مجله دانش و تندرستی در علوم پایه پزشکی
سال هفدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1401)

Introduction:

 Chronic liver disease is one of the most important diseases that considering the effect of this disease on quality of life and its interaction on the nutritional status of children and adolescents. The present study was conducted todeterminethe effect of Educational diet-based program on liver function in children with chronic liver disease.

This study was a two-group randomized controlled trial and pretest-posttest that was performed on 45 intervention group and 30 control group inGhaem Mashhad hospital. In addition to routine care, the intervention group received a diet modification training program during 6 sessions of the workshop and the patients in the control group received routine care. The levels of bilirubin (total, direct), albumin, prothrombin, transaminases (AST, ALT) of the research units were assessed using blood samples before the intervention and after 12 weeks of follow-up. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16 and independent t-test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and Q square tests.

The results of data analysis showed that the intervention of diet modification program has positive effects on liver-specific findings so that between the two groups of control and intervention after liver-specific tests of prothrombin time, albumin, aspartate transaminase, alanine Transaminases were significantly associated between the two groups (intervention and control(P≤0.05). The results were not significant for total and direct bilirubin, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly(P>0.05).

Considering the positive effect of educational intervention, it is recommended that parents and health care providers use diet modification training program as an effective solution to prevent undesirable complications of liver disease in children and provide them with relevant educational materials to take.

Proper functioning of the nervous, hormonal, psychological, and arterial systems is one of the necessary factors for a successful erection. One of the problems of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is erectile dysfunction which is caused by the destruction of nerve pathways. This study was conducted as the first study with the aim of the effectivenessof earthworm oil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with multiple sclerosis.

This was a randomized trial performed on 50 male patients with Multiple Sclerosis who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups according to the inclusion andexclusion criteria. The two groups were treated topically with earthworm oil and olive oil for three months, respectively. To collect the data, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)) Questionnaire was used before and three months after the use of earthworm oil. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by SPSS18 statistical software.

The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of erectile function, orgasm, sexual satisfaction, and overall satisfaction in the experimental and control groups (P<0.05) but there is no difference between libido in the two groups. (P>0.05).

The results of the present study showed that earthworm oil leads to improved sexual function in patients with MS, but considering that this study is the first research in this field, more studies are needed to investigate the possible side effects of long-term use and prove its definite effect.

Metabolic syndrome is a problem that threatens public health. This study aimed to determine effectiveness ofnutrition education program in controlling metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors and oxidative stress indicators in personnel working in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 92 staff members of who had MetS in 2019. ATP III criterionwas used to diagnose, patients were divided into two groups using a block of four. In control groups, short educational lectures were used, the subjects in the intervention group received individual nutritional counseling. After 12 weeks, the status of risk factors was again assessed in both groups and the effectiveness of training and nutritional counseling in controlling MetS risk factors and oxidative stress indicators were evaluated.To analyze the data, we used descriptive statistics and qualitative variables comparison was done using a chi-square test. For mean group comparison before and after intervention, an independent T-Test was used. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. All statistical analyses were done using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS software).

there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of waist circumference, blood pressure, weight,BMI, and total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05).

Adhering to the diet and nutrition education program can reduce the risk factors of (MetS), so it is recommended to improve the lifestyle by maintaining an ideal weight.

Breast cancer is the most common neoplastic malignancy in women in the world. The use of biodegradable and biocompatible drug nanocarriers can lead to the improvement of the most effective method of cancer treatment by increasing the drug solubility and efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-cancer effect of silk fibroin nanoparticles containing doxorubicin on cell lines, MCF7 and HFF and to determine the effective dose for cancer cell removal and to evaluate the cellular level of ROS and apoptosis in the studied cell lines.

In this study, silk fibroin nanoparticles containing doxorubicin were synthesized and characterized. Normal (HFF) and cancerous (MCF7) cells were treated with different concentrations of designed nanostructures at 24, 48 and 72 hour intervals. After the above times, MTT method was used to evaluate the vital activity of cells and V-FITC / PI Annexin kit and flow cytometry device were used to determine the rate of apoptosis. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA analysis.

The inhibitory effect of fibroin-doxorubicin nanoparticles was observed on MCF7 growth by MTT test. The results of MTT assay showed that doxorubicin-coated silk fibroin nanoparticles have a dose-dependent anti-cancer effect on MCF7 cell line and low cytotoxicity on normal HFF cells. Doxorubicin-coated silk fibroin nanoparticles significantly reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the HFF and MCF-7 cell lines. The rate of apoptosis in MCF-7 increased significantly in the presence of doxorubicin-coated silk fibroin nanoparticles. These data suggest that the drug acts to induce cell death through the apoptotic pathway.

silk fibroin nanoparticles containing doxorubicin acts through the apoptotic pathway and can be considered as a candidate for new anticancer drugs.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for more than 17.9 million deaths a year. Various factors are involved in the disease's development, including lifestyle, nutrition, environment, and genetic factors. Genetics is one of the main causes of CVD because of the familial accumulation of these diseases especially in countries with traditional cultures. As a result, cardiologists need to be aware of the genetic background of CVD and how to use genetic testing to diagnose and find therapeutic solutions. Here, the genetic basis of various CVDs, especially those with single-gene inheritance, diagnostic methods, and advanced genetic diagnostic techniques are reviewed. Also, for each disease, candidate genes, and molecular genetic techniques appropriately to diagnose are suggested and introduced.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most important types of cancer in the world that often leads to death. Computer-aided diagnostic systems can play an important role in the early diagnosis of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the proposed computer-aided diagnostic system on the accuracy of radiologist diagnosis in colorectalCT images.

A computer-aided diagnostic system based on MLP artificial neural network was developed to diagnose polyps in colorectal CT images. To validate the developed model, colorectal CT images of 35 patients of Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran and Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan were collected. These patients underwent colonography on the recommendation of their doctor and then underwent conventional colonoscopy due to the possibility of polyps. The results of the CTC-CAD method and the radiologist according to the Colonoscopy specialist opinion, participated in a Binominal statistical test to check the accuracy of diagnosis.

The result of p-value obtained from the binomial test comparing the correct diagnoses of CTC-CAD method and radiologist about the presence of polyps from Loghman Hakim and Alzahra hospitals were 0.001 and 0.02, respectively. In the binomial test comparing correct diagnoses, CTC-CAD and radiologist methods for the absence of polyps from Loghman Hakim and Alzahra hospitals were 0.262 and 0.367, respectively.

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that CTC-CAD performed better in diagnosing the presence of polyps than the radiologist and in the absence of polyps compared to the radiologist.

Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit psychostimulant that is widely abused in the world. METH abuse may lead to white matter injury and to a range of behavioral disorder and psychosis. The present study sought to assess subtle white matter microstructural change as well as psychosis in long-term METH dependence.

We recruited 42 METH users’ subject meeting DSM-5 criteria and 21 healthy controls. Psychotic signs were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). We applied tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to investigate group differences in mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, axial and radial diffusivity, and their association with psychotic symptoms.

This DTI study of whole brain white matter integrity based on TBSS and its relation with psychotic symptoms revealed two main findings in the METH group. (a) METH addicts had significantly lower FA and higher AD, RD, and MD in a wide range of white matter. (b) Subjects in theMETH group had significantly higher PANSS total score, when compared to the control group.

METH addicts show subtle patterns of impaired white matter integrity of distinct Cerebral nerve pathways relative to controls. The results are further suggestive of neuronal tract based pathology playing a key role in psychotic symptoms in METH dependence

Introduction:

Early clinical exposure (ECE) is that teaching-learning methodology, in which the medical students are exposed to the patients much before their clinical postings, i.e., as early as the first year of medical college. Early clinical exposure (ECE) was recently introduced into the medical curriculum to bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical departments and help the students correlate the basic science teaching with clinical concepts.

The purpose of the study was to analyse the perception of students towards the introduction of Early clinical exposure in Physiology.

The study was undertaken in the Department of Physiology. The study was conducted after obtaining institutional ethical clearance and consent from all the participants. A total of 115 first phase undergraduate medical students volunteered to participate in the study. Students' perception about ECE was collected through their feedbacks using a pre-validated questionnaire containing both closed and open type of questions on ECE.

Students agreed that ECE is a more interesting method, helped correlate physiology with a clinical case and understand the importance of learning Physiology. Students showed a positive response towards introducing ECE in their new curriculum.

We concluded that the students exposed toearly clinical exposure sessions benefited more than those exposed to traditional learning only. We expect ECE will definitely create more interest in the medical students as future doctors and motivate them to think beyond the physiology classrooms, reading the disease process