نشریه دانش انتظامی خراسان جنوبی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 40، بهار 1401)

The crime of collusion has been less analyzed and criticized in criminal law and research literature. This crime, which results from an agreement between two or more people to commit a crime, is often committed in secret, which makes it very difficult to prove it. Articles 60 and 60 of the Penal Code have been drafted in relation to this crime. Collusion for committing a crime has always been a topic of discussion due to the similarity of its material and spiritual elements with other crimes and criminal confrontation with criminal intent; Because according to the general principles of criminal law, criminal thinking is not punishable. However, collusion, meaning the agreement of two or more persons to commit a crime, has been criminalized in Iranian law in some cases. The common ground of collusion criminology is also based on the premise that the joint effort of several individuals to carry out a harmful intent creates such a new and additional force for the commission of a crime that it will lead to the commission of another crime or crimes. What has been studied in this research is that in addition to analyze the philosophical and jurisprudential principles of collusion criminalization, it evaluates and critiques the constituent elements of this crime.The result shows that many legal materials related to the crime of collusion are ambiguous; Including the fact that sometimes the heavy punishment of the enemy is considered for the colluders, which is disproportionate. The proposal is that the legislature, before taking any action, should clarify the ambiguities of the legal provisions relating to the crime of collusion and determine the appropriate punishment for it.

 In the present article, the relations and significant dependencies between the border markets and the surrounding villages have been investigated. One of the main problems in the western border regions of Iran is unemployment and lack of job creation, and as a result, socio-cultural and economic problems that unemployment has increased false employment such as Kolbari, increasing divorce rates, suicide and trafficking. The ultimate goal of this article is to investigate the impact and importance of Sardasht and Bashmaq border markets in promoting the situation of rural border areas in different areas of security, employment and tourism in a separate way with an overview of these markets.

This research is a descriptive-analytical study that has been prepared theoretically by reviewing written sources and computer search, scientific and research articles and quarterly journals in the background of related writings.

Since most border villages are far from the center and despite various possible insecurities and geographical isolation, they face many economic and even socio-cultural problems, border markets can be considered as one of the important levers of sustainable development in border areas which can have a great impact on the surrounding villages.

One of the most important and fundamental concerns of governments and development planners in the present century is rural development; Integrated and justice-oriented development, or proper governance, that seeks to decentralize, so as to prevent the concentration of capital in a region and area and the heterogeneous growth of society, and to be economically efficient and useful. Accordingly, in order to achieve sustainable rural development, which requires the consolidation, strengthening and consolidation of national unity, identity and security, it is necessary and clear that deprived and remote areas in terms of development plans of inalienable rights and development benefits in the context of sustainable security, rural tourism and employment in this field and various fields.

Countries have always sought to achieve development and make every effort to achieve it; Although it has always relied on its variants in the discussion of development, and many emphasize the priority of economic development over political development, some emphasize the priority of political development over economic development, and some emphasize the priority of cultural development over political and economic development; But what can be considered important in this regard is that without the political participation of the people of a society, a suitable vision for the future of the country can not be imagined. In all societies, the issue of order, social security and the observance of public rights has been an important issue for both the government and the people. Human relations in society are based on certain rules and regulations, and formal and informal methods of social monitoring and control are provided to maintain social order and security. This article seeks to answer the questions: What is the place of political indifference in public rights and popular participation? The authors of the research, using analytical-descriptive method and a library examining the concepts of political indifference and social participation, have concluded that political indifference can cause irreparable damage in terms of regulating public rights and public participation; Therefore, with the decrease of popular participation and the increase of political indifference, it can be stated that some rules and frameworks governing public order and rights are ignored.

Today, with the developments in the field of industry and technology, some governments to attract and expand these matters within the framework of their country to attract foreign investment for the development of their country. This article seeks to answer the questions: To what extent does the crime of money laundering affect the reduction of investment security in a country? And what is the legislative criminal policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in relation to the crime of money laundering? The authors of the research using analytical-descriptive method and library study of the word money laundering from the point of view of law and legal doctrine have concluded that the crime of money laundering can cause irreparable damage in order to endanger the economy of a country; Therefore, with the decrease in investment security, we have also witnessed a decrease in the development of the country. For this reason, considering the laws governing money laundering in the Islamic Republic of Iran, we found that there are no clear laws regarding the security of investment and the impact of money laundering on it.

This article is entitled “Factors affecting the occurrence of premeditated murder in South Khorasan province”. The purpose of this article is to study and identify the factors affecting the occurrence of premeditated murder and to provide appropriate suggestions for improving methods and, also, the results and findings of this article provide appropriate strategies for achieving success in identifying the causes of premeditated murder and discovering principled, court-friendly and faster murder cases to officials at the organizational and extra-organizational levels and future researchers. This article is descriptive-analytical in terms of article method. Gathering information related to theoretical topics by library method as well as field studies method (studying murder cases and collecting information from judges and judicial officers). The results of this article are: the effect of illicit relationships on the occurrence of premeditated murder, the effect of drug addiction on the occurrence of premeditated murder, the effect of violence and momentary anger, respectively, have had the highest effect on the occurrence of premeditated murder in the South Khorasan province.

One of the most complex issues in the cities of the world is the high crime rate and the increase of social anomalies in them. The occurrence of all kinds of crimes and anomalies creates a sense of insecurity and imposes financial problems on the society, the government and the judiciary. Today, the exponential increase in crime rate in parallel with the increase in population can be seen in most countries of the world. The fight against crime and social perversion depends on recognizing the causes of crimes. Therefore, by eliminating these factors or reducing theirs effects, crimes can be prevented or at least reduced them in society. Crime or deviation is a danger light that indicates the shortcomings of society and usually has various causes and factors. In this study, causes and factors such as age, education, marriage, gender, employment, criminal record, citizenship, income and expenditure balance, addiction, religiousness, have been considered by the author and the relationship between these factors with crime has been investigated. For this purpose, the files of all those who committed crimes in Ferdows city in April, which includes 137 cases, were examined; The results of studies show that there is a significant relationship between age, gender, employment, education, marriage, citizenship, income and expenditure balance, addiction and the degree of religiosity with crime. But there is no significant relationship between criminal history and crime.