فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 64 (زمستان 1400)

Evidence shows that the major part of learners' problems is due to lack of attention to psychosocial competence, especially their social awareness. The purpose of the present study was determining the effect of social-emotional learning program on the social awareness of Farhangian University teacher trainees in East Azerbaijan. The present study is a quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population of the study included all male/female teacher trainees of East Azerbaijan Farhangian University in the academic year of 97-96. According to the research method, the sample was selected using available sampling. In this way, four classes (two girls 'and two boys' classes) were selected from among the classes of Farhangian University and randomly divided into two experimental groups And control groups. The experimental groups trained a comprehensive social-emotional learning program in 6 sessions (1.5 hours) and control groups did not receive interventional. to collect data on social awareness of the students, social-psychological efficiency questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using one-way covariance analysis. The results showed that comprehensive emotional-social learning program had a significant effect on the social awareness of the experimental group in female and male students, but there was no significant difference between the experimental groups. The results of the present study confirmed the effectiveness of social-emotional learning program training on the social awareness of teacher trainees.

The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of problem-based learning on East Azerbaijan Payame Noor University (PNU) students cognitive load (CL) and educational achievement in advanced accounting II classroom. The method is a semi empirical research with pretest-posttest comparison-group designs. The statistical population consists of PNU accounting bachelor students. Two samples selected and putted in test and control groups via targeted sampling so that each one of them had 12 people. Test group exposed to problem-based learning and control group were trained by lecture-based method and then CL scores was obtained via standard questionnaire and with semester end marks was examined by MANCOVA method. Findings show that MANCOVA test was statistically significant (F=7.895 & P=0.004) and thus there is difference between two groups and so on at the ANCOVA tests there was no significant difference between two groups in cognitive loading (F=2.308 & P=0.147). Other finding show that there is significant difference between two groups in educational achievement (F=16.450 & P=0.001). Since the averages of educational achievement in test group are more than control group it shows that the problem-based learning has effective role in students learning. Considering the improvement in professional competencies and lifelong learning that PBL contains and other curriculums lacking such elements, it’s necessary to get more attention on it at accounting curriculum.

Considering the destructive effects of the prevalence of infectious diseases such as Covid-19 and the resulting social crisis on physical and mental health, a leading study has been conducted to predict emotional distress based on defense styles and coping strategies in the coping of Covid-19 epidemic. The research method was descriptive-correlational and its statistical population included all people aged 15 to 50 living in Ardabil province in the second half of 1399. From this population, 403 people were purposefully selected and completed the Defense Styles Questionnaire(DSQ), the Covid-19 Epidemic Coping Styles Questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire(DASS). The obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results showed there was a negative relationship between the components of emotional distress (depression, anxiety and stress) with the developed defense style and effective coping strategies of Covid-19 and a positive relationship with the undeveloped defense style and ineffective coping strategies of Covid-19; But no significant relationship was found between the components of emotional distress and disturbed mental defense style. The regression results also showed that 30% of the variance of depression, 24% of the variance of anxiety and 27% of the variance of stress were explained by the predictor variables. Therefore, the findings of this study showed that defense styles and coping strategies are effective factors in the development of emotional distress when dealing with the Covid-19 epidemic. Using these results can help improve the quality of life and public health by reducing vulnerability to Covid-19.

When an oddball stimulus is presented within a stream of homogeneous stimuli, its duration tends to be overestimated. An experiment designed to investigate the effect of oddball serial position on subjective duration; An oddball stimulus was embedded in a series of standard stimuli and randomly positioned in each trial. 16 Musicians and 16 nonmusicians participated in the experiment voluntarily and through previous invitation. Participants asked to judge whether the oddball was shorter or longer than the standards. Then, the data of two groups were transformed to the point of subjective equality (PSE) and difference limen (DL) and were compared. The results indicated that for nonmusicians, the oddballs occurring in later positions in the stream of stimuli are perceived to be longer than oddballs occurring in earlier positions. In contrast with the results of nonmusicians, there was no oddball position effect with musician participants; their subjective duration remained constant. The present study indicated that the musicians have higher levels of temporal information processing and provided evidences regarding the strength of musician’s top-down signals.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of couples-based therapy based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive self-compassion on improving marital adjustment and sexual self-esteem of couples who were exposed to divorce in Ardebil. The research design was a pretest-posttest test with a control group. The statistical society of this study is all couples applying for divorce referring to divorce reduction centers of Ardabil city in 1397. The research sample consisted of 60 couples referring to divorce reduction center in Ardabil who were selected by random sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of control and control group. The research was conducted with Graham and Spenier marital adjustment questionnaire and sexual self-esteem (Zina et al.). Multivariate analysis of covariance analysis (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that acceptance and commitment (ACT) and cognitive self-compassion (CMT) couples had a significant effect on sexual compatibility and self-esteem (P <0.001). Therefore, due to the efficacy of cognitive-acceptance (ACT) and cognitive self-healing (CMT), these interventions can be used in family counseling and psychotherapy settings.

This study aimed at investigating the mediating role of spiritual well-being in the relationship between mental health and social and emotional well-beings in people living in the Tabriz Metropolis. The present study is a correlation study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all residents in Tabriz, out of whom 600 were selected through purposeful sampling and completed the General Health Questionnaire, Spiritual Well-being Scale, Social Well-being Scale, and Emotional Well-being of the Standard Mental Well-being Scale. The structural equation modeling was used to analyze the inferential statistics through LISREL. The results showed that the variables of emotional well-being, social well-being and spiritual well-being have a significant and positive effect on mental health of people in Tabriz. The values of path coefficients in the final model of the study indicated that emotional well-being, spiritual well-being, and social well-being could directly explain the changes in mental health variables as 38%, 62%, and 47%, respectively. On the other hand, it was revealed that emotional well-being (with coefficient of 0.44) indirectly had an effect through the moderator variable of spiritual well-being on the dependent variable of mental health. Moreover, the findings showed that social well-being had no significant effect on spiritual well-being. Finally, the findings indicated that emotional well-being and social well-being had the highest impact on the variable of mental health. Besides, spiritual well-being plays a moderating role in the relationship between emotional well-being and mental health.

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by a loge- pattern of, affect instability, unstable relationships, distorted sense of self, and impulsivity which cost a lot for the health system. The core feature of borderline personality disorder is emotion regulation difficulties and alexithymia is one of emotion regulation difficulties components. Depression and anxiety are variables that are related to borderline personality disorder and alexithymia, as well. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of depression and anxiety whit alexithymia and borderline personality disorder. The design and the method of study was descriptive correlation and structural equation modeling, respectively. The sample of 429 students of Shahid Beheshti and Science and Culture universities who were selected by convenience sampling from psychology, literature, law and electrical engineering faculties answered the Beck depression inventory-II, Beck anxiety inventory, personality assessment inventory- borderline feature, and alexithymia questionnaire. LISREL and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. Model fit indices (GFI= 0.94, CFI=0.97, RMSEA=0.06) indicate that the model fit well. The findings showed that depression and anxiety mediate alexithymia and borderline personality disorder relationship, in a way that depression and anxiety positively and directly and also alexithymia positively and indirectly could explain borderline personality disorder. The findings have practical implications for clinical psychologists and can be useful in the diagnosis and therapy of borderline personality disorder. Keywords: borderline personality disorder, alexithymia, depression, anxiety

The aim of this study was to compare mindfulness and emotional dysregulation between patients with GAD and healthy group. Research subjects included two groups that subjects of clinical group were patients (n=20) with GAD selected by purposive sampling methodfrom consecutive referees to psychiatric and psychological clinics of Tabriz. The control group (n=20) was selected among people who were accompanying the patients. All patients were asked to complete the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and discriminant analysis. Results showed that There was a significant difference between patients with GAD and  healthy group in emotion regulation subscales (P<0/01). Also there was a significant difference between both groups in mindfulness. (P<0/01). Besides, Discriminant analysis indicated that low mindfulness and emotion dysregulation could correctly classified cases either GAD or healthy group. Overall, mindfulness and emotional dysregulation as two transdiagnostic factors probably have a role in development of GAD.

Twenty patients with GAD were selected nonrandomly from consecutive referees to psychiatric and psychological clinics of Tabriz. The control group of 20 people was selected from patient’s accompanying. All patients were asked to complete the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ).

There is a significant difference (p < 0/01) between GAD with healthy group in emotion regulation total score and in all subscales. Also there is a significant difference (p < 0/05) between the GAD with healthy group in mindfulness. Discriminant analysis indicated that low mindfulness and emotion regulation difficulties could correctly classified cases either GAD or health group.

Overall, mindfulness and emotional dysregulation as two transdiagnostic factors probably have a role in development of GAD.

The purpose of this study was to model an intervention based on psychological and spiritual dimensions in promoting Islamic lifestyle and improving existential anxiety due to the moderating role of religious knowledge levels. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study consists of all the marital community (husbands and wives) of Tabriz city with anxiety symptoms. The statistical sample consisted of 60 couples who referred to Tabriz counseling centers, out of which 60 couples, 30 couples were selected as control group and 30 couples as experimental group. In this study, the research tools were: Goodness Existential Anxiety Scale, Islamic Lifestyle Questionnaire. Multivariate covariance was used to analyze the data. The results of statistical analysis showed Intervention Based on Psychological and Spiritual Dimensions in Promoting Islamic Lifestyle and its components (Effectiveness of prayer in life, attentiveness and practice, commitment to prayer and caring) is effective, but the intervention is not effective on the presence of the heart in prayer. Also, the results of statistical analysis showed Intervention based on psychological and spiritual dimensions is effective on existential anxiety.

The aim of this study was to analyze the structural relationship between psychological well-being based on optimism and resilience mediated by life satisfaction in students with symptoms of borderline personality disorder. The present study was a descriptive model of structural equation modeling. The sample of this study included 554 students of Allameh Tabatabai University (361 females and 193 males) who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and psychological well-being questionnaire (Reef, 1989), resilience questionnaire. (Connor and Davidson, 2003) completed the Borderline Personality Disorder Questionnaire (Jackson and Claridge, 1991), the Optimism Questionnaire (Shearer and Carver, 1994), and the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (Diner et al., 1985). Data were analyzed using a structural model. The results showed that Optimism ( t =2.19 , r= 0.06), resilience ( t =21.21 , r= 0.65) and life satisfaction ( t =7.30 , r= 0.23), have a significant relationship with psychological well-being. Also, optimism ( t =7.50 , r= 0.27), and resilience ( t =15.30 , r= 0.54) have a positive and significant relationship with life satisfaction. On the other hand, the mediating role of life satisfaction in the relationship between optimism with psychological well-being and resilience with psychological well-being was confirmed (p <0.05). According to the results, resilience and optimism training should be included in the list of treatment programs of university counselors to benefit from these strategies to increase life satisfaction and psychological well-being.

Bulimia nervosa is one of the eating and feeding disorders which is more prevalent in youth and endangers psychological and physical health of the sufferers. Variuos theoretical and Therapeutic approaches have been established for this disorder. Dialectical behavior witch targets emotion disregulation in these people, is among newest treatment approaches for this disorder. The aim of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the techniques based on dialectical behavior therapy in improving the symptoms of bulimia nervosa in these patients.

This study is based on the framework of single case experimental plan of multiple- baseline type. two patients with bulimia nervosa were chosen by using purposeful method and based on Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Axis I Disorders(SCID) and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Instument used to measure variables included EDI. Clients filled the instrument in the pretrement, and session 5, 7, 11 and one month follow up.The manual-based dialectical behaviora therapy was performed in 11 weekly sessions on the patiants. data was analized by using visual inspection, improvement percentage and effect size(cohen’d).

The results of visual inspection and calculating improvement percentage and effect size showed that DBT is effective in improving the symptoms of bulimia nervosa.

According to the results of this research, DBT, as a new approach, can be usueful in decreasing the symptoms of bulimia nervosa.

Several studies have reported a positive and significant relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and thought fusion which is a prognosis for obsessive-compulsive symptoms. In previous studies, the effects of mindfulness training on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) had been investigated, but the effect of this method on the thought fusion was not clear. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of mindfulness training on the thought fusion amoung individuals with obsessive- compulsive symptoms. This study was a single-subject project with multiple base line and 3 students from University of Tabriz, who volunteered to participate in this project. To collect data, the Thought –Fusion Integration (TFI) was used during the baseline, training and follow up. Graphical analyze was used to analyze the information and moreover, for the analysis of the results, the formula for the percentage of recovery and the effect size was used. Results indicated that mindfulness training has a clinically significant effect in the change of thought-fusion, thought-object and thought-event.Based on the findings, we conclude that mindfulness training effects in changing the thought fusion of individuals with OCD symptoms.

Self-management is the basis of diabetes treatment and is based on psychological and social factors. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the empirical fit of a model in which structural relationships of cognitive representations of disease with self-management of adolescents with type 1 diabetes were considered with regard to the mediating role of self-regulation strategies. This study was a correlation study (structural equation modeling) with a sample size of 250 adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Tabriz. Research tools were: IPQ Disease Perception Questionnaire, CISS Stressful Coping Scale, Standard Diabetes Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, DSMS Diabetes Self-Management Scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL. Evaluation of the hypothetical model by using fitness indices showed that the hypothetical model fitted to the measurement model (CFI = 0.95, NFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.09). The results showed that cognitive representations with standard coefficient of -0.73 and -0.50 had significant effect on self-regulation and self-management at p> 0.05 level, respectively. Also, self-regulation had a significant effect on self-management with standard coefficient of 0.47. Cognitive perceptions of adolescents about the disease through self-regulation (self-efficacy and coping methods) influence self-management of diabetes in adolescents. Therefore, self-management of this disorder can be improved by identifying and modifying dysfunctional cognitive perceptions and improving self-regulation strategies in diabetic adolescents.

People with developmental disabilities are at an increased for multiple types of maltreatment in comparison with their typically developing peers. The aim of current research was to study the maltreatment and child abuse toward children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Subject keywords including child abuse, child maltreatment, mental retardation, intellectual and developmental disability, adaptive-cognitive disabilities, and cognitive delays are formulated, and then submitted into advanced search section of Web of Science database. Retrieved results were examined and finally 18 papers were chosen for further analysis. There are plenty of evidence-based researches that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at increased risk for multiple types of maltreatment in comparison with their typically developing peers, including sexual abuse, physical violence and peer victimization such as bulling. To care and prevention of maltreatment and child abuse toward people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and other developmental disabilities developing a community –based program are needed.

Sport is a phenomenon that has always had social and cultural effects in human societies. Such results make addressing the dimensions of social psychology in zurkhaneh sport more prominent due to the combination of rituals and patterns of social behaviour in zurkhaneh sport culture. Therefore, the present study sought to analyze the functions of zurkhaneh sport from social psychology. This study was done with the qualitative data method of the grounded theory and the analysis of interviews with experts. Finally, the theoretical model of social psychology functions in zurkhaneh sport formulated with four categories; Zurkhaneh sports subculture, heroic identity, influential social networks and leadership characteristics were formed. According to the findings, in the Zurkhaneh sports subculture, leadership behaviours, communication patterns, and behavioural expectations are well accepted, and a high level of trust is established. They indicate that zurkhaneh sports have important functions in socio-sports psychology, which can be used at the community level by planning to take advantage of its capacities.