مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 667 (هفته سوم خرداد 1401)

Neuroprotective effects of L-carnitine on damage caused by fetal exposure to ethanol have been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of L-carnitine at different stages of pregnancy on the memory of two month old offsprings whose mothers consumed alcohol during pregnancy.

For the purpose of this study, 55 pregnant female rats were randomly divided into 11 groups of 5, including control group, which received drinking water, and the ethanol group which received drinking water containing 10 % (w/v) ethanol. L-Carnitine treated group received L-carnitine in doses of 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg in addition to the ethanol, in the first 10 days or the second 10 days of pregnancy. For modeling the third trimester of pregnancy, doses of L-carnitine were gavaged to the rat neonates for 10 days. After two months of birth, the memories of offsprings were evaluated using Passive Avoidance Task (PAT) and Novel Object Recognition Test (ORT).

Administration of L-carnitine significantly increased discrimination of the ORT index and the escape latency of entry to dark compartment in PAT by two month old offspring compared to the ethanol group. The mentioned indices were significantly increased at a dose of 150 mg/kg compared to the dose of 50 mg/kg throughout all pregnancy periods. These indices were significantly different when l-carnitine was administered in the second 10 days of pregnancy compared to any other periods.

The administration of L-carnitine during pregnancy can prevent alcohol-induced memory impairment in rat offsprings. This effect was more significant at higher doses of L-carnitine. The best response was seen when L-carnitine was administered to mothers in the second 10 days of pregnancy.

Nowadays, the use of mechanical ventilation devices has a vital use in the treatment of patients hospitalized in intensive care units, while different modes of mechanical ventilation devices had different outcomes, thus this study aimed at comparing two modes of mechanical ventilation, that is the outcome of pressure regulated volume-controlled (PRVC) and Adaptive support ventilation (ASV) on hemodynamic changes and time taken to separate  the patient from the device in the intensive care unit.

This study is a single-blind randomized clinical trial conducted in Alzahra hospital during 2018-2019. The research population of the study included 74 patients admitted to the intensive care unit who were selected by convenience sample. The patients were ramdomly divided into two groups. The device parameters were adjusted on PRVC mode for the first group and ASV mode for the second group. The data were compared between two groups using. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests, T-test, and repeated measures of ANOVA and ANCOVA.

There was no significant difference between the two groups at different intervals in terms of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, pH and HCO3, RAMSY score. The analysis of variance with repeated observations showed that both, the group and time had significant effects on SPO2 and PCO2. The average length of time connected to the mechanical ventilation device and the duration of hospitalization in the ASV group was significantly lower than the PRVC Group.

The ASV mode more than PRVC mode decreased the length of stay and need for ventilation of hospitalized patients in intensive care units.

There is limited information on the effect of types of training on important regulators of fat storage and lipolysis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of interval training at two different intensities on adipose tissue triglyceride lipase and perilipin5 visceral fat tissue of type 2 diabetic male rats.

Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: healthy and diabetic, and then diabetic rats were randomly divided into three subgroups of diabetic control and two groups HIIT and MIIT thus, the present study was performed on four groups (8 groups each). The training was performed in MIIT with 65-70% and in HIIT group with 85-90% of maximum oxygen consumption during eight weeks. Then 24 hours after the last training session, the adipose tissue of the mice were removed using a combined intraperitoneal injection consisting anesthetic ketamine and xylazine. Expression of perilipin 5 and ATGL protein was detected via Western blotting. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.

The results of the post hoc test showed a significant decrease in perilipin 5 in the HIIT group and MIIT compared to the control diabetic group. Meanwhile no overall significant difference was observed between the HIIT and MIIT groups. Also, the results of a one-way analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference in ATGL values between the research groups.

Both HIIT and MIIT protocols can lead to significant decrease in the tissue concentrations of perilipin 5 in type 2 diabetic rats.