فصلنامه متن پژوهی ادبی
پیاپی 93 (پاییز 1401)

Mirzadeh Eshghi is one of the poets of the Constitutional period whose views and opinions are very important in the political and social developments of the Constitutional period. With the aim of identifying the concepts and components of love modernism, the present study intends to answer this main question: What is the pattern of modernism in Mirzadeh Eshghi's poetry collection? His openness, courage, precision, and precise analysis of the political situation of the community are very significant in awakening and stimulating national emotions. The important point is that the lack of attention to the details of modernism, the expression of the diverse themes of modernism and paradoxical thinking, and the inner conflicts of love have caused his thoughts to not be adequately and comprehensively identified; therefore, in this research, using the "Grounded Theory" strategy, without any presumptions and biased judgment, the concepts of modernization in love poems were extracted and categorized. At the end of this process, by comparing and measuring the data and concepts, the components of modernization including 61 concepts were designed and arranged in the form of 11 components. The category of "domestic policy affairs" and Social developments with 12 repetitions have the highest frequency compared to other categories.

These two books Anisatolibin and Maqamat-e-Naqshband are among the oldest and most important sources about Baha' al-Din Naqshband (718 -791) and his principles. More resources about Baha' al-Din Naqshband are often taken from Anis at Talibin book and many of the Maqamat’s topics are shared by Anis at Talibin. In this article, Baha' al-Din and his principles were introduced from the point of view of the authors of these two books and then the comparative analysis of the two works, the style of writing, the amount of poetry, ideas, and common themes, the position of women, miracles as well as the type and direction of miracles in them, should be examined. The comparative comparison of the two books showed that a large proportion of the Maqamat-e-Naqshband shared with Anis at Talibin and this suggests that Anis at Talibin was probably one of the main sources of the author of the Maqamat-e-Naqshband.

Panegyric poem is a kind of poem that is written to praise a person and the poet with transcendental characteristics. Such a poem is one of the old Persian poems. Studies about it focused on content studies and not language studies. So, in this research, by a focus on the syntax layer, as a language layer, the language factors are checked to find the major component and relationship between face and meaning. So, 20 odes of 6 important sweetheart poets were chosen and verb components were selected as the most important part of the proposition. Verbs were studied through some items like verb mood, count, person, verb types, intransitive and transitive verbs, linking and action verbs, and passive and impassive verbs. The results showed that sweetheart poets have used some common attributes. Also, it is shown that indicative verb mood, tense verb, impassive, and action verbs. So, poets by using these components have withdrawn the text from passivity and have caused panegyrics that will be acceptable.

Verbal discourse of the modern prose is formed by interconnected structure from a conscious mind in a way that the play of the signs in the text along with the personal mentality and memory of the character can become so fluid and elusive that ambiguity becomes a particular component of modern narrative. But semiotic layers with a detailed and systematic reading deal with the interaction of the text layers in the story to investigate implicit and explicit implications of signs in a semantic process through multiple codes and according to the context of the texture. "Abolhol" is a short story by Fereshte Sari written in the eighties. Narrator's diegesis that as if it is the symbolic narrative of the visualization of his subconscious mind and body about the fate of women, shows such semantic capacity of the places such as caravanserai and darkroom so fertile with human and inhuman activists that the phenomenology of reading with a layered semiotic approach, in addition to the interference of the paratext elements in the implications, the layers of time, space, aesthetics, and actors in codes are considered to show their semantic capacity in the semantic process of the story. But in the "sequence" the semantic process of the modern subject is on the path of "becoming" which led to the narrator's transcendental "Stative subject "in addition to the obvious role of "effective verbs" the narrator's "disjunction" was also considered in "meaning manqué" to show the difference between the character of traditional and modern stories in search of objects.

'Creativity' in comparative literature is the difference between imitating and being influenced, and the creative author is said to be inspired by the others’ work, and nurture what they borrowed from another in the social and cultural construction of their society in a new way. The similarity in layout and plot of these two novels “Shohare Ahoo Khanoom” (1961) by Ali Mohammad Afghani and “Sister Carrie” (1900) by Theodore Dreiser, makes it possible to compare these two works in comparative literature. This article argues that Afghani in writing the novel “Shohare Ahoo Khanoom”, has been directly affected by Dreiser’s first work and has domesticated this American novel’s plot and narration in the cultural and social context of Iran. Despite the common points observed in the narrative plot and characterization method of these two novels, especially the two characters, “Homa” and “Carrie”, there are also some differences in these two works that are more related to the differences in the social and cultural conditions of their authors.

The actions and thoughts of the hero of the epic represent the aspirations and characteristics of a nation. For this reason, recognizing the characteristics of the epic hero is especially important in realizing his role in creating epic content, because the epic poet tries to emphasize the effective elements in creating the epic content by using the "heroic insight". In this research, which is done analytically-descriptively and with the aim of examining the role of "hero" in creating epic content, an attempt is made to rely on the story of "Rostam and Esfandiar", the characteristics of two unique heroes/hero of Shahnameh, namely "Rostam". (the hero of the world and the national epic of Iran) and "Esfandiar" (the hero – the Iranian prince of invulnerability) to be introduced and analyzed as the hero's influential vision in forming repetitive epic themes in Shahnameh. According to the findings of this study, the most prominent characteristics, thoughts, and actions of the two main heroes of the story "Rostam and Esfandiar", which led to the formation of the most epic story of Shahnameh are: the popularity and nationality of the hero, having a superficial character and signs of godliness, the importance of the race, the need to preserve the name and protect the sanctity of the free, the use of special weapons, the need for knowledge.

Story code analysis means to have a focus on signs which contribute to revealing the secondary meanings with a structured methodology. The main problem is to understand how signs with synergic cooperation in the context of short stories avoid text from unilaterality and lead to a plurality of meaning by engaging audiences through referential codes. This essay studies the short story Merry Go Round from the book “Red Gloves” by Sepideh Shamloo. The paper is using a descriptive-analytical approach based on various codes from theorists’ points of view like Schindler or Barthes. Another aspect of the paper is analyzing structural elements that result in positive impacts on the code analysis of the work. Codes reflected in stories demonstrate predominant conventional systems such as social, behavioral, physical, commentary, mythical, spiritual, temporal, and local and they will result in the reproduction of cultural or social patterns in the view of audiences.

Halliday's systemic functional theory is a social look at a language which is interwoven with three metafunctional processes. Studying literary texts from linguistic aspects, such as ideational function is one of the new research approaches which improve a better and deeper understanding of hidden layers of texts. One of the modern Arabic and Persian literary discussions is the use of myths in modern poetry. Contemporary Arabic and Persian poets have described Hallaj's story in the form of myth. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati, a contemporary Arabic poet, and Shafiei Kadkani, a contemporary Persian poet, are among the poets who deal with the story of Hallaj in some of their poems. The method is correlative-analytical and this study tries to analyze the variety of different ideational metafunction processes of Hallaj's story in the poetry of these two poets. The results show that each of these two poets used various material processes to express their opinions. Peripheral elements such as time and space exist in the poems of both poets.

The purpose of this study is to examine the metaphors of surrealist-style novels from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. In which of the following are the most common areas of origin and destination of surreal metaphors? And what are the metaphors of surreal works in terms of objectivity and origin? The novels selected in this study were surreal novels from different authors around the world. In this study, one hundred pages of these 6 novels were studied. The metaphors were extracted and analyzed in the context and then the origin and destination of these metaphors were identified based on the origin and destination areas of Koveces's theory, and finally, Objective and abstract areas of origin and destination were identified. The results show that the surreal metaphors are more intangible and the source and destination domains are both more objective, although abstract domains are also present and most abundant in the human and machine origin domain. In the field of destination, it is about man and nature, and we continue to understand the importance of the human subject in this style of work.

One of the important approaches in the mythological studies of literary texts is Northrop Frye's Theories. The present study investigates the story of Rostam and Sohrab in Shahnameh by using Frye's proposed model and by a descriptive-analytical method. The method of information gathering is the libraries method. Studies show that the presence of elements such as the myth of decay and death, catastrophic death, sacrifice, and hero isolation draws the story closer to Mitus Fall and the tragedy of isolation in Frye's theory. After mentioning the six stages of the tragedy outlined in Frye's model, its adaptation to the course of this story was examined. In the end, it was concluded that: According to the tragedy model of isolation, the hero of the myth performs an act of isolation that results from his self-consciousness, which brings with him personal experience. In addition, regarding Frye's view of the role of myth in the reflection of the author's social era, it was concluded that the formation of the myth of Rostam and Sohrab could be a reflection of Ferdowsi's view of the social situation of his period.

Resālat al-Abrāj is one of Suhrawardi’s symbolic stories in Arabic, full of symbols and metaphors asking for a return to the original homeland. Nevertheless, which roles do these symbols and metaphors play in understanding the text, and how should they be interpreted? Paul Ricoeur, one of the contemporary hermeneutics philosophers, considers symbol, metaphor, and narrative very essential as media through which one obtains the knowledge of oneself and one’s surrounding world. Interpreting symbols and metaphors with Ricoeur’s method in Resālat al-Abrāj provides an opportunity to understand Ricoeur’s hermeneutics and his method as well as an illuminated text in the contemporary worldview. Ricoeur’s hermeneutic method is a dialectic between “explanation” and “understanding”: interpretation begins with a semantic explanation of the text, especially symbols and metaphors as places to create new meanings. The interaction between these new meaning fields leads us to the world of the text: the world in which the reader finds the possibility of living and appropriates it. By this method, we understand that the world of Resālat al-Abrāj reminds the sacred call to “Return” to the illuminated homeland, and rouses the love towards this homeland for those who find themselves in deep darkness. This illuminated world threatens the current world of contemporary humans, because the concept of the sacred homeland may be a false consciousness. However, the world of the text, by reminding ontological darkness, points out deceits of consciousness. This new possibility results in the fundamental development of the reader’s world and his self-knowledge.

The use of "allegory" and "symbols" to better understand the concepts, particularly abstract and rational concepts, is one of the ways in which children's literature is very important and it can be examined from multiple views one of which is semiotic structure or meaning of the symbols that can open the way to new issues in literature. Therefore, this article uses qualitative and quantitative mixed research methods and the semiotic pattern of symbols of Ogden and Richards to explore the semiotics of meaning of symbols in children's literature in the eighties. Semiotic symbols of this period show that the ideas that have changed signs in stories this decade are more religious and moral. In addition, the study of data, based on the above model, shows that thought alone cannot be considered the main factor in changing the signs of the symbol, but other components such as the multiple characteristics of a case and its semantic evolution over time must be considered.