مجله دراسات فی العلوم الانسانیه
سال بیست و نهم شماره 1 (ربیع 1444)

Developing leadership skills is essential for creating innovative strategies for competing in complex environment and for the success in business. Successful leaders empower their followers to achieve goals. On the other hand, by developing concepts related to marketing, organizations' attitudes toward customers to create sustainable relationships are also changing, and in today's dynamic and competitive markets, industries and services need ways to meet environmental challenges and deliver waste-free products and services to customers. Assessing the existing background, a lack of research in this field is felt especially about the mediating role of entrepreneurial leadership. The present study is descriptive-correlation based on the applied purpose as well as on the nature and method. In the analysis of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results, the data distribution was not normal; therefore, Smart PLS software was used for the data analysis. The PLS method for fitting and evaluating the validity of structural equation models covers three parts: measurement, structure, and general model. The results showed that the conceptual model has a good fit. Also, to test the research hypotheses, the path coefficient and statistical value of t were used, which were all confirmed, and we concluded that in using lean leadership, customer relationship is necessary, and on the other hand, having leaders with entrepreneurial spirit can be very effective in lean system and ultimately leads to good communication with customers.

About two years after the Iraq-Iran war, and at a time when Iraqi-Iranian relations were neither war nor peace, Saddam Hussein as Iraq's top political leader, wrote letters to high-ranking Iranian officials. In the correspondences, he sought to portray himself as a pacifist seeking a peaceful solution to the Iraq-Iran crisis. Iranian officials replied obsessively to all the letters. The role of these letters was very important because they were written after the war that incurred heavy human and material losses between the two countries. At that time, officials of both countries were very careful and cautious in what to say and how to say it. Probably, it could be said that the war between the two countries had gone from a physical battle to an attempt at verbal persuasion. Therefore, it is important and necessary to examine and analyze these messages through critical discourse analysis. After reviewing the correspondences, it became clear that there was a dialectical connection between their ideology, power, and texts. The more socially and politically powerful the actor is, the more opportunity he has for linguistics, and in turn, has an effect on his display of power. Officials of both countries – even perhaps unknowingly - used the discourse components to strengthen and direct their discourse; components such as: polarization, reference, lexical options, participant characteristics, implicit signification, distance, and fallacy.

Changing the business model of banks, entering new markets, changing the nature of traditional and classic systems to digital banking and the emergence of fintechs and startups in the banking sector on the one hand and the lack of a comprehensive view in the field of identification and Risk control, on the other, have increased the concern and risk of banks. In this paper, using the standards of the Banking Supervision Committee, the effect of intra-bank and extra-bank risk factors by data panel econometric model on capital adequacy as an indicator of bank risk management in the period 2012-2018 in listed banks (10 banks) tested and analyzed. The results of the assumptions showed that all risk indicators studied have a significant effect on the capital adequacy of banks, in addition to the risk of balance sheet structure as shown in the financial crisis of 2007-2008, also threatened by macroeconomic risk.

According to a Hadith reported by Ibn Abbas, the addressee of the verses 16-19 of sura al-ghiama is prophet Mohammad, and their subject is prohibiting Mohammad from hurrying in repeating God's word. Most of exegesis have documented their interpretation on those verses by the Hadith. Even those exegetes who have not accepted this Hadith, they could not ignore it. This article criticizes this Hadith firstly and then proposes a new interpretation of this verses using similar verses, using similar verses and focusing on the context. The conclusion is that that prohibition is related to the world after this world, and unlike the current view saying the addressee is prophet, it addresses the one who does not believe in the other world and rejects that. In fact, these verses are related to reading letter of deeds in resurrection. God says: do not hurry, we will read it for you.

Changes in the labor market and the growth of the diversity of combinations of out-of-business models have been raised by policy makers and researchers in the field of entrepreneurship and management with the theme of "hybrid entrepreneurship", in which the combination of employment and entrepreneurship has increased. This type of entrepreneurship is especially popular among college graduates. The research is a qualitative and exploratory method that studies the issue among hybrid entrepreneurs. The statistical population selected is 13 of the top-level entrepreneurs who were initially public/private. Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaire, as content analysis. The findings suggest that dual-business entrepreneurs have different core cognitive characteristics than full-time entrepreneurs, including psychological characteristics, entrepreneurial motivations, demographics, environments, resource networks, and organizational facilitators.

The constructive role of women in creating moral and emotional bonds of family isundeniable; but this goal is achieved only in a calm and secure environment away from violence. Today, there is a lot of evidence of domestic violence against women. The aim of the present study is to present the sociological model of lived experience in the socio-cultural fields of violence against women (with a Grand Theory approach). The present research method is quantitative and applied survey type. The statistical population is 314 women living in Tehran who were selected by the random sampling method. Data obtained from in-depth interviews were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression test using SPSS software. The results showed that there was a negative and inverse relationship between sociological factors of lived experience (economic factors, social factors, cultural factors, family factors, religious factors) and among the factors; Underlying factors had a positive and significant relationship with violence against women.

In this study, the effect of employees' perception of customer delight through work engagement on value co-creation of employees of travel agencies in Tehran is investigated. The statistical population is the front line employees of travel agencies in Tehran. The sampling method was also convenience non-random. Research hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Findings show that employees' perception of customer delight has an effect on job engagement through the variables of vigor, dedication and absorption. Work engagement also has an effect on value co-creation through these variables.Based on the results of the research model, it is suggested that travel agencies try to improve the level of employees' perception and work engagement in order to improve the level of organizational value co-creation capabilities.