فصلنامه آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 60، زمستان 1400)

Exposure to nicotine and cigarette smoke has dangerous effects on pregnant women, fetal and neonatal health, and fertility rates. Aloe vera is one of the few medicinal plants that has maintained its popularity for a long time due to its many medicinal properties. Therefore, in the present study, the protective effect of aloe vera gel on ovarian histological changes in nicotine-receiving rats was investigated. For this purpose, 32 female Wistar rats into 4 control groups (normal diet), nicotine (6 weeks nicotine at 0.2 mg / kg body weight of animals injected intra peritoneal), nicotine-aloe vera (6 weeks nicotine injection + gel) Aloe vera plant (400 mg / kg body weight of animals orally), Aloe vera group (6 weeks aloe vera gel by the above method and amount) were divided. At the end of the course, the mice were facilitated and the ovaries were transferred to a histological laboratory to prepare a tissue slide and perform hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results showed that after nicotine treatment, weight loss, ovarian weight, number of healthy and active follicles, new corpus luteum and increase in the number of atretic follicles were observed. But the use of aloe vera gel was able to improve all the microscopic complications and disorders and macroscopic changes caused by nicotine injection. Therefore, oral consumption of aloe vera gel can reduce or inhibit the harmful effects of nicotine in tobacco or drugs on the ovaries and fertility in women.

Tafluprost is an analogue of PGF2α that reduce the IOP by prostoglandian receptors and increase ocular fluid outflow. The aim of this study was evaluatation of tafluprost effect on IOP in normal horse eye.

fourteen healthy adult female cross-breed (Turkmen-Thoroughbred) horses were used in this study( 3.5 - 10 years old). The horses were randomly devided into two groups. In group A, seven horses received one drop of 0.0015% preservative-free tafluprost (Zioptan®, Akron, Oak pharmaceutical Inc, France) in right eye. In group B, seven horses received one drop of sterile eye drop as placebo(Tearlose®, Sina Darou Laboratories Company, Tehran, Iran) in right eye. IOP and PD was measured by respectively rebound tonometer ( TonoVet®, Finland) and Caliper device ( China) at the baseline , 30 , 60 , 120 ,240 min, 24 and 48 h post instillation.

Tafluprost has significant IOP reduction at 30, 60, 120, 240 min, 24 and 48 h after drug administration in treated group. Descriptive statistics revealed that mean IOP decrease in treated eyes from 22±5.4 mmHg to 16.6±1.6 mmHg during 48 hours. Also, the mean PD in treated group at 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes was significantly lower than the baseline time. there is a significant relationship between drug administration and time (P = 0.0001).

Descriptive statistics revealed that mean PD decrease in treated eyes during 48 hours post instillation from 17.9±2.3 mm to 18.2±3.3 mm.

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and hematological features of Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) among horses in Khuzestan. The study was performed on 257 Arabian horses kept in 6 cities of this province (including Shushtar, Bavi, Ahvaz, Susangard, Abadan, and Ramhormoz). The horses were examined for the presence or absence and location of skin lesions, along with the individual animal information, which was recorded. Blood sampling was done in some animals (32 healthy horses and 61 affected horses), the blood samples were evaluated for hematologic appearance. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results showed that the main lesions visible in infected animals were hair loss (with a frequency of 93.1%) and the lowest was scarring (1.4%). The location of skin lesions was reported to be mainly in the head and neck area (85.6%). Also, in the majority of the infected horses (37.5%), there were skin lesions in all parts of the body (including head and neck, trunk, and limbs). The distribution of the skin lesions observed in different areas of the body of the studied animals was almost similar, and so all three sites of alopecia demonstrated the highest frequency and the lowest frequency of scars. The analysis of hematological findings indicated that only the difference between the number of basophils and MCV and MCH values of healthy and IBH affected animals was found to be significant(P <0.05). The results of this study showed that the affected animals were marked by skin lesions diversity, frequency and distribution

Equine influenza is an acute, infectious, and highly contagious respiratory disease that is worldwide. This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of influenza A virus infection in horses of Mahabad city by competitive ELISA methods. In this study, 200 serum samples were collected from horses in Beytas, Hamzeh abad, Lekben, Kovtar and Dehboker villages located in Mahabad city and then examined by competitive ELISA method. The prevalence of antibodies against the influenza A virus in the study population was 6% )with 95% confidence interval: 2.16-8.7%(. Chi-square test showed no statistically significant relationship between the frequency of positive serum cases of influenza A and the sex of horses )P = 0.354> 0.05(. Horse breeds in the study population included Kurdish, Pony, Working and Arabian horses with 7.6%, 0%, 7.7% and 3.2% positive serum frequency, respectively. Data analysis showed There is no significant difference between the frequency of positive serum cases of influenza A virus and the studied breeds )P = 0.402> 0.05(. This study showed that the serum prevalence of influenza A in the study population is very low. This study is also the first report on the exposure of horses in Mahabad city to the Influenza A virus.

This study was done to investigate the changes relation between the Fractional shortening obtained from echocardiographic findings following experimental hypertension induced in rats. Arterial hypertension is one of the most important diseases in human societies today. This disease affects the functional process of the heart. For this purpose, In the present study, The Fractional shortening following experimental hypertension in the heart of the studied rats was investigated. For this study 30 male Wistar rats were used. Echocardiography with physical restraint was performed on all studied rats and Fractional shortening was determined according to its formula. The animals under study were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group was selected without surgery and the second group were induced hypertension and in the third group with operated control. The animals in the operated groups underwent abdominal surgery on the first day. To induce arterial hypertension, abdominal aortic stenosis was created above the renal arteries in the relevant group. Standard echocardiography was performed on days 7, 14 and 21. Then Fractional shortening was calculated. In this study, the mean of Fractional shortening in the hypertensive surgical group in day 14 was 40.42 ±0.18 Which showed the highest increase and it showed a significant difference on the same day in comparing whit control group (33.30 ± 0.15) and only surgery group (34.26 ± 0.21))p˂0.05). The present study showed that an increase in Fractional shortening index was observed following experimental arterial hypertension in rats.

Tuberculosis is one of the oldest infectious zoonotic diseases. The importance of avian tuberculosis and the growing risk of the disease in human societies have provided a double incentive for rapid diagnosis of the disease. Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium is the most important cause of disease in poultry. Sampling for the present research was done during 2018-2019. Based on clinical signs and poor physical condition, 101 pigeons suspected of having tuberculosis were selected from different herds. First, blood samples were taken from pigeons for serum preparation. Then pigeons were euthanized and necropsy was performed and tissue samples were taken for culture and molecular tests. The samples were cultured in three specific media: Lunstein-Johnson with glycerin, Lunstein-Johnson with pyruvate and Heroldegg. Molecular analysis of samples was conducted using 16S rRNA, IS1245, and IS901 primers. Serum samples were analyzed for antibodies against Mycobacterium avium using a specifically designed ELISA system. Based on culture and molecular identification, 39 isolates from Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium were isolated. Contamination of 13 pigeons with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium was detected using the specifically designed ELISA system. According to the results, the sensitivity of the culture and PCR methods was higher than the specifically designed ELISA system. However, due to the significant relationship between these three methods, it seems that the ELISA system can be used to screen flocks in the early stages of the disease.

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most important cardiac arrhythmias in athletic horses, which can be caused by cardiac valve insufficiency. This study reports the incidence of atrial fibrillation with mitral regurgitation in a Mix-breed athletic horse that showed cardiac murmur, poor performance and exercise intolerance. In a 5-year-old Mix-breed mare clinical examination, electrocardiography, hematological and biochemical serum tests, and echocardiography were performed to identify the causes of cardiac murmur and poor performance. In auscultation, an irregular-irregularity heart rhythm and the 4/6-degree holosystolic murmur with a maximum intensity point in the mitral valve region with trill, were heard. Then, the atrial fibrillation was recorded in base-apex lead electrocardiography. Increased levels of fibrinogen and white blood cells were detected in the hematological tests. Echocardiography showed flail leaflet of mitral valve, left ventricular dilatation, and moderate mitral regurgitation. The fractional shortening (FS) values were decreased that indicating a decrease in myocardial function. In mitral regurgitation, left atrium enlargement is part of the pathophysiological changes to compensate for the cardiac overload, but it will also be a sign of future heart disorders such as atrial fibrillation and even sudden death. Eventually, atrial enlargement with mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation and decreased fraction shortening can lead to poor performance and even a negative effect on horse's life expectancy.