فصلنامه پژوهش های ارتباطی
پیاپی 109 (بهار 1401)

This study was conducted to extract the behavioral pattern represented from TV to increase the health literacy of the audience. The purpose of the research is applied with descriptive - explanation nature that has been done by mixed method and stratified random sampling in two qualitative and quantitative stages. In the qualitative stage, three comprehensive themes were extracted from the basic and organizing themes by inductive reasoning: changing the viewers' behavior and lifestyle, disease prevention, and audience empowerment. Also, in response to the second question about what changes have been made in the content of the channel programs after Corona, a slight difference was observed by comparing the programs in two time periods. By comparing physical health themes with the views of WHO experts, the shortcomings of the programs were identified: neglecting strengthening active citizenship and recognizing the rights of individuals as patients, failure to inform and orient people as a consumer of products, and failure to access to health care providers to improve health. In the quantitative stage, Friedman T-dependent test was used to test the research hypotheses. In this way, among the various dimensions of health, the physical dimension takes precedence. There was no significant difference between physical health programs in the two time periods used.

It is imperative to develop a normative media frame for the domestic international news agency. Because it helps all media agents to use the norms, values and cultural beliefs of Islamic Iran in gate keeping and publishing news. The study used a qualitative method to understand the desired media norm of international news agency in the country. The statistical population of this study was media and news experts with management background in news and news media field from whom 20 people were selected purposefully. Findings from thematic analysis includes three main themes: "norms of expertise authority, applied norms (policy), and value norms". Based on the findings related to the "norms of expertise authority", since the coverage of news agencies is currently influenced by the tastes and micro and macro political issues, which also determine general policies, planning to achieve expertise authority under a media norm is able to enhance the news agency's position. The findings of "applied norms (policy)" also indicate that news agencies must adhere to certain social norms in order to gain credibility and authority, depending on the context of each society. Findings related to "value norms" also show that news agencies follow different value principles and norms depending on their different cultural, political, social and economic contexts.

In many countries, including Iran, regulations and laws are determined to protect children from harmful effects of media content. The present study focuses on the laws that have been passed regarding the content and distribution of television advertisements for children in Iran. The purpose of this study is to identify the rules of advertising in television programs for children aged 6 to 12 and to analyze the status of children's rights on Iranian television. Documentary and library methods were used for this research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 experts in the field of children and media to analyze the status of restrictions on advertising in television programs, and content analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that those in charge have addressed issues such as the rights of the child audience, the standardization of advertising for children, and restrictive laws governing the distribution of advertisements and the production of content for children and adolescents. These rules and regulations are classified into two categories: Texts that have an executive guarantor and deal briefly and comprehensively with the issue of children's rights, such as the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and texts that reasonably discuss laws restricting advertising in children-specific programs and the rights of children and young audiences, but unlike in other countries, are not enforceable.

Media represent the corona pandemic based on their own perspectives and the demands of the governors positively or negatively, as such they often did not consider the corona as a disease, but an ideological matter. The purpose of this research is to study how corona news is framed.In this research the visual texts, which purposefully selected, of channels IRIB, VOA and Manoto on their Telegram platform were examined using semiotic methods. The publication of Corona images on the telegram platform of IRIB News Agency was framed with "authority of doctors and the cooperation of the people". VOA telegram platform used the Corona as a tool to "generalize the disease" and framed it as a "demonstration of corona healing processes". And finally, Manoto channel published video texts related to Corona on its Telegram platform as a "Transformation of Death Relationships". It can be said that IRIB news agency seeks to conserve the value system and maintain the status quo. In contrast, VOA and Manoto channels seek to construct an ideological and magnify crisis, representing the corona disease with old unrelated myths and implying a distorted meaning.

This study was conducted as an interpretive research paradigm through grounded theory method to provide a model for teaching analytical literacy in Iran. Data was collected by Semi-structured interview technique from experts and professors of educational sciences and curriculum planning whom selected by purposeful sampling way. The research data were analyzed by open coding method from which were extracted conceptual, main and macro categories. Finally, the model of communication literacy training was provided; including causal, structural, intervening factors, as well as the necessary strategies for communication literacy training and the consequences of implementing the correct training system. The main category includes teaching general topics, training and observation, which can be used to design, develop and implement a communication literacy training program. After analyzing the findings, these factors were identified: Family cultural conditions, reading and storytelling in the family, reading poetry to family and classmates, avoiding the consequences of unipolar education, organizing information, psychological skills, semantics, emotions, attitudes, role expectations, non-verbal messages, verbal messages, face-to-face messages, In-person messages, voice and text messages for causal factors; subculture of country, province and city, country education system, family culture, communication network for structural factors; complexity of communication components, inherited traits such as intelligence, cultural background, physical characteristics and psychological skills for intervening factors.

The research was conducted to accredit and identify factors affecting media flow in sports by mixed methods. The statistical population includes media experts with university teaching experience or activists in sports and media, sports promotion experts in media, sports experts and officials, sports media producers, policy makers and sports consultants of IRIB (16 people) for the qualitative part and media experts and students in the field of physical education and viewers of sports programs (370 people) for the quantitative part. The measurement tool in the qualitative stage was the open interview and the analysis was done with Maxqda software. The research tool in quantitative part, was the questionnaire extracted from the qualitative part codes, and was analyzed with AMOS software. Based on data analysis, 86 basic concepts, 19 Axis codes and 5 selective codes of causal, contextual, intervening, and strategic factors and consequences were identified. The results of the quantitative part confirmed items and factors in the confirmatory factor analysis tests. Factors and factors loads of items rate were higher than 0.4. Finally, the provided model has been developed with the opinion of experts, and its implementation can improve the current state of sports media in the community, which will increase the acceptance of these media.

Social trust has become particularly more important, as societies and human actions have developed beyond from individuals to institutions and organizations. Communication media make people's perceptions of the environment and increases/decreases their trust among their audiences by representing good/bad image of the society. They also help to create patterns of action among the audience to take action in different situations.  Communication media (print and electronic) help to access to abstract and specialized institutions, so that cause their audience trust or distrust these institutions. The research is applied in terms of objects and was done through survey. Statistical sample were selected by cluster sampling way over 384 people using Morgan table. Data was collected by researcher-made questioner. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between communication media consumption (print and electronic) and social trust; That is, as the use of communication media increases, so does social trust. This increases the importance of the media in the attitudes of familiar people and the need to address this issue.