Avicenna Journal of Dental Research
Volume:14 Issue: 2, Jun 2022

Light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation (laser) is currently used as a therapy method for decreasing inflammation followed by oral surgeries. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the effect of using diode low-power laser irradiation (photobiomodulation) on the amount of pain, swelling, and trismus due to latent mandibular third molar surgery (surgical removal of latent mandibular third molars).

In this double-blind randomized clinical trial study, 16 individuals with latent mandibular third molars with an identical condition were selected. The teeth were randomly assigned to two groups of laser irradiated intervention group and a non-irradiated control group. A 940 nm diode laser with an output power of 200 mW and an energy density of 12 J/cm2 was applied for 60 seconds at a distance of 1 cm three intraoral points and an extraoral point. The distance between incisal edges of upper and lower central teeth, the horizontal distance between corners of lips and auricle (LE), the vertical distance between the outer canthus of the eye and the mandibular angle (EA), and pain visual analogue scale were measured before surgery and two and seven days after surgery.

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding EA and LE before intervention and on days 2 and 7 after intervention (P>0.05). However, the pain score was significantly higher before intervention (3.31±0.7 vs. 2.38±0.8, P=0.001) and on day 2 after intervention (6.5±1.32 vs. 4.5±0.97, P<0.001) in the control group. On day 7, a higher maximum jaw opening (MJO) was observed in the intervention group (40.68±5.76 vs. 36.81±4.35, P=0.04).

Adjunctive diode laser photobiomodulation after third molar surgery was associated with a significant reduction in pain and trismus.

Reports indicate that lasers accelerate tooth bleaching by activating bleaching agents. Due to the lack of sufficient information about the application of the Er, Cr:YSGG laser, the present study was conducted to compare the degree of enamel color changes after teeth bleaching treatment using chemical whitening agents alone and with Er, Cr:YSGG laser.

In this laboratory study, several human molars were cut into 4 parts after cutting and removing the pulp. Based on laser application, the samples were randomly divided into two groups (N=20), including the chemical bleaching group (G1) and the chemical bleaching group with activated laser (G2). In G1, the bleaching process was performed only with 35% hydrogen peroxide for two weeks (3 times, 15 minutes each week). In G2, the gel bleaching was activated by the Er, Cr:YSGG laser with a wavelength of 2780 nm. It was placed 2.5 cm from the sample surface with bleaching agents and applied twice for 15 seconds. Color changes were recorded using a spectrophotometer before bleaching, immediately after, 1 month, and 3 months after bleaching. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 18), Repeated measures ANOVA, and Tukey’s tests (α=0.05).

Mean and standard deviation of changes in Δa showed a significant difference between the gel group and the gel group with laser over time (P<0.05), but this difference was not observed in ΔL and ΔB (P>0.05). However, the intragroup comparison demonstrated significant changes in Δa and Δb in both groups over time, but not in ΔL (P>0.05). The ΔE changes in both the laser and bleaching gel groups were above the threshold of 3.3. The results indicated no significant difference between G1 and G2 in terms of the ΔE (P>0.05). Finally, the results revealed that 1 and 3 months after teeth whitening, ΔE changes in both groups were greater than 3.3.

Overall, the application of the Er, Cr:YSGG laser had no positive effect on bleaching efficacy when using a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel. Based on the findings, color changes were stable in the studied groups for up to 3 months after teeth bleaching.

Metal artifacts are the major weak points of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. This study aimed to quantify the amount of metal artifacts generated by dental implants placed in different anatomical locations in the mandible on CBCT scans.

In this study, 98 CBCT scans of mandibular dental implants with prosthetic crowns were randomly selected irrespective of the age and gender of the patients. Of all 98 implants, 42 were placed in the anterior mandible and 56 were placed in the posterior mandible. The samples were divided into two groups of single and multiple implants. The CBCT scans of each implant were evaluated in apical and cervical cross-sections. The amount of metal artifacts generated around the implants was calculated. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test at 0.05 level of significance.

Higher amounts of artifacts were noted in the anterior mandible compared to the posterior mandible. Additionally, the amount of artifacts was higher in the cervical cross-section than in the apical cross-section. The difference in the amount of artifacts generated in the cervical cross-section was significant between single and multiple implants (P<0.05). However, this difference was not significant in the apical cross-section (P>0.05).

Dental implants always generate metal artifacts on CBCT scans, and the amount of generated artifacts is influenced by the anatomical location of implants in the mandibular arch.

The growth prediction using reliable growth assessment methods is an invaluable tool during orthodontic treatment planning. This study aimed to examine the relationship between frontal sinus (FS) morphology and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) to predict the skeletal maturity of an individual.

The present study consisted of 252 lateral cephalograms of orthodontic patients. CVM stages and FS parameters such as FS height, FS width, and FS index were assessed using the same lateral cephalogram. Statistical methods including t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation (r) were used for the statistical analysis.

FS height and width were greater in males (24.33±4.21; 10.08±3.20) compared to females (21.43±5.34; 8.12±2.19), indicating a statistical difference (P<0.05). However, FS index did not show a statistically significant difference (P=0.32) between males (2.59±0.74) and females (2.69±0.44) (P=0.32). FS height and width increased significantly in a linear fashion from CVM stage 1 to stage 6. FS index, on the other hand, did not exhibit any statistically significant differences among CVM stages in both males and females. FS height and width showed a significant weak to moderate correlation with CVM stages in both males and females. However, FS index exhibited a mild and weak negative correlation with the CVM stages in both males and females.

FS height and width had a significant weak to moderate correlation with CVM stages in both the males and females, while FS index had a weak negative correlation with CVM stages in both males and females. Unlike the CVM method, the FS morphology cannot be reliably utilized to assess the skeletal maturity.

There are several types of carcinoma which may cause serious diseases in humans and lead to their death. Neoplasia in squamous cells is a subtype of carcinoma which can cause squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). SCC can occur in several areas in the oral cavity (oral squamous cell carcinoma, OSCC) and cutaneous tissues (cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, CSCC) such as skin. This study aims to investigate the expression level of cyclin D1 and its relevance to different prognoses of OSCC and CSCC. The present study investigates the expression of cyclin D1 and its relevance to different prognoses of OSCC and CSCC. Indexes such as lesion site, gender, and age have been checked.

In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 23 cases of OSCC and 23 cases of CSCC were evaluated. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining method was employed to study the correlation of cyclin D1 and the above-mentioned SCCs. The data were analyzed using KAI2, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and dependent t tests in SPSS version 22.0. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.

The results showed that staining status was not significantly correlated with lesion site (P=0.999). According to the results, there was no significant relationship between staining pattern and lesion site (P=0.749). There was a significant relationship between the severity of staining and lesion site (P=0.040). In addition, those with skin lesions showed higher staining intensity. The staining status of gender or age groups was not affected by the adjustment of lesion site. By moderating the effect of lesion site and age group, gender was found to affect staining pattern (P=0.036). The odds ratio of having a diffuse pattern was 4.90 times higher in men than in women. Regardless of the independent variables in the model of people with color intensity 2, their likelihood of going to color 4 was significantly higher (P<0.001). People in intensity 0 were significantly less likely to go to 4 (P=0.001). People in intensity 1 had no significant relationship with those in intensity 4 (P=0.405). Men were less likely to go higher than women. Furthermore, people aged 72 and under were less likely to go higher. Individuals with skin lesions were more likely to go to higher intensity, even though none of the independent variables was significant.

The staining intensity was higher in CSCC than in OSCC. A lot of factors are associated with the prognosis of SCCs, and cyclin D1 may be used as a prognostic marker.

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has taken the world by storm, affecting all age groups alike and presenting a plethora of signs and symptoms. Showcasing a high mortality rate, cytokine storm is identified as one of the most common culprits for death in affected individuals. In patients undergoing severe complications in the form of intubations and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, increased cytokine levels have again been identified as a significant factor, indicating their substantial role in disease outcomes. Periodontitis, which is identified as a silent pandemic, is the most common oral disease that is found in individuals. The increased accumulations of plaques and calculus are the main causative agents, stimulating inflammatory cells in the periodontal tissue, leading to cytokine release. Individuals with the removable or fixed dental prosthesis are at increased risk of contracting fungal infections, which are also identified as increasing the cytokine levels and worsening an individual’s condition contracted with COVID-19. This review focuses on oral hygiene measures and scientifically proven aids that can be used by patients at home for reducing oral cytokine levels and the risk of COVID-19 related complications, thereby sensitizing them at a time when elective dental procedures are discouraged and patients are devoid of professional dental intervention. Mechanical removal of plaques and calculus cannot be substituted with auxiliary aids, but it is important that adjunct practices be adopted for efficient hygiene. Toothbrush hygiene should also be practiced to prevent disease progression and transmission. Adherence to these recommendations is not only required for healthy or infected individuals but also for viral infection recovered patients to avoid the possible risk of developing the black fungus infection.

The giant cell fibroma is a fibrous tumor with characteristic clinicopathologic features. It accounts for approximately 2% to 5% of all oral fibrous proliferations submitted for biopsy. It does not appear to have a clear etiology. In this article, we present seven cases of giant cell fibroma retrieved from the Archive of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.

Ideal reconstruction of the scalp should ensure adequate coverage and protection of the underlying areas of the reconstruction site, include an adequate volume of soft and hard tissue, and contour the reconstruction of the area to accelerate wound healing, acceptable beauty, and proper function and reduce complications after the operation. This study aimed to present our experience regarding basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the scalp and show the reconstructive option for BCC cancer in the scalp. A 69-year-old man was admitted due to the recurrence of the lesions in the forehead and scalp area, and he underwent surgery again one year ago. On initial examination, a lesion sized 5 cm× 5cm with an indistinct margin was visible in the frontal region. The lesion had bleeding, itching, and purulent discharge. Computed tomography scan results indicated skull bone resorption, and pathologic report showed active ulcer BCC with infiltrative growth pattern widely disseminated in deep portion. Tumor size was 4.5 cm × 4.3 cm × 1.5 cm and was negative for lymphovascular invasion. The patient was organized for wide local excision of the lesion. Following the tumor resection, the remaining oval defect was reconstructed using the pinwheel flap under general anesthesia in the operating room. It seems that the pinwheel flap design is an effective approach for the reconstruction of extensive lesions of the scalp.

The novel coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) induced a pandemic influencing several countries worldwide; it has also caused serious concerns in dentistry due to its routes of transmission. As compared to the beginning of dental operations, the total microbial load suspended in the air rises more than three times during dental procedures due to the aerosols contained in the saliva, blood, organic tooth particles, bacteria, or viruses. Various types of dental lasers are recognized to be already produced and used in the treatment of hard and soft dental and oral tissues. One of the benefits of the dental laser is its ability to decontaminate surfaces and destroy germs. Dental lasers produce substantially less aerosols and droplets in comparison to high-speed dental headpieces and ultrasonic devices. Therefore, it is beneficial to indicate its influence in reducing the COVID-19 contamination risk, especially in dentistry.