مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال سی‌ام شماره 4 (پیاپی 188، تیر 1401)

Methadone is a substance that is widely used in the substitution treatment of opiate addiction. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of melatonin on apoptosis induced by transfer of transplacental methadone in mice.

This study was an experimental study aimed to assay apoptotic effect of placenta transferred methadone on brain, liver and kidney tissues and to study protective effect of melatonin in an embryo model in mice.  Bulb-C mice weighing 25-30 g were kept in four shelves (3 females and one male) and checked daily for the sterile cycle. For mice with vaginal plugs, the first day of pregnancy was considered. After confirmation of pregnancy, female mice were divided into 5 groups of 6, which included the control group, methadone (10 mg / kg) and melatonin groups in three doses (2, 4, 6 mg / kg / day) by IP injection for half an hour before prescribing methadone. This prescription was given for 10 days from the beginning of pregnancy. After the infants were born, their liver, brain, and kidneys were removed and they underwent immunohistochemical tests for apoptotic expression of Bcl2, BAX, and Caspase3 proteins. The results were analyzed by SPSS version 22 statistical software and Chi-square (Chi 2) and Fisher tests (P <0.01).

This study showed that melatonin at dose 4 and 6mg/kg has decreased apoptotic protein BAX and Caspase9 and increased anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl2 expression approximately, but these results were not significant statistically (P>0.05). In addition, for dose of 0.2 mg/kg of melatonin, there was not any apoptotic effect.

Our findings showed that melatonin has almost a protective effect against apoptotic effect induced by placental transfer of methadone especially via its increasing effects on Bcl2, but this anti-apoptotic effect was not significant and needed for more precise studies.

The World Health Organization first reported outbreaks of COVID-19 in 2019 in Wuhan, China. Limited studies have been performed on long-term complications after the acute phase of this disease in children. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of children who had previously been hospitalized with COVID-19.

In this cross-sectional study, long-term complications in 105 children less than 18 years of age suspected of having Covid-19 disease were assessed (2020-2021). This evaluation was performed by completing a questionnaire by patients' families three months after discharge and collecting information from the patients' records at the time of hospitalization. Participants were also classified into four age groups. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

All 105 children suspected of having COVID-19 who were hospitalized during the mentioned period were included in this study, but the families of 80 children completed the questionnaire. The most common long-term complications in the patients were mood disorders (35.2%), loss of appetite (22.9%), and fatigue (20%), respectively. It has also been found that with the increasing age of the patients, the incidence of complications has increased.

 This study results demonstrated that the most common side effects observed in trimester follow-up of children with COVID-19 are mood disorders, loss of appetite, and fatigue, respectively. Thus, post-COVID-19 complications cannot be dismissed among children and adolescents. Controlled population-based studies and further in-depth analyses are needed to confirm their impact on individuals and health care systems.

Cancer patients are extremely vulnerable psychologically and may suffer a variety of psychological trauma. This can have a significant impact on their cancer resistance and recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the transition process of crisis in cancer patients, considering the high number of cancer in the country.

This study was conducted using a qualitative paradigm. In this study, narrative research approach and narrative interview technique was run in order to achieve the transition stages in crisis in cancer patients. During the interview with 14 cancer patients in Gonabad City, theoretical saturation was obtained. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin (1990) comparative analysis.

Cancer patients went through 8 stages before accepting death. These stages included Disease shock, denial of disease, concealment, anger, depression, religious perception, acceptance of illness and acceptance of death.

Due to the need to know the crisis process in people with cancer and the high number of patients, the results of this study can be used for people with the patients to deal with them properly, as well as for researchers, managers and planners to know more. The needs of cancer patients and evidence-based planning should be used.

Urinary incontinence is one of the most common problems among women that has significant effects on various aspects of their lives. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence and risk factors in women aged 40-60 years referred to urology clinics affiliated to Shahid Sadoughi University in Yazd City in 2010-2011.

This cross-sectional study performed on 200 randomly selected women aged 40-60 years referred to urology clinics. Questionnaire containing demographic information and questions related to determining urinary incontinence and type of urinary incontinence and risk factors (age, weight, height, BMI, age of onset of menopause, age of onset of menopause, number of deliveries, age at first delivery, number of vaginal deliveries, number Cesarean delivery, menopause, diabetes, hypertension, constipation, chronic lung disease, use of contraceptive hormones, postmenopausal hormone therapy, smoking, obsession) were completed by face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 software using Chi-square and t-test.

The prevalence of urinary incontinence in women aged 40-60 years referred to these clinics was 54%. The highest prevalence was stress urinary incontinence with 89.2%, followed by urge (48.6%) and mixed incontinence (47.7%), respectively. In the study of risk factors, a significant relationship was observed between taking birth control pills and urinary incontinence (P=0.032), constipation and stress and urgency urinary incontinence (P=0.046); there was also a significant relationship between taking birth control pills and not having mixed urinary incontinence (P=0.02).

The prevalence of urinary incontinence in women referred to urology clinics is high and in order to reduce the incidence of urinary incontinence, diet change is recommended.

The widespread prevalence of depression in society is one of the biggest concerns today. Spiritual health affects depression and plays an important role in improving the quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between spiritual health and depression in general and residency dental students of Islamic Azad  University of Medical Sciences

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 166 students  of 5th semester and higher were selected through census. Demographic questionnaires of Palutzian and Ellison spiritual health questionnaire and Beck depression questionnaire were used to collect data. Participants' information was entered into PASS statistical software version 11 and data analysis was performed using ANOVA tests and correlation coefficients.

In the study, 166 students were included by census. Among all the factors measured, marital status had a direct and significant relationship with spiritual health (P=0.022). Moreover, the history of physical and mental illness had an inverse and significant relationship with spiritual health (P=0.034). Educational status and history of physical and mental illness had a statistically direct and significant relationship with depression (P=0.014, P=0.064). People who had no history of physical or mental illness and were married had higher spiritual health, and people who studied in higher semesters and had a history of physical and mental illness had more depression. Finally, spiritual health and depression showed an inverse and significant relationship (P≤0.0001).

A study of the results obtained from dentistry students showed that there was a significant and inverse correlation between spiritual health and depression.

Osteosarcoma is one of the cancers that current treatment strategies using chemotherapy drugs have not been very successful due to multiple drug resistance and harmful side effects. The use of nano-niosomal systems in the delivery of paclitaxel is one of the attractive approaches to overcome these limitations. paclitaxel is a powerful anticancer agent used in the treatment of many tumors. In this study, different niosomal formulations were designed and synthesized by loading paclitaxel to increase drug efficiency on cancer cells and overcome the problems of the present treatment.

To enhance the therapeutic response, we developed different PEGylated niosomal formulations containing the anticancer drug paclitaxel and synthesized them by the thin-film method. For this purpose, niosomal formulations based on different kinds of Nonionic surfactants and Cholesterol were prepared. The final formula selected was surface modified using DSPE-mPEG2000. finally, the physical characteristics of niosomal formulations and their effects on drug loading and drug releaseing were evaluated and interpreted. Cytotoxicity on bone cancer cell line was assessed by using MTT assay.

The final formulation of paclitaxel PEGylated niosome had 74.98% entrapment efficiency, size 115.4 nm, and a surface charge of -12.79 mV, as the optimal formulation selected. niosomal systems containing paclitaxel were able to show higher toxicity on Saos-2 cell line compared with free drugs. In addition, this nanosystem alone and without drug had no significant toxicity effect in normal fibroblast cell line (HFF).

Our results show that the delivery of paclitaxel using the delivery system of PEGylated nano-niosomes is an excellent and promising strategy in the treatment of bone cancer.

Numerous studies have shown that enriched plasma protects myocardial cells against ischemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rat enriched plasma by preconditioning, ischemia, and reperfusion on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) into cardiomyocytes.

In this experimental and laboratory study, BMMSCs were extracted from the femur bone of male Wistar rats weighting 250-300 g. BMMSCs of the third passage were divided into six groups according to the type of plasma received: 1) control, 2) azacytidine, 3) azacytidine and non-ischemic plasma recipient, 4) azacytidine and preconditioned plasma recipient , 5) azacytidine and ischemic plasma recipient 6) azacytidine and plasma reperfusion recipient groups. In all groups except group 1, to initiate cardiomyocyte differentiation, BMMSCs were exposed to azacytidine (10 μM) for 24 hours. Plasma (25 μg / ml) was added to the culture medium each time the culture medium was changed. After 21 days, the expression level of myocardial βMHC, desmin, and troponin I genes was assessed using qRT-PCR.

The expression of myocardial βMHC, desmin, and troponin I genes was significantly increased in all groups received azacytidine (groups 2 to 6) (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the expression of myocardial βMHC, desmin, and troponin I genes, the doubling time, and migration between the plasma receiving groups (groups 3 to 6) compared to the group 2 (P>0.05).

The findings of present study showed that the plasma collected during ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion, and ischemia preconditioning had no effect on the differentiation of BMMSCs into cardiomyocytes in the presence of azacytidine.