مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان
پیاپی 120 (زمستان 1400)

 Laboratory studies have shown that gastric epithelial infection cells with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can increase autophagy. Disruption in this process can cause various diseases, including cancer.

 This study aims to compare the serum level of Autophag -Related Gene 5 (ATG5) in individuals with and without H. pylori infection.

 This case-control pilot study was conducted in 2018 on 44 individuals aged 35-50 years referred to the endoscopy ward of Razi Hospital in Rasht, Iran. Their age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking, and symptoms were first recorded in a form. Based on Rapid Urease Test and pathology results, they included in two groups of patient (n=22) and healthy (n=22). Serum ATG5 levels were quantitatively assessed by an ELISA kit (EIAab, USA). 

 Most of participants (56.8%) were male, aged over 40 years (77.3%), a BMI < 25 kg/m2 (52.3%) and not smoking cigarettes (70.5%). The mean serum levels of ATG5 in individuals with and without H. pylori infections were 63.5 ± 15.4 and 57.1±18.9, respectively (P>0.05). The mean ATG5 level was higher in women than in men (P= 0.0047).

 Serum level of ATG5 is not significantly different between people with and without H. pylori infection. Further study is recommended using a larger sample size and based on a comparing gastrointestinal lesions.

 Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases with an increasing prevalence worldwide. On the other hand, the relationship between Uric Acid (UA) level and glycemic index in type 2 diabetic patients is not clear.

 This study aims to evaluate the UA level and glycemic status in patients with type 2 diabetes.

 In this cross-sectional study, participants were 230 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Razi Hospital and Besat clinic in Rasht, Iran in 2020. A researcher-made checklist were used to collect demographic and clinical information includes age, gender, disease duration, body mass index, fasting blood sugar (FBS), Cholesterol, Triglyceride (TG), high density Lipoprotein(HDL), low density Lipoprotein(LDL), Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) level, UA level, Creatinine (Cr) level, history of heart disease, blood pressure, and smoking. The data were analyzed in SPSS v.26 software.

 There was a significant relationship between UA level and levels of HbA1C (r=0.318, P<0.001), Cr (r=0.351, P<0.001) and TG (r=0.174, P=0.008). 
Conclusion In patients with type 2 diabetes, serum UA level has an adverse effect on glycemic status.

 Aging is one of the important factors in the development of age-related diseases. Acrylamide can be produced during carbohydrate-rich foods prepared at high temperatures. Recently, studies showed that acrylamide can induce cellular senescence. On the other hand, Rutin as a natural flavonoid, has a potent antioxidant activity.

 This study aims to evaluate the ptotective effect of Rutin on oxidative-induced cellular senescence induced by acrylamide.
Methods NIH3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells were used in this study, which treated by different concentrations of acrylamide and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2). Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the malondialdehyde and glutathion concentrations. To evaluate the senescence process, β-galactosidase activity was measured by enzyme staining and β-galactosidase activity assay kit. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the cell viability. 

 Exposure of cells to acrylamide and H2O2 significantly reduced the cell viability, and Rutin significantly improved cell viability in cells treated by acrylamide (P<0.05). Rutin also increased glutathion level in cells treated by acrylamide and H2O2 (P<0.05). The rate of lipid peroxidation was significantly lower in the group treated by rutin and H2O2 than in the H2O2 group (P<0.05).The β -galactosidase activity was increased in the H2O2 and acrylamide groups. The use of rutin with acrylamide significantly reduced the activity of β-galactosidase enzyme compared to the acrylamide group (P<0.05). 

 Oxidative stress may be an important mechanism in acrylamide-induced  senescence in NIH3T3 cells. On the other hand, Rutin, as a potent antioxidant, can reduce cellular senescence by inhibition of oxidative damage.

 Depression is a common illness, with approximately 280 million cases worldwide. 

 This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback on working memory and cognitive flexibility in patients with mild depression.

 This clinical trial was performed on 30 patients with mild depression in Rasht, Iran in 2022 who were purposefully selected and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Neurofeedback was applied on the intervention group and data collection tools were the Goldberg Depression Inventory, Dennis and Vander Wal’s Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire and Danman & Carpenter’s Working Memory Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance.

Neurofeedback therapy was effective in increasing working memory (P=0.038) and cognitive flexibility (P<0.001) in patients with mild depression.

 Neurofeedback system can change brain activity using a simple reward system. Therefore, neurofeedback therapy is recommended as a potential complementary therapy for patients with depression.

 Perfectionism has positive and negative aspects that can have different academic or individual consequences for college students.

 This study aims to investigate the perfectionism in general medicine interns and the role of demographic factors.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 general medicine interns of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2021 who were selected using a convenience sampling method and completed a demographic form and the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used in SPSS v.19 software for data analysis.

 The participation rate was 84.5% (n=169). The maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism mean scores were 62.4±12.2 and 45.1±5.6, respectively. Students aged <25 years had higher scores in subscale of concern over mistakes (P=0.002). Male students had higher scores in parental expectations (P=0.002) and personal standards (P=0.044). Married students scored higher in parental expectations (P=0.031) and parental criticism (P=0.002) and lower scores in personal standards (P=0.002). Students with a history of physical illness had higher scores in personal standards (P=0.006) and lower scores in organization (P=0.045). In married students, more maladaptive perfectionism and less adaptive perfectionism were reported (P=0.018).

 Maladaptive perfectionism of general medicine interns is at moderate level while their adaptive perfectionism is at high level. Young age, gender and marital status affect their perfectionism.

 An important group of patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals are patients who are referred by court letters which deprive the physician of authority to make a decision, leading to involuntary hospital admission. One of the medical principles is to pay attention to patients' rights. 

 This study aims to investigate the prevalence of involuntary hospital admission in patients referred by judicial authorities to a psychiatric hospital in Iran.

 This study was conducted on the medical records of 217 patients referred by judicial authorities to Shafa Psychiatric Hospital in Rasht, Iran in 2018. Their information such as demographic characteristics, referral reasons, criminal history, history of psychiatric disorders, history of hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital, diagnosis, and type of psychiatric disorder were extracted using a checklist. After collecting data, they were analyzed in IBM SPSS v.21 software

 Most of the patients were male (96.8%) and single (57.6%) living in urban areas (78.8%); 78.3% had a history of hospitalization, 82.5% had a history of mental illness; 94.9% had a diagnosed psychiatric disorder. The most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorder was schizophrenia (37.5%). The most common reasons for referral were dispatch and hospitalization (44.9%) and the need for treatment (29.6%). There was a significant relationship between the history of psychiatric disorder and criminal history, but the factors of age, education, and employment status had no significant relationship with the history of psychiatric disorders.

 With just one court letter, we cannot label a person as a mentally-ill patient. The high percentage of the final diagnosis of psychiatric disorders indicates a good agreement between judicial authorities and the medical centers in referring individuals which highlights the need for more communication between them for referring patients.

 In virgin girls pelvic tuberculosis is rare, and due to nonspecific symptoms and radiographic studies, there is a possibility of misdiagnosis, and mortality so strong clinical suspicion, especially in girls exposed to tuberculosis is important in diagnosing the disease. This study reports a case of pelvic tuberculosis in a 12-year-old virgin girl.

In this case study, patient was a 12-year-old virgin girl with disseminated pelvic tuberculosis and peritonitis. Rebound tenderness in the abdominal examination and a fever (a temperature of 38 °C) were reported. Age at menarche was 10 and she had no menstrual irregularities. The ultrasound showed an 8-cm cystic mass in the right ovary with some fluid in the pelvis.  

 In women who are at risk for tuberculosis, the possibility of pelvic tuberculosis should always be considered along with other diagnoses.