مجله پژوهش های کاربردی در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 40 (بهار 1401)

The purpose of this study was to identify the growthchallenges of sport start-up businesses in Iran. The study is an exploration research and is considered as qualitative. The research data were collected through subjective sampling and based on deep semi-structured interviews with experts in this field (all startups managers, science and technology parks, growth centers, university professors, elites in the field of sport entrepreneurship). The number of participants reached 21 using the theoretical saturation index and the findings were analyzed by grounded theory in coding process included three steps: open, axial and selective coding. Findings indicate that categories such as innovation and idea generation, specialist human capital, organizational and individual aspect, and the specialized unit of the country's sports startups as contextual factors and Categories such as structural and governmental, Hard infrastructure, Strategic and environmental factors and Entrepreneurship centers and sports start-up in federations and... as interferer factors were recognized for the growth of start-up sport businesses in Iran. That can help to employment creation, sport development, growth and revival of sport startups and the country's economic sustainable growth under sanction.

The purpose of this study was to Designing the model role Social exchange on decision-making of AFC elite football and futsal referees. The statistical population of this study included elite football referees and Asian futsal men in two sections of men and women who were in the 2017 Elite list of Asian referees. With regard to the limited population of the population, sampling was a total of 292 individuals in the study. The research method is descriptive and is a type of structural equation that has been implemented as a field. To collect data, social researcher-made social exchange and decision-making questionnaires were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive indices, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were used. The results showed that organizational support and social support have a positive and significant effect on judges' decision. On the other hand, social exchanges have a positive and significant impact on individual decision making and organizational decision making. Also, the path analysis method of social exchange with a positive and significant decision (T-value = 6.34 = PC = 0.51).

This research was conducted with the main purpose of designing human resource maturity model in physical education departments of comprehensive universities of the country. Regarding the exploratory nature of the research, the modeling process, which is the theorizing approach rather than testing theory as well as the study in a small scope but high depth, was used as a qualitative method for codification of the model. The data were collected by semi-structured interviews, in such a way that each interview lasted about thirty minutes and information was finalized in about four months. The community responded to the interview questions were university experts at the physical education departments of the universities of the country as a whole were 18 people and the interviewees were selected based on the principle of diagnosis and snowball sampling techniques, the condition for the completion of sampling was to reach theoretical saturation. In order to verify the accuracy of the data, two people encoded and the similarity coefficient of 78% of the codes was obtained. The findings of the research reveal the discovery of human resources leadership components, labor relations and employees, perceptual outcomes of human resources, human resource development, human resources compensation, human resources planning and human resources, and human resources strategy,that explored cases likely to facilitate the maturity of human resources in physical education departments. The result of this study ends to identify the components that will lead the academic focus to more focused concentration on manpower.

The purpose of this study was to identify and rank socio-cultural factors affecting making culture in sport of Iran. The statistical population consisted of experts in the field of sport and sociology of sport who had full knowledge of the subject matter of the research. Based on a bullet-shaped selection, 18 people were identified as the sample of the study. In the present study, in order to design a conceptual framework, the research was assisted by three-branch theory. In order to identify the socio-cultural factors affecting the promotion culture in Iran's sport, the theoretical foundations of the research as well as the opinion of experts have been used. To this end, the researcher first identified the factors affecting the resources of the articles, identifying a number of factors and then using experts' opinion of the experts to do these factors. In this research, the total number of eight socio-cultural factors affecting making culture in sport of Iran, including family, friends, mass media, social media, Social attitude, religion, social environment and social structure, has been identified and finalized. In order to rank the factor, the Electra method was used with using the ES software. The results showed that the family with overcome 7, the most important socio-cultural factors affecting making culture in sport of Iran, and the social and social structure of the environment with the overcoming of one, the least important socio-cultural factors affecting making culture in sport of Iran.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ethical leadership style on job well-being with the mediating role of work-family facilitation.This research is a descriptive-correlational study that has been conducted in the field. The statistical population of this study consisted of all physical education teachers in Sari (N = 190). Statistical sample was determined using G-Power software 118 people who were selected by simple random sampling. Parker & Heath (2011), Brown Ethical Leadership, Torino Harrison (2005) and Holbrook (2005) Family Facilitation Questionnaires were used to collect data after validation and reliability. Data were analyzed using the partial least squares method.The results showed that ethical leadership has a positive and significant effect on work-family facilitation and job well-being. Ethical leadership style also indirectly affects job well-being through work-family facilitation.According to the findings of the present study, it is recommended to the officials of education departments and school principals to use new leadership approaches to improve the welfare of teachers, deal with life problems and maintain the balance of family and work life.

The technique used in this study was data envelopment analysis. The statistical population included the deputies of physical education headquartered in the 31 provinces of Iran. The tool used was a five-valued questionnaire, which was evaluated on the basis of a fuzzy method. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was approved by 14 experts in the field of sports management based on CVR and CVI forms. The results showed that the components of “stuff” with the mean of 43.54 and standard deviation of 19.90, “budget” with the mean of 31.219 and standard deviation of 14.741; “sports capita” with the mean of 0.5909and standard deviation of 0.1153, “public sports” with the mean of 841/67and standard deviation of 385/80, “championship sport” with the mean of 93/29and standard deviation of 60/61,”sports education,”with the mean of 66/73 and standard deviation 21/34، “sports research” with the mean of 77/87and standard deviation of 59/64, “sports events” with the mean of 6021/00and standard deviation of 2364/14, and “training sports”with the mean of 170/35 and standard deviation of 18/06. The results ofSensitivity Analysis Test indicated that the component of “budget” had the most role in the efficiency of the provincial physical education deputies. Moreover, the provinces of Ardabil, Ilam, Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Northern Khorasan, and Khuzestan enjoyed the necessary efficiency. The outcomes of the sensitivity analysis of inputs and outputs in the BCC model indicated that "budget" and "championship sport", respectively, played greater role in determining the efficiency of the deputies.