenon of "identity fluidity" was selected as the main paradigm. One of the causes of this phenomenon is rethinking identity and self-awareness is a process that results in the social acceptance of childlessness in society.

Despite the importance of the role of occupational social work, this important issue in Iran is not defined professionally. the present study aims to improve the level of knowledge of the occupational social work interventions and is an attempt to enrich the specialized literature of this profession.

This research has been done by review literature method. To search for the keywords employee assistance program, industrial social work, occupational social work intervention, without time limit, until 2021 in different databases were used. 4 books and 19 articles were selected for further review and analysis.

Occupational social work interventions are performed at four levels: micro, meso, macro and exo based on the theory of ecological systems. At the micro level, addressing individual issues and problems, at the meso level, paying attention to individuals in different groups, and at the macro level, policies and planning for the organization and society and at the external level, the pathology of the work environment are important.

Welfare in any country depends on relying on skilled and efficient employees to benefit more and better from the capital, resources and facilities of society. Thus, the necessity and professional importance of occupational social work arise. On the other hand, the complexity of individual relationships in organizations and societies, human beings need an expert in this field to increase their adaptation in the work environment, occupational social work in both prevention and treatment addresses this need.