Journal of Community Health Research
Volume:11 Issue: 2, Apr-Jun 2022

Blood and body fluid spillage continues to be a public health problem, despite, advances in our understanding and control of infections. So, this study was done to compare the knowledge in Spill Management among trained and untrained health care workers based  on which measures can be taken to reduce the hazards in hospital.

A Cross-Sectional Study in Teaching Hospital, Kakinada was conducted from September to October 2019 using  Semi-structured questionnaire & data was collected from a convenient sampling of  202 Health Care Workers consisting  of Interns & PGs, Staff Nurses, Student Nurses & Lab Technicians, MNOs, Sanitation Staff, & Others divided in to three  groups. Data was obtained from those present in duty at that time and who gave consent. Those who were not willing to participate in the study were excluded. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Data obtained was entered in Excel 2016, analysed using SPSS20 software and presented as Percentage Distribution, Mean & Standard Deviations and Significance applied wherever necessary.

   86.14% (174) had knowledge about Hand hygiene. Knowledge on discarding used materials in the yellow bin was observed in 77.23% (156)  overall. Only 27.23% (55) were aware of proper use of PPEs.  The right sequence of steps of Spill Management was mentioned by 16.34% subjects overall. 38.61% (78) received training on Spill Management. Hypochlorite was the most used disinfectant for cleaning the spill, as mentioned by 55.94% (113 out of 202). Only 30.2% (61) told they were aware of “Spill Management kit”, of whom, 62.29% (38 of 61) received training (p value obtained is 0.0002).

Spill management is seen highest among Group I compared to Group II. So, trainings must be conducted on Quarterly basis to update and sustain knowledge level among all groups of health care workers as this is a dynamic group.

  Development of at a younger age is a potential risk of developing chronic low back pain in adulthood. The study was planned with the purpose to know the extent of the less studied musculoskeletal disorders as a health problem among Indian medical students. The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of low back and neck pain among medical students, find the associations of low back and neck pain with quality-of-life issues, self-perceived stress and lifestyle.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Bhopal, India from May to July 2019, total 220 medical students were randomly selected. A questionnaire including the pre-validated instruments viz.  Oswestry Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale and Perceived Stress Scale-10 were used to collect the data. Data entry was done in Microsoft Excel and was analyzed on statistical package SPSS version 23.

The overall prevalence of Low Back and Neck Pain were 49.1% and 56.4% respectively. A significant association of female gender was found with Neck and Low Back Pain. A significant negative correlation was found between body mass index and Visual Analogue Scale neck & back (p=0.003).

There was a high prevalence of low back pain and neck pain in medical students at Bhopal. Females were affected more than males. Complaint of lower back pain was more than neck pain. Playing outdoor sports and weightlifting was found to be having protective effect on low back pain and neck pain.

hypertension is the most important public health problem in developing countries. It is a leading cause of stroke, kidney failure, premature death and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of conducting this study was to investigate the factors associated medical Adherence of hypertension based on health belief model.

The present study was a descriptive-analytical study. A total of 403 hypertensive patients with health records were enrolled in the study. Data collection questionnaire included demographic questions and health belief model structures. Data using logistic regression analysis using software was 23 SPSS.

 More than half of the patients (58.8%) had poor medication adherence. Most of the subjects (87.3%) used less than three drugs. Pearson test results showed a significant relationship between drug compliance with age, education and job. Among the constructs of HBM, the highest mean was related to perceived benefits (88.93 ± 10.92) and the lowest to self-efficacy constructs (51.97 ±31.55). In the logistic regression model, three factors of awareness, guides to action and perceived barriers, confidently influence drug compliance.

Effective interventions based on health belief model and with emphasis on raising awareness, practice guide and removing perceived barriers can increase medication adherence in patients with hypertension.

Many people die as a result of road traffic crashes globally every year. Low- and middle-income countries had higher road crashes mortality compared to high-income countries and Iran is one of the countries with the high road crashes mortality in the world. Regarding the important and basic role the social components plays in health. The current study aims to investigate social determinants of traffic crash mortality in Isfahan during the 2014-2017.

This study was a cross-sectional data secondary analysis. 29909 traffic crashes were analyzed. Data were extracted from the Hospital Information System (HIS) and analyzed using logistic regression. Social determinants were selected using the Commission on Social Determinants of Health conceptual framework. Data were analyzed with Stata 14 software at a significance level of less than 0.05

we found that 719(2.8%) mortalities were related to traffic accident injury. The death rate due to traffic crash in the hospital was 2.4%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that men (P-value =0.00), unemployed people, less than 65 years of age, injured transported from suburb and passengers of small vans/trucks (P-value <0.00) had higher odds of mortality caused by traffic crashes

Considering the importance of social factors on traffic crashes mortality, health policy-makers should develop preventive programs and adopting policies based on occupation, sex, age, mode of transport of the injured, and the type of vehicles to inform interventions aimed at reducing injury-related mortality.

The more informed a patient about a treatment, the better the obtained outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the patients regarding dental implants and determine the sources of information and also the accuracy of received information.

In this cross-sectional study, 246 participants with the age of at least 20 years, were randomly selected. A researcher-made questionnaire including demographic characteristics and questions related to participants' knowledge and attitude was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS.23 and p -value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

The mean score of the participants ' knowledge on dental implants was 8.08 ± 2.12 out of 12. The primary main source of patients for getting information was friends and acquaintances (32.9%), followed by dentists (26.8%). The level of knowledge was higher in younger (P-value: 0.00) and educated ones (P-value: 0.00) and in those who had insurance coverage (P-value: 0.012). The main reason for not choosing implant treatment in 58.9% of participants was high costs. There was no relationship between gender (P-value: 0.55) and monthly income of patients (P-value: 0.09) with their level of knowledge. The results revealed that knowledge level of the participants about durability of implants, possible negative points of choosing this treatment, location of placement, body material, types of implant-based treatments, probable complications after treatment and health cares needed for dental implant was low; Therefore, it seems necessary to improve the level of information of participants and to correct their information sources.

Food labels can be beneficial instruments for patients with chronic diseases to take care of the health. The study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of patients with chronic diseases about food labeling and effects of sociodemographic factors on it.

A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2018-2019 on 800 patients with chronic diseases who referred to clinics of Heshmat and Razi hospitals in Gilan, Iran, through convenience sampling. Anthropometric measurements and sociodemographic information were assessed. Status of knowledge, attitude and practice toward food labeling were assessed through a self-reported questionnaire. Mann-whitney U-test and Kruscal-wallis test was used for statistical analysis. P-value<0.05 was considered as significant.

The mean age of participants was 55.6±14..The mean± SD of knowledge score was 8.47± 1.22. Almost 70% of the patients believed that written date on food package insures that the product is fresh. 68% of them believed that reading nutritional information on food labels is helpful to choose a product with high nutritional value. In the field of practice, 99% of participants paid attention to food labels when purchasing, however, the majority of them read these labels to find out the produce and expiry date and price. Only 11% of the participants read food labels when purchasing to get nutritional information.

Patients with chronic diseases have good knowledge but poor practice about food labeling. Regarding the importance of food choices in prevention of chronic diseases, educating people about the importance of food labels seems necessary.

Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases which causes other chronic diseases. The incidence of it is increasing in different societies, including Iran.  This study aimed to investigate Gender  differences in incidence of type 2 diabetes and  related psychosocial factors.

This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 among people with the age group of 20 to 60. All the 600 participants were married and lived in Kerman. Using multi-stage sampling, 300 men and 300 women were selected. Data were collected through a questionnaire which included 3 sections as follows: Social demographic variables, healthy lifestyle variabl and perceived stress variable. Statistical analysis was done through descriptive statistics, Lambda test, Independent sample T -test and Binary Logistic regression. The SPSS 23 was used to perform the data analysis. The significance level of the study was considered to be p=0.05.

    The mean (SD) score of physical activity for women was significantly lower than men: (7.6 (2.3) vs. 8.2 (2.7) (P=0.006) ). In the same vein, the mean (SD) score of healthy diet among women was significantly higher than men:  (18.6 (3) vs. 18 (2.4),( P<0.001) ). The rate of avoidance of tobacco and alcohol consumption among women was significantly higher than men:( 19.4 (1.3) vs. 17.9 (2.6),( P<0.001) ).  results of multiple logistic regression showed that in the group of women, the chance of developing diabetes was significantly related to perceived stress level (OR=1.21), level of sports activities OR=0.48) (and education. Education level and health diet also had a significant effect on men's odds of developing diabetes (OR=0.63, 1.35, respectively).

Among the indicators of healthy lifestyle, doing exercise in women and having a healthy diet in men were effective in predicting the risk of diabetes. In addition, the amount of perceived social stress was one of the most important psychological factors in the development of diabetes just in women. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the factors affecting diabetes in both men and women separately. and This can be an appropriate analytical instrument for sociologists and health researchers to recognize and focus on this problem as well as for health policy makers to reduce and control harmful factors.

Influenza virus is one of the deadliest viruses that has threatened the human population over the years. Every year, organizations and hospitals must be prepared to deal with the disease and treat people with the flu and be able to manage the disease in the hospital. The aim of this study was to identify hospital management strategies for human influenza in Yazd province, central part of Iran.

This study was a qualitative study with inductive conventional approach. A total of 14 main hospitals in Yazd province were surveyed in 2021. The study population included heads and managers of hospitals, nurses, educational and clinical supervisors, metrons, officials of the quality improvement office and the infection Control Committee. Participants were selected using snowball sampling method. semi structured interviews were used to collect data. The sample size in this study was up to information saturation. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data.

Using the opinions and views of 38 managers and officials of selected hospitals in Yazd province, data saturation was obtained. The most important tasks of the hospital management in terms of influenza control and management were divided into 5 areas (field measures, support, training, awareness, protection   and measures in the field of human resources). The major challenges   regarding the influenza control and management were classified into 3 areas: hospital (health), macro (university, provincial, national and Ministry of Health guidelines) and community level. Finally, the most important solutions and suggestions were categorized in these 3 key areas.

Based on the categorized challenges and problems, as well as the classification of the most important strategies and suggestions, useful action can be taken to    the control and management of influenza, both at the hospital level and in the community, in Iranian hospitals especially in Yazd province.

The World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 declared the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 disease (COVID-19) a pandemic situation. The main aim of this study was investigating mortality of COVID 19 by considering chronic diseases.

this study was conducted as a cross-sectional in which all confirmed cases were examined. The variables considered in this study were age, sex, diabetes mellitus, cancers, hypertension, heart diseases, kidney diseases, and liver diseases. Independent sample t test, Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to data analysis. All statistical analysis was done in SPSS 16 and significant level was set at 0.05.

Out of 22849 PCR and CT scan tests, 16061 ones were positive. According to the confirmed cases, prevalence of COVID-19 was calculated about 0.019. Also hospital case fatality rate and mortality rate were calculated 156 and about 8.2 per 100000 respectively. Hypertension, and age had significant relationship with morbidity of COVID-19, in other hand, age (OR: 4.51, p<0.001), kidney diseases (OR: 1.84, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.31, p<0.001), cancer (OR: 2.73, p<0.001), liver diseases (OR: 2.27, p<0.001) had impact on mortality of covid-19. Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) showed that diabetes mellitus, cancers, kidney diseases, and liver diseases had 4.2, 2.4, 1.3, and 0.2 percent, respectively.

age and some underlying diseases increase odds of death due to COVID-19. It seems that preventing high-risk people from being infected is an effective solution to reduce COVID-19 death rate. To do this, health protocols need to be implemented more seriously for these sensitive groups.